Dinu Lipatti (Dinu Lipatti) |
Dino Lipatti
Dzina lake lakhala mbiri yakale: pafupifupi zaka makumi asanu zapita kuchokera ku imfa ya wojambula. Panthawiyi, nyenyezi zambiri zawuka ndikukhala paziwonetsero zapadziko lonse lapansi, mibadwo ingapo ya oimba piyano odziwika bwino yakula, njira zatsopano zamasewera zakhazikitsidwa - zomwe zimatchedwa "kalembedwe kamakono". Ndipo panthawiyi, cholowa cha Dinu Lipatti, mosiyana ndi cholowa cha akatswiri ena ambiri akuluakulu a theka loyamba la zaka za zana lathu, sichinaphimbidwe ndi "kukongola kwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale", sichinataye chithumwa chake, kutsitsimuka kwake: kunapezeka. kukhala woposa mafashoni, komanso, sikuti amangopitirizabe kukondweretsa omvera, komanso amakhudza mibadwo yatsopano ya oimba piyano. Zolemba zake sizonyada kwa osonkhanitsa ma diski akale - amatulutsidwa mobwerezabwereza, amagulitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Zonsezi zikuchitika osati chifukwa Lipatti akadakhalabe pakati pathu, kukhala paunyamata wake, ngati si chifukwa cha matenda ankhanza. Zifukwa zili zozama - makamaka za luso lake losatha, mu choonadi chozama cha kumverera, ngati kuyeretsedwa kwa chirichonse chakunja, chosakhalitsa, kuchulukitsa mphamvu ya chikoka cha luso la woimba komanso panthawiyi mtunda.
Ojambula ochepa adakwanitsa kusiya chizindikiro chodziwika bwino chokumbukira anthu mu nthawi yochepa, yomwe idaperekedwa kwa iwo mwatsoka. Makamaka ngati tikumbukira kuti Lipatti sanali mwana wanzeru m'lingaliro lovomerezeka la mawuwa, ndipo mochedwerapo anayamba ntchito yaikulu ya konsati. Anakula ndikukula mu chikhalidwe cha nyimbo: agogo ake aakazi ndi amayi ake anali oimba piyano abwino kwambiri, abambo ake anali woyimba zeze wokonda kwambiri (iye adaphunziranso kuchokera kwa P. Sarasate ndi K. Flesch). M'mawu ake, n'zosadabwitsa kuti woimba tsogolo, sadziwa zilembo, momasuka bwino piyano. Kusangalala kwachibwana kunaphatikizidwa modabwitsa m'zolemba zake zosavuta ndi zovuta zodabwitsa; kuphatikizika koteroko kwachangu kwa kumverera ndi kuzama kwa malingaliro kunatsalira pambuyo pake, kukhala mawonekedwe a wojambula wokhwima.
Mphunzitsi woyamba wa Lipatti wazaka zisanu ndi zitatu anali wolemba nyimbo M. Zhora. Atapeza luso lapadera la limba mwa wophunzira, mu 1928 anampereka kwa mphunzitsi wotchuka Florika Muzychesk. M'zaka zomwezo, anali ndi mlangizi wina ndi wothandizira - George Enescu, yemwe anakhala "godfather" wa woimba wachinyamatayo, yemwe adatsatira kwambiri chitukuko chake ndikumuthandiza. Ali ndi zaka 15, Lipatti anamaliza maphunziro awo ndi ulemu kuchokera ku Bucharest Conservatory, ndipo posakhalitsa adalandira Mphotho ya Enescu pa ntchito yake yaikulu yoyamba, zojambula za symphonic "Chetrari". Pa nthawi yomweyo, woimba anaganiza kutenga nawo mbali mu mpikisano wa mayiko limba ku Vienna, mmodzi wa "akuluakulu" mwa mawu a chiwerengero cha ophunzira mu mbiri ya mpikisano: ndiye amisiri 250 anabwera ku likulu la Austria. Lipatti anali wachiwiri (pambuyo pa B. Kohn), koma mamembala ambiri a jury anamutcha wopambana weniweni. A. Cortot anasiya ngakhale oweruza potsutsa; mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, nthawi yomweyo adayitana achinyamata a ku Romania ku Paris.
