Mndandanda wa Eugene |

Mndandanda wa Eugene

Chochitika chomwe chinapangitsa kuti dzina la Eugene List lidziwike kwa dziko lonse lapansi likukhudzana ndi nyimbo molakwika: uwu ndi msonkhano wa mbiri yakale wa Potsdam, womwe unachitika mwamsanga pambuyo pa kutha kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, m'chilimwe cha 1945. Pulezidenti wa ku America G. Truman adafuna kuti lamuloli lisankhe akatswiri angapo ankhondo ndikuwatumiza kuti akachite nawo konsati yagalasi. Pakati pawo panali msilikali Eugene List. Kenako adachita masewero angapo ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikizapo pempho la Pulezidenti. Waltz (Op. 42) ndi Chopin; popeza wojambula wachinyamatayo analibe nthawi yoti aphunzire pamtima, adasewera molingana ndi zolemba zomwe pulezidenti mwiniwake adatembenuza. Tsiku lotsatira, dzina la msilikali woimba piyano linatuluka m'manyuzipepala a mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo kwawo. Komabe, apa dzinali linkadziwika kale kwa okonda nyimbo ambiri.

Wobadwa ku Philadelphia, Eugene Liszt adalandira maphunziro ake oyamba, monga zimachitika nthawi zambiri, kuchokera kwa amayi ake, woyimba piyano osaphunzira, ndipo kuyambira ali ndi zaka zisanu, atasamukira ku California, adayamba kuphunzira kwambiri nyimbo mu studio ya Y. Satro- Sailer. Pofika zaka 12, mnyamatayo adayamba kusewera ndi gulu la oimba - adasewera Beethoven's Third Concerto pansi pa ndodo ya Arthur Rodzinsky. Paupangiri wa womalizayo, makolo a Eugene adapita naye ku New York mu 1931 kuti ayese kumulembetsa ku Sukulu ya Juilliard. Panjira, tinayima mwachidule ku Philadelphia ndipo tinapeza kuti mpikisano wa oimba piyano watsala pang'ono kuyamba kumeneko, wopambana yemwe adzalandira ufulu wophunzira ndi mphunzitsi wotchuka O. Samarova. Yuzhin ankaimba, kenako anapitiriza ulendo wake ku New York. Ndipo pokhapo adalandira chidziwitso kuti wapambana. Kwa zaka zingapo anaphunzira ndi Samarova, choyamba ku Philadelphia, kenako ku New York, kumene anasamukira ndi mphunzitsi wake. Zaka zimenezi zinam’patsa zambiri mnyamatayo, anapita patsogolo kwambiri, ndipo mu 1934 ngozi ina yosangalatsa inali kumuyembekezera. Monga wophunzira wabwino kwambiri, adalandira ufulu wochita ndi Philadelphia Orchestra, yomwe inatsogoleredwa ndi L. Stokowski. Poyamba, pulogalamuyo inaphatikizapo konsati ya Schumann, koma tsiku lomwelo lisanafike, Stokowski analandira kuchokera ku USSR nyimbo za nyimbo za Young Shostakovich's First Piano Concerto ndipo anali wofunitsitsa kudziwitsa omvera. Anapempha Liszt kuti aphunzire ntchitoyi, ndipo anali pamwamba: masewerowa anali opambana kwambiri. Zisudzo m'mizinda ina ya dziko zinatsatira, mu December wa 1935 yemweyo, Eugene List anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake ndi konsati Shostakovich ku New York; nthawi iyi yochitidwa ndi Otto Klemperer. Pambuyo pake, impresario Arthur Jowson anagwira ntchito zina za wojambulayo, ndipo posakhalitsa anadziwika kwambiri m'dziko lonselo.

Pamene adamaliza maphunziro ake ku Sukulu ya Juilliard, Mndandanda wa Eugene unali kale ndi mbiri yabwino pakati pa okonda nyimbo za ku America. Koma mu 1942 anadzipereka ku ntchito ya usilikali ndipo atatha miyezi ingapo ataphunzitsidwa anadzakhala msilikali. Zowona, ndiye adatumizidwa ku "gulu lachisangalalo", ndipo adayenda kuchokera ku unit kupita ku unit, akusewera piyano yoikidwa kumbuyo kwa galimoto. Izi zinapitirira mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo, mpaka zochitika zomwe zafotokozedwa kale m'chilimwe cha 1945. Posakhalitsa pambuyo pake, Mndandanda unachotsedwa. Zinkawoneka kuti chiyembekezo chowala chinatseguka pamaso pake, makamaka popeza kutsatsa kwake kunali kwabwino kwambiri - ngakhale ndi miyezo yaku America. Atabwerera kudziko lakwawo, anaitanidwa kukaseŵera ku White House, ndipo pambuyo pake magazini ya Time inamutcha “woimba piyano wa pulezidenti wosavomerezeka wa bwalo lamilandu.”

