Lev Nikolaevich Oborin |

Lev Oborin

Lev Nikolaevich Oborin anali wojambula woyamba wa Soviet kuti apambane chigonjetso choyamba m'mbiri ya luso loimba nyimbo za Soviet pa mpikisano wapadziko lonse (Warsaw, 1927, Chopin Competition). Masiku ano, pamene opambana a zikondwerero zosiyanasiyana zoimba akuyenda, pamene mayina atsopano ndi nkhope zawo zimawonekera, omwe "palibe manambala", n'zovuta kuyamikira zomwe Oborin anachita zaka 85 zapitazo. Chinali chigonjetso, kumverera, kuchita bwino. Otulukira nthawi zonse amakhala atazunguliridwa ndi ulemu - mu kufufuza mlengalenga, mu sayansi, m'zochitika za anthu; Oborin anatsegula msewu umene J. Flier, E. Gilels, J. Zak ndi ena ambiri anatsatira mwanzeru. Kupambana mphoto yoyamba mu mpikisano wolenga kwambiri kumakhala kovuta nthawi zonse; mu 1927, mu chikhalidwe cha chifuno chimene chinafala mu bourgeois Poland poyerekezera ndi amisiri Soviet, Oborin anali kawiri, katatu zovuta. Sanakhale ndi ngongole chifukwa cha chigonjetso kapena china chake - anali ndi ngongole kwa iye yekha, chifukwa cha luso lake lalikulu komanso lokongola kwambiri.

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Oborin anabadwira ku Moscow, m'banja la injiniya wa njanji. mayi wa mnyamata, Nina Viktorovna, ankakonda kucheza limba, ndi bambo ake, Nikolai Nikolaevich, anali wokonda nyimbo kwambiri. Nthawi ndi nthawi, ma concert impromptu anakonza pa Oborins: mmodzi wa alendo anaimba kapena kusewera, Nikolai Nikolaevich mu nkhani zimenezi mofunitsitsa anachita monga woperekeza.

Mphunzitsi woyamba wa limba m'tsogolo anali Elena Fabianovna Gnesina, odziwika bwino mu mabwalo nyimbo. Kenako, pa Conservatory Oborin anaphunzira ndi Konstantin Nikolaevich Igumnov. Zinali zakuya, zovuta, zachilendo. Mwanjira ina, ndi yapadera. Ndikuganiza kuti kuyesa kuzindikiritsa zaluso za Igumnov mothandizidwa ndi mawu amodzi kapena awiri kapena matanthauzidwe - kaya "wolemba nyimbo" kapena china chamtundu womwewo - nthawi zambiri salephera. (Ndipo achinyamata a Conservatory, omwe amadziwa Igumnov kokha kuchokera ku zojambulidwa imodzi komanso kuchokera ku maumboni apakamwa pawokha, nthawi zina amatengera matanthauzo otere.)

Kunena zoona, - anapitiriza nkhani ya mphunzitsi wake Oborin - Igumnov sanali nthawi zonse ngakhale, monga woimba piyano. Mwina koposa zonse ankasewera kunyumba, gulu la okondedwa. Kumeneko, m’malo ozoloŵereka, omasuka, iye anali womasuka ndi womasuka. Iye ankaimba nyimbo pa nthawi ngati zimenezi molimbikitsa, ndi chidwi chenicheni. Kuphatikiza apo, kunyumba, pa chida chake, zonse "zinatuluka" kwa iye. Mu Conservatory, m'kalasi, kumene nthawi zina anthu ambiri anasonkhana (ophunzira, alendo ...), iye "anapuma" pa limba salinso momasuka. Anasewera apa kwambiri, ngakhale, kunena zoona, sikuti nthawi zonse komanso nthawi zonse amapambana muzonse mofanana. Igumnov ankakonda kusonyeza ntchito anaphunzira ndi wophunzira osati kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto, koma m'zigawo, zidutswa (amene anali ntchito panopa). Ponena za zolankhula zake kwa anthu wamba, sikunali kotheka kudziwiratu zomwe zidzachitike.

