Digital Music Notation System |

Njira yojambulira nyimbo pogwiritsa ntchito manambala (onani Kulemba kwanyimbo).

Kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito C.s. chifukwa cha mtengo wa kamvekedwe ka mawu a manambala, dongosolo la zinthu, kufanana pakati pa nyimbo ndi ntchito ndi manambala. Nthawi zina, C. s. zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri kuposa machitidwe ena a nyimbo. zizindikiro. Malinga ndi C. s. phula, mita ndi rhythm zitha kuwonetsedwa, nthawi zina magawo ena a nyimbo.

Ambiri C. ndi. amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza mamvekedwe, makamaka intervals (1 - prima, 2 - yachiwiri, etc.). SI Taneev anakonza zoti C. s. intervals, imene manambala amasonyeza chiwerengero cha masekondi mu imeneyi (prima - 0, wachiwiri - 1, wachitatu - 2, etc.); izi zidapangitsa kuti athe kupanga chiphunzitso chofanana ndi masamu cha polyphonic. kulumikizana (onani Movable counterpoint). Mawerengero achiroma (nthawi zinanso achiarabu) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasitepe a chiphunzitso cha mgwirizano kuti atchule masitepe posonyeza masitepe omwe ali oyambira (mwachitsanzo, I, V, nVI, III, etc.), zomwe zimakulolani lembani nyimbo mu tonality iliyonse, mosasamala kanthu za kutalika kwa prima; Manambala achiarabu (nthawi zinanso achiroma) pamasitepe ndi machitidwe amatanthawuza kumveka kwa chord choperekedwa (mwachitsanzo,

- chord yachisanu ndi chiwiri yokhala ndi chachisanu chokwezeka). Kutchulidwa kwa masitepe a octave (chita, re, etc.) ndi Chiarabu. ziwerengero analandira kufalitsidwa kwina mu Russian. kwaya yakusukulu. kuyimba (malinga ndi dongosolo la digito la E. Sheve; onani Solmization): masitepe pakuyimba kwapakati. octave (octave yoyamba ya treble ndi alto, yaying'ono - ya mabass ndi tenor) - 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (imani - 7), mu octave yapamwamba - yokhala ndi kadontho pamwamba (

ndi zina), mu octave yapansi - yokhala ndi kadontho pansi (

etc.); masitepe okwera -

, kutsika -

. Manambalawa amafanana ndi mawu a kiyi iliyonse, mwachitsanzo. mu F chachikulu:

(Chiwerengero chokhala ndi dontho limodzi kumanja ndi chofanana ndi theka la noti, chokhala ndi madontho awiri ndi theka limodzi ndi kadontho, ndipo chokhala ndi madontho atatu ndi cholemba chonse.)

C.s. amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu tablature, bass wamba, pophunzira kusewera pamabedi ena. zida (domra, balalaika, mizere iwiri chromatic harmonica). Pophunzira kuimba zingwe. zida zimagwiritsa ntchito mizere yofananira, nambala yomwe imagwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha zingwe za chida; manambala amalembedwa pamizere iyi yogwirizana ndi manambala amtundu wa frets pa chala. Mizere imawerengedwa kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Kujambula koteroko ndi mtundu wa tabu ya digito. M'zolemba za harmonica, manambala nthawi zambiri amalembedwa, kusonyeza nambala ya ordinal ya kiyi yogwirizana ndi cholemba ichi.

C.s. kulikonse kufotokoza Metrorhythmic. chiwerengero - kuchokera ku zizindikiro za msambo za zaka za 14-15. (yolembedwa ndi F. de Vitry m’buku lakuti “Ars nova” pofotokoza modus perfectus u modus imperfectus) mpaka masiku ano. zizindikiro za metric. M'malingaliro, ma metrics akale X. Riemann Ts. amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza metric. ntchito za wotchi:

(komwe, mwachitsanzo, 4 ndi ntchito ya mawu omaliza ang'onoang'ono, theka-cadence; 8 ndi ntchito ya mapeto athunthu; 7 ndi ntchito ya muyeso wopepuka, womwe umakokera mwamphamvu ku lotsatira, lovuta kwambiri). Mu nyimbo zamagetsi, mothandizidwa ndi manambala, zoyambira zimatha kulembedwa. magawo a nyimbo - pafupipafupi, mphamvu, kutalika kwa mawu. M'zoimbaimba za serial, manambala angagwiritsidwe ntchito, mwachitsanzo, kutembenuza maubwenzi a phula kukhala rhythmic (onani Seriality), kuti avomereze. Diff. C.s. amagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera zochitika zina zokhudzana nazo, mwachitsanzo, zala.

Zothandizira: Albrecht KK, Kalozera wa kuyimba kwakwaya molingana ndi njira ya digito ya Sheve pogwiritsa ntchito nyimbo 70 za Chirasha ndi kwaya 41 za magawo atatu, makamaka za masukulu a anthu, M., 1867, 1885; Taneev SI, Mobile counterpoint yolemba mwamphamvu, Leipzig, (1909), M., 1959; Galin R., Exposition d'une nouvelle méthode pour l'enseignement de la musique, P., 1818, id., pansi pa mutu wakuti: Méthode du Meloplaste, P., 1824; Chevé E., Méthode élémentaire de musique vocale, P., 1844, 1854; ake, Méthode Galin-Chevé-Paris, Méthode élémentaire d'harmonie, P., 1846; Kohoutek C., Novodobé skladebné teorie zbpadoevropské hudby, Praha, 1962, pansi pa mutu wakuti: Novodobé skladebné smery v hudbe, Praha, 1965 (Kumasulira kwa Chirasha - Kohoutek Ts., Technique of Composition 1976, Mth XNUMX) .

Yu. N. Kholopov