Lipatti ankakhala ku likulu la France kwa zaka zisanu. Anachita bwino ndi A. Cortot ndi I. Lefebur, amene anaphunzira nawo kalasi ya Nadia Boulanger, anatenga maphunziro kuchokera ku C. Munsch, wolemba I. Stravinsky ndi P. Duke. Boulanger, amene analera opeka nyimbo zambirimbiri, ananena izi ponena za Lipatti: “Woimba weniweni m’lingaliro lonse la liwulo angalingaliridwe kukhala wodzipereka kotheratu ku nyimbo, kuiŵala za iye mwini. Ndikhoza kunena mosabisa kuti Lipatti ndi mmodzi mwa ojambulawo. Ndipo chimenecho ndiye chifotokozedwe chabwino koposa cha chikhulupiriro changa mwa iye.” Zinali ndi Boulanger kuti Lipatti adajambula koyamba mu 1937: Mavinidwe amanja a Brahms.
Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba ntchito konsati wojambula. Kale zisudzo zake zoyamba ku Berlin ndi mizinda ya Italy zidakopa chidwi cha aliyense. Pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwake kwa Parisian, otsutsa adamuyerekeza ndi Horowitz ndipo adalosera tsogolo labwino kwa iye. Lipatti anapita ku Sweden, Finland, Austria, Switzerland, ndipo kulikonse anachita bwino. Ndi konsati iliyonse, talente yake inatsegula ndi mbali zatsopano. Izi zinathandizidwa ndi kudzidzudzula kwake, njira yake yolenga: asanabweretse kutanthauzira kwake pa siteji, sanakwaniritse bwino bwino malembawo, komanso kusakanikirana kokwanira ndi nyimbo, zomwe zinachititsa kuti alowemo kwambiri mu zolemba za wolemba. cholinga.
Ndi khalidwe kuti m'zaka zaposachedwapa anayamba kutembenukira ku cholowa Beethoven, ndipo m'mbuyomo ankaona kuti sanali wokonzeka izi. Tsiku lina ananena kuti zinamutengera zaka zinayi kukonzekera Fifth Concerto ya Beethoven kapena Tchaikovsky's First. Zoonadi, izi sizikunena za luso lake lochepa, koma ndi zofuna zake zopitirira malire. Koma chilichonse mwa machitidwe ake ndikupeza chinthu chatsopano. Pokhalabe wokhulupirika kwambiri ku malemba a wolemba, woyimba piyano nthawi zonse ankamasulira ndi "mitundu" ya umunthu wake.
Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za umunthu wake chinali chibadwa chodabwitsa cha mawu: kuphweka kwakunja, kumveka bwino kwa malingaliro. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kwa woimba aliyense, adapeza mitundu yapadera ya piyano yomwe imagwirizana ndi dziko lake. Bach wake adamveka ngati ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi "myuziyamu" yowoneka bwino yamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri. "Ndani angayerekeze kuganiza za cembalo ndikumvetsera Gawo Loyamba lochitidwa ndi Lipatti, lodzaza ndi mphamvu zamanjenje, mbiri yabwino chotere komanso chisomo chapamwamba chotere?" Adadandaula m'modzi mwa otsutsawo. Mozart adamukopa, choyamba, osati ndi chisomo ndi kupepuka, koma ndi chisangalalo, ngakhale sewero ndi kulimba mtima. "Palibe kuvomereza kwa kalembedwe kolimba," masewera ake akuwoneka kuti akutero. Izi zimatsindikitsidwa ndi rhythmic rigor, kutanthawuza kugwedeza, kugwira mwamphamvu. Kumvetsetsa kwake kwa Chopin kuli mu ndege yomweyo: palibe kumverera, kuphweka kosavuta, ndipo nthawi yomweyo - mphamvu yaikulu yakumverera ...
Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse inapeza wojambula ku Switzerland, paulendo wina. Iye anabwerera kwawo, anapitiriza kuchita, kulemba nyimbo. Koma mkhalidwe wofowoketsa wa chipani cha Romania unamupondereza, ndipo mu 1943 anatha kunyamuka kupita ku Stockholm, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko kupita ku Switzerland, kumene kunakhala pothaŵirapo lake lomaliza. Anatsogolera dipatimenti yoimba komanso kalasi ya piyano ku Geneva Conservatory. Koma panthaŵi yomwe nkhondoyo inatha ndipo chiyembekezo chabwino chinatsegulidwa pamaso pa wojambulayo, zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda osachiritsika zinawonekera - khansa ya m'magazi. Iye analembera mphunzitsi wake M. Zhora mokhumudwa kuti: “Ndili ndi thanzi labwino, kulimbana ndi kusowa kunali kotopetsa. Tsopano popeza ndikudwala, pali oitanira anthu ochokera m'mayiko onse. Ndinasaina zibwenzi ndi Australia, South ndi North America. N’zosadabwitsa bwanji! Koma sinditaya mtima. Ndimenya nawo zivute zitani.”
Nkhondoyi inapitirira kwa zaka zambiri. Maulendo aatali anayenera kuthetsedwa. Mu theka lachiwiri la 40s, sanachoke ku Switzerland; kupatulapo maulendo ake opita ku London, komwe adapanga koyamba mu 1946 pamodzi ndi G. Karajan, akusewera Schumann's Concerto motsogoleredwa ndi iye. Pambuyo pake Lipatti adapita ku England kangapo kuti akalembe. Koma mu 1950, sakanatha kupirira ngakhale ulendo woterewu, ndipo kampani ya I-am-a inatumiza "gulu" lawo kwa iye ku Geneva: m'masiku ochepa, pamtengo wa khama lalikulu, 14 Chopin waltzes, Sonata ya Mozart (No. 8) inalembedwa , Bach Partita (B flat major), Chopin's 32nd Mazurka. Mu August, iye anaimba ndi oimba kwa nthawi yomaliza: Mozart's Concerto (No. 21) anaimba, G. Karayan anali pa nsanja. Ndipo pa Seputembala 16, Dinu Lipatti adatsanzikana ndi omvera ku Besançon. Pulogalamu ya konsati inaphatikizapo Bach's Partita mu B flat major, Mozart's Sonata, awiri opangidwa ndi Schubert ndi ma waltze 14 a Chopin. Anasewera 13 yekha - womaliza analibenso mphamvu zokwanira. Koma m'malo mwake, pozindikira kuti sadzakhalanso pabwalo, wojambulayo adayimba Bach Chorale, yokonzedwanso ndi limba ndi Myra Hess… Kujambula kwa konsatiyi kunakhala chimodzi mwazolemba zochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'mbiri yanyimbo yazaka za zana lathu…
Lipatti atamwalira, mphunzitsi wake ndi bwenzi lake A. Cortot analemba kuti: “Wokondedwa Dinu, kukhala kwanu kwakanthaŵi pakati pathu sikungokuchititsani kukhala patsogolo mwa kuvomerezana ndi anthu onse ku malo oyamba pakati pa oimba piyano a m’badwo wanu. Pokumbukira omwe adakumverani, mumasiya chidaliro chakuti ngati tsoka silinakhale lankhanza kwa inu, ndiye kuti dzina lanu likanakhala nthano, chitsanzo cha ntchito yodzipereka kwa luso. Nthawi yomwe yadutsa kuyambira nthawi imeneyo yasonyeza kuti zojambula za Lipatti zimakhalabe chitsanzo mpaka lero. Cholowa chake chomveka ndi chochepa kwambiri - pafupifupi maola asanu ndi anayi okha a kujambula (ngati mungawerenge kubwerezabwereza). Kuphatikiza pa nyimbo zomwe tazitchula pamwambazi, anatha kujambulanso nyimbo za Bach (No. 1), Chopin (No. 1), Grieg, Schumann, ndi Bach, Mozart, Scarlatti, Liszt, Ravel. nyimbo – Concertino mu tingachipeze powerenga kalembedwe ndi Sonata kwa kumanzere manja ... Ndizo pafupifupi zonse. Koma aliyense amene amazoloŵerana ndi zolembedwa zimenezi motsimikizirika angavomerezane ndi mawu a Florica Muzycescu: “Mawu aluso amene analankhula nawo anthu akhala akukopa omvera nthaŵi zonse, amakopanso awo amene akumvetsera kuimba kwake pa rekodi.”
Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.