Panali zodabwitsa, zosaiŵalika clavirabends, spiritualized kuyambira woyamba mpaka cholemba chomaliza, chodziwika ndi wochenjera malowedwe mu moyo wa nyimbo. Ndipo pamodzi nawo panali zisudzo zosiyana. Chilichonse chinadalira mphindi, pamaganizo, ngati Konstantin Nikolaevich anatha kulamulira mitsempha yake, kuthetsa chisangalalo chake.

Kulumikizana ndi Igumnov kunatanthauza zambiri mu moyo wa kulenga wa Oborin. Koma osati iwo okha. Woimba wachinyamatayo anali, monga amanenera, "mwayi" ndi aphunzitsi. Ena mwa alangizi ake a Conservatory anali Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky, yemwe mnyamatayo adatenga maphunziro a nyimbo. Oborin sanafunikire kukhala katswiri wopeka nyimbo; moyo wapambuyo pake sunamusiyire mwayi wotero. Komabe, maphunziro opanga pa nthawi yophunzira adapatsa woimba piyano wotchuka kwambiri - adatsindika izi kangapo. "Moyo wakhala motere," adatero, kuti pamapeto pake ndinakhala wojambula ndi mphunzitsi, osati wolemba nyimbo. Komabe, tsopano ndikuukitsa zaka zanga zazing'ono m'chikumbukiro changa, nthawi zambiri ndimadzifunsa kuti zoyesayesa zolemba izi zinali zothandiza komanso zothandiza bwanji kwa ine. Mfundoyi sikuti ndi "kuyesa" pa kiyibodi, ndinakulitsa kumvetsetsa kwanga kwa limba la piyano, koma popanga ndikuchita zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana ndekha, makamaka, ndinapita patsogolo ngati woyimba piyano. Mwa njira, ndinayenera kuphunzira kwambiri - kuti ndisaphunzire masewero anga, monga Rachmaninov, mwachitsanzo, sanawaphunzitse, sindinathe ...

Ndipo komabe chinthu chachikulu ndi chosiyana. Pamene, ndikuyika pambali zolemba zanga zanga, ndinatenga nyimbo za anthu ena, ntchito za olemba ena, mawonekedwe ndi mapangidwe a ntchitozi, kapangidwe kake ka mkati ndi dongosolo lenileni la zinthu zomveka zinakhala zomveka bwino kwa ine. Ndinazindikira kuti ndiye ndinayamba kufufuza tanthauzo la kusinthika kwa mawu omveka-harmonic, malingaliro a chitukuko cha malingaliro a nyimbo, ndi zina zotero m'njira yowonjezereka. kupanga nyimbo kunandipatsa ine, woyimba, ntchito zamtengo wapatali.

Chochitika chimodzi chochititsa chidwi cha moyo wanga nthawi zambiri chimabwera m'maganizo mwanga," Oborin anamaliza kukambirana za ubwino woimbira oimba. "Mwanjira ina mu thirties oyambirira ndinaitanidwa kukaona Alexei Maksimovich Gorky. Ndiyenera kunena kuti Gorky ankakonda kwambiri nyimbo ndipo ankazimva mobisa. Mwachibadwa, pa pempho la mwiniwake, ndinayenera kukhala pansi pa chida. Kenako ndinasewera kwambiri ndipo, zikuwoneka, ndi chidwi chachikulu. Aleksey Maksimovich anamvetsera mwachidwi, akutsamira chibwano chake pachikhatho cha dzanja lake ndipo samandichotsera maso ake anzeru ndi okoma mtima. Mosayembekezeka, iye anafunsa kuti: “Tandiuza, Lev Nikolaevich, nchifukwa ninji sumadzipeka wekha nyimbo?” Ayi, ndimayankha, ndinali kuzikonda, koma tsopano ndilibe nthawi - kuyenda, zoimbaimba, ophunzira ... "Ndi zachisoni, ndizomvetsa chisoni," akutero Gorky, "ngati mphatso ya wolemba nyimbo ndi yobadwa kale. mwa inu mwachilengedwe, ziyenera kutetezedwa - ndi mtengo waukulu. Inde, ndipo mukuchita, mwina, zingakuthandizeni kwambiri ... "Ndikukumbukira kuti ine, woimba wachinyamata, ndinakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mawu awa. Osanena chilichonse - mwanzeru! Iye, munthu wotalikirana ndi nyimbo, mwachangu komanso molondola adamvetsetsa tanthauzo la vutoli - woyimba-wopeka".