Mwambiri, zonse zidayenda bwino. Mu 1946, Liszt, pamodzi ndi mkazi wake, woyimba zeze Carol Glen, anachita pa Prague Spring Chikondwerero choyamba, iye anapereka zoimbaimba ambiri ndi kuchita mafilimu. Koma pang’onopang’ono zinaonekeratu kuti ziyembekezo zoikidwa pa iye ndi odziŵa zinthu ndi osilira sizinali zolungamitsidwa kotheratu. Kukula kwa talente kwatsika momveka bwino; woimba piyano analibe umunthu wowala, kusewera kwake kunalibe kukhazikika, ndipo kunali kopanda sikelo. Ndipo pang'onopang'ono, ojambula ena owoneka bwino adakankhira Liszt kumbuyo. Kukankhidwira mmbuyo - koma osaphimbidwa kwathunthu. Iye anapitiriza mwakhama kupereka zoimbaimba, anapeza ake, poyamba "namwali" zigawo za limba nyimbo, imene anatha kusonyeza mbali zabwino za luso lake - kukongola kwa phokoso, improvisational ufulu kusewera, luso losatsutsika. Choncho, Liszt sanataye mtima, ngakhale kuti njira yake siinadzala ndi maluwa, imatsimikiziridwa ndi mfundo yodabwitsa yotereyi: kukondwerera chikumbutso cha 25 cha ntchito yake ya konsati, wojambulayo adapeza mwayi wopita pa siteji ku Carnegie Hall. .

American woimba nthawi zonse ankaimba kunja kwa dziko, iye ankadziwika mu Europe, kuphatikizapo mu USSR. Kuyambira 1962, mobwerezabwereza wakhala membala wa oweruza a mpikisano Tchaikovsky, anachita mu Moscow, Leningrad ndi mizinda ina, olembedwa mbiri. Kujambula kwa ma concerto onse a D. Shostakovich, omwe adapangidwa ndi iye mu 1974 ku Moscow, ndi chimodzi mwazopambana kwambiri za wojambula. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zofooka za Mndandanda wa Eugene sizinathawe kutsutsidwa kwa Soviet. Kalelo mu 1964, paulendo wake woyamba, M. Smirnov ananena “zosaoneka bwino, zosaoneka bwino za kaganizidwe ka woimba. Zolinga zake zogwirira ntchito ndizodziwika kwanthawi yayitali ndipo, mwatsoka, osati malingaliro osangalatsa kwambiri. "

Nyimbo za Liszt zinali zosiyana kwambiri. Pamodzi ndi miyambo ya "standard" ya zolemba zachikondi - concertos, sonatas ndi masewero a Beethoven, Brahms, Schumann, Chopin - malo ofunika kwambiri mu mapulogalamu ake adagwidwa ndi nyimbo za ku Russia, ndipo koposa zonse Tchaikovsky, ndi olemba Soviet. - Shostakovich. Liszt anachita zambiri kuti akope chidwi cha omvera ku zitsanzo zoyambirira za nyimbo za piyano za ku America - ntchito za woyambitsa wake Alexander Reingal komanso makamaka chikondi choyamba cha ku America Louis Moreau Gottschalk, yemwe nyimbo yake adayimba ndi malingaliro obisika a kalembedwe ndi nthawi. Anajambula ndipo nthawi zambiri ankachita ntchito zonse za piano za Gershwin ndi Concerto Yachiwiri ya McDowell, adatha kutsitsimula mapulogalamu ake ndi zolemba zazing'ono za olemba akale monga K. Graun's Gigue kapena L. Dakan, ndipo pamodzi ndi uyu anali woyamba woimba angapo ntchito ndi olemba amakono. : Concert by C. Chavez, songs by E. Vila Lobos, A. Fuleihan, A. Barro, E. Laderman. Pomaliza, pamodzi ndi mkazi wake Y. Liszt anachita ntchito zambiri zofunika kwa violin ndi piyano, kuphatikizapo kale osadziwika Sonata ndi Franz Liszt pa Mutu wa Chopin.

Zinali nzeru zamtundu uwu, kuphatikizapo erudition yapamwamba, zomwe zinathandiza wojambulayo kukhalabe pamwamba pa moyo wa konsati, kutenga malo ake, ngakhale odzichepetsa, koma odziwika bwino. Malo amene magazini ya Chipolishi yotchedwa Rukh Muzychny analongosola zaka zingapo zapitazo motere: “Woyimba piyano wa ku America Eugene List ndi wojambula wosangalatsa kwambiri. Masewera ake ndi osagwirizana, malingaliro ake amatha kusintha; iye ndi woyambirira pang'ono (makamaka nthawi yathu), amadziwa kusangalatsa womvera ndi luso lapadera komanso chithumwa chachikale, akhoza nthawi yomweyo, popanda chifukwa, kusewera chinthu chachilendo, kusokoneza chinachake, kuiwala. chinachake, kapena kungolengeza, kuti analibe nthawi yokonzekera ntchito yomwe inalonjezedwa m’programuyo ndipo adzachitapo kanthu kena. Komabe, izi zilinso ndi chithumwa chake ... ". Chifukwa chake, misonkhano yokhala ndi luso la Eugene List nthawi zonse idabweretsa chidziwitso chosangalatsa chaluso kwa omvera mu mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri. Ntchito yophunzitsa ya Liszt inali yongopeka: mu 1964-1975 adaphunzitsa ku Eastman School of Music, komanso zaka zaposachedwa ku New York University.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.