Msonkhano ndi Gorky unali umodzi wokha pamisonkhano yambiri yosangalatsa komanso mabwenzi omwe adakumana ndi Oborin mzaka za XNUMX ndi XNUMX. Pa nthawi imeneyo anali kukhudzana kwambiri ndi Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Shebalin, Khachaturian, Sofronitsky, Kozlovsky. Anali pafupi ndi dziko la zisudzo - ku Meyerhold, ku "MKhAT", makamaka ku Moskvin; Ndi anthu ena amene tawatchula pamwambapa, anali pa ubwenzi wolimba. Pambuyo pake, Oborin akakhala mbuye wodziwika bwino, kutsutsa kumalemba mosilira za chikhalidwe chamkati, nthawi zonse chibadidwe mu masewera ake, kuti mwa iye mukhoza kumva chithumwa cha nzeru m'moyo ndi pa siteji. Oborin anali ndi ngongole iyi kwa unyamata wake wopangidwa mwachimwemwe: banja, aphunzitsi, ophunzira anzake; kamodzi m’kukambitsirana, iye ananena kuti anali ndi “malo abwino kwambiri opatsa thanzi” m’zaka zake zaunyamata.

Mu 1926, Oborin anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Moscow Conservatory. Dzina lake linalembedwa ndi golidi pa Bwalo Lolemekezeka la nsangalabwi lodziwika bwino lomwe limakongoletsa bwalo la Nyumba Yaing'ono ya Conservatory. Izi zinachitika m'chaka, ndipo mu December chaka chomwecho, chowonetseratu cha Mpikisano Woyamba wa International Chopin Piano ku Warsaw unalandiridwa ku Moscow. Oimba ochokera ku USSR adaitanidwa. Vuto linali loti panalibe nthawi yokwanira yokonzekera mpikisanowo. "Milungu itatu isanayambe mpikisano, Igumnov anandiwonetsa pulogalamu ya mpikisano," Oborin anakumbukira pambuyo pake. "Repertoire yanga idaphatikizapo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a pulogalamu yovomerezeka ya mpikisano. Kuphunzitsidwa m’mikhalidwe yoteroyo kunkaoneka ngati kopanda phindu.” Komabe, iye anayamba kukonzekera: Igumnov anaumirira ndi mmodzi wa oimba olemekezeka kwambiri nthawi imeneyo, Bl Yavorsky, amene maganizo Oborin ankaona kuti digiri yapamwamba. "Ngati mukufunadi, ndiye kuti mutha kuyankhula," Yavorsky adauza Oborin. Ndipo adakhulupirira.

Ku Warsaw, Oborin adadziwonetsa bwino kwambiri. Mogwirizana anapatsidwa mphoto yoyamba. Atolankhani akunja, osabisa kudabwa kwake (zinanenedwa kale pamwambapa: zinali 1927), adalankhula mokondwera za kuyimba kwa woimba waku Soviet. Wolemba nyimbo wotchuka wa ku Poland dzina lake Karol Szymanowski, popenda zimene Oborin anachita, ananena mawu amene manyuzipepala a m’mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi analambalala nthawi imodzi: “N’zodabwitsa! Sikulakwa kumupembedza, chifukwa amalenga Kukongola.

Kubwerera ku Warsaw, Oborin akuyamba yogwira konsati. Zikuwonjezeka: malo a maulendo ake akuwonjezeka, chiwerengero cha zisudzo chikuwonjezeka (zolembazo ziyenera kusiyidwa - palibe nthawi yokwanira kapena mphamvu). Oborin ntchito konsati anayamba makamaka ambiri pambuyo pa nkhondo: kuwonjezera pa Soviet Union, iye amasewera mu USA, France, Belgium, Great Britain, Japan, ndi mayiko ena ambiri. Ndi matenda okha omwe amasokoneza maulendo osayimitsa komanso othamanga.

… Iwo amene amakumbukira woyimba piyano pa nthawi ya thirties mogwirizana amalankhula za kukongola kosowa kwa kuyimba kwake - mwaluso, wodzala ndi kutsitsimuka kwa unyamata ndi kukhudzidwa mwachangu. NDI Kozlovsky, ponena za Oborin wachichepereyo, akulemba kuti anakantha ndi “nyimbo, chithumwa, kutentha kwaumunthu, mtundu wina wa kuwala.” Mawu oti "kunyezimira" amakopa chidwi apa: zofotokozera, zowoneka bwino komanso zophiphiritsa, zimathandiza kumvetsetsa zambiri pakuwoneka kwa woimba.

Ndipo winanso wachinyengo mmenemo - kuphweka. Mwinamwake sukulu ya Igumnov inali ndi zotsatirapo, mwinamwake mawonekedwe a chikhalidwe cha Oborin, mapangidwe a khalidwe lake (mwinamwake onse awiri), - analipo mwa iye yekha, monga wojambula, kumveka kodabwitsa, kupepuka, kukhulupirika, mgwirizano wamkati. Zimenezi zinachititsa chidwi anthu wamba, ndiponso anzake a woimba limba. Ku Oborin, woyimba piyano, adamva china chake chomwe chinabwerera ku miyambo yakutali ndi yaulemerero ya zojambulajambula zaku Russia - adatsimikizadi kwambiri mumayendedwe ake a konsati.

Malo akuluakulu mu mapulogalamu ake anali otanganidwa ndi ntchito za olemba Russian. Adasewera modabwitsa The Four Seasons, Dumka ndi Tchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto. Nthawi zambiri munthu amatha kumva Zithunzi za Mussorgsky pachiwonetsero, komanso ntchito za Rachmaninov - Concerto Yachiwiri ndi Yachitatu ya Piano, ma preludes, zithunzi za etudes, Musical Moments. Sitingathe kukumbukira, kukhudza mbali iyi ya nyimbo za Oborin, ndi machitidwe ake osangalatsa a "Little Suite" ya Borodin, Lyadov's Variations on a Theme yolembedwa ndi Glinka, Concerto for Piano ndi Orchestra, Op. 70 A. Rubinstein. Iye anali wojambula wa khola kwenikweni Russian - mu khalidwe lake, maonekedwe, maganizo, luso luso ndi zokonda. Zinali zosatheka kuti asamve zonsezi mu luso lake.

Ndipo wolemba winanso ayenera kutchulidwa polankhula za zolemba za Oborin - Chopin. Anaimba nyimbo zake kuyambira masitepe oyambirira pa siteji mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake; iye nthaŵi ina analemba m’ imodzi ya nkhani zake kuti: “Chimvero chachimwemwe chimene oimba piyano ali nacho Chopin sichindisiya konse.” Ndizovuta kukumbukira zonse zomwe Oborin adasewera mu mapulogalamu ake a Chopin - etudes, preludes, waltzes, nocturnes, mazurkas, sonatas, concertos ndi zina zambiri. Ndizovuta kuwerengera kuti adasewera, ndizovuta kwambiri kuti achite lero, as iye anachita izo. "Chopin chake - chowoneka bwino komanso chowala - mosagawanika adalanda omvera," J. Flier adasilira. Sizinangochitika mwangozi, kuti Oborin adapeza kupambana kwake koyamba komanso kopambana kwambiri m'moyo wake pa mpikisano woperekedwa kukumbukira wolemba wamkulu wa ku Poland.

… Mu 1953, sewero loyamba la duet Oborin - Oistrakh linachitika. Patapita zaka zingapo, atatu anabadwa: Oborin - Oistrakh - Knushevitsky. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Oborin wakhala akudziwika kwa dziko la nyimbo osati ngati soloist, komanso ngati wosewera mpira woyamba. Kuyambira ali wamng'ono ankakonda nyimbo za m'chipinda (ngakhale asanakumane ndi abwenzi ake amtsogolo, adasewera mu duet ndi D. Tsyganov, adachita pamodzi ndi Beethoven Quartet). Zowonadi, mbali zina za luso la Oborin - kuchita kusinthasintha, kukhudzika, kuthekera koyambitsa kulumikizana mwachangu, kusinthasintha kwamasinthidwe - zidamupangitsa kukhala membala wofunikira wa duets ndi trios. Pankhani ya Oborin, Oistrakh ndi Knushevitsky, panali nyimbo zambiri zomwe zinasinthidwanso ndi iwo - ntchito zachikale, okondana, olemba amakono. Ngati tilankhula za zomwe adachita pachimake, ndiye kuti sangalephere kutchula dzina la Rachmaninoff cello sonata lotanthauziridwa ndi Oborin ndi Knushevitsky, komanso ma sonata onse khumi a Beethoven a violin ndi limba, omwe adachita nthawi imodzi ndi Oborin ndi Oistrakh. Ma sonatas awa adachitidwa, makamaka, mu 1962 ku Paris, pomwe ojambula aku Soviet adaitanidwa ndi kampani yodziwika bwino yaku France. Pasanathe mwezi umodzi ndi theka, adajambula machitidwe awo pamarekodi, komanso - m'makonsati angapo - adamuwonetsa kwa anthu aku France. Inali nthawi yovuta kwa awiri otchukawa. Patapita nthawi, DF Oistrakh anati: “Tinalimbikira kwambiri ndipo sitinapite kulikonse. Kubwerera ku nyimbo za Beethoven, ndinafuna kuganiziranso za dongosolo lonse la sonatas kamodzinso (chomwe chiri chofunikira!) Koma n’zokayikitsa kuti omvera, atabwera kudzaimba nyimbo zathu, anasangalala kwambiri kuposa ifeyo. Tinkasangalala madzulo aliwonse tikamasewera ma sonatas kuchokera pa siteji, tinali okondwa kwambiri, kumvetsera nyimbo mu situdiyo mwakachetechete, momwe zinthu zonse zidapangidwira izi. "

Pamodzi ndi china chilichonse, Oborin adaphunzitsanso. Kuchokera mu 1931 mpaka masiku otsiriza a moyo wake, adatsogolera gulu la anthu ambiri ku Moscow Conservatory - adakweza ophunzira oposa khumi ndi awiri, omwe angatchulidwe oimba piyano ambiri otchuka. Monga ulamuliro, Oborin mwachangu anayendera: anapita ku mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya dziko, anakhala nthawi yaitali kunja. Izo zinachitika kuti misonkhano yake ndi ophunzira sanali kawirikawiri, osati mwadongosolo ndi wokhazikika. Izi, ndithudi, sizikanangosiya chizindikiro china pa makalasi a m'kalasi mwake. Apa munthu sanafunikire kudalira tsiku ndi tsiku, chisamaliro chisamaliro pedagogical; ku zinthu zambiri, “Oborints” anayenera kudzifufuza okha. Panali, mwachiwonekere, muzochitika zoterezo zamaphunziro onse ma pluses awo ndi minuses. Ndi za chinachake tsopano. Kukumana pafupipafupi ndi aphunzitsi mwanjira ina makamaka kuyamikiridwa kwambiri ziweto zake - ndicho chimene ine ndikufuna kutsindika. Iwo anali amtengo wapatali, mwinamwake, kuposa m'magulu a aphunzitsi ena (ngakhale kuti sanali ocheperapo komanso oyenerera, koma "apakhomo"). Maphunziro a msonkhano ndi Oborin anali chochitika; anawakonzera iwo ndi chisamaliro chapadera, anawayembekezera, izo zinachitika, pafupifupi ngati holide. N'zovuta kunena ngati panali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa wophunzira wa Lev Nikolayevich pochita, kunena kuti, mu Nyumba Yaikulu ya Conservatory pa madzulo aliwonse a wophunzira kapena kusewera chidutswa chatsopano kwa mphunzitsi wake, adaphunzira pamene palibe. Izi zinakulitsa kumverera Udindo pamaso pawonetsero m'kalasi anali ngati stimulant - wamphamvu ndi mwachindunji - m'makalasi ndi Oborin. Anatsimikiza zambiri mu psychology ndi ntchito yophunzitsa m'mabwalo ake, mu ubale wake ndi pulofesa.

Palibe kukayikira kuti chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe munthu angathe komanso ayenera kuweruza kupambana kwa kuphunzitsa ndikugwirizana nazo ulamuliro mphunzitsi, muyeso wa kutchuka kwake mwaukatswiri pamaso pa ophunzira, kuchuluka kwa chikoka chamalingaliro ndi kufuna kwa ana ake. Ulamuliro wa Oborin m’kalasimo unali waukulu mosatsutsika, ndipo chisonkhezero chake pa oimba piyano achichepere chinali champhamvu kwambiri; izi zokha zinali zokwanira kunena za iye ngati munthu wamkulu wophunzitsa. Anthu omwe amalankhulana naye kwambiri amakumbukira kuti mawu ochepa omwe Lev Nikolaevich adataya nthawi zina amakhala olemera komanso ofunikira kuposa mawu ena owoneka bwino komanso amaluwa.

Mawu ochepa, ayenera kunenedwa, anali okonda kwambiri Oborin kuposa ma monologue aatali ophunzitsa. M'malo mwake anali wotseka pang'ono kuposa kukhala wochezeka kwambiri, nthawi zonse anali wokoma mtima, wotopa ndi mawu. Mitundu yonse ya zolembera zolemba, zofananira ndi zofanana, kufananitsa kokongola ndi mafanizo andakatulo - zonsezi zinali zosiyana ndi maphunziro ake osati lamulo. Polankhula za nyimbo yokha - mawonekedwe ake, zithunzi, malingaliro ndi luso - anali wachidule, wolondola komanso wokhwima m'mawu ake. Panalibe chilichonse chowonjezera, chosankha, chotsogolera m'mawu ake. Pali kulankhula kwapadera kwapadera: kungonena zomwe zili zoyenera, ndipo palibenso china; m’lingaliro limeneli, Oborin analidi wolankhula.

Lev Nikolaevich makamaka mwachidule pa rehearsals, tsiku limodzi kapena awiri pamaso pa sewerolo, wophunzira amene akubwera kalasi yake. “Ndiwopa kusokoneza wophunzira,” iye ananenapo nthaŵi ina, “m’njira ina yake kuti ndigwedeze chikhulupiriro chake pa lingaliro lokhazikika, ndikuwopa “ kuwopseza” kumverera kosangalatsa. M'malingaliro anga, ndibwino kuti mphunzitsi asanayambe konsati kuti asaphunzitse, osati kulangiza woimba wachinyamata mobwerezabwereza, koma kungomuthandiza, kumusangalatsa ... "

Mphindi ina yodziwika. Malangizo ndi zofotokozera za Oborin, zomwe nthawi zonse zimakhala zenizeni komanso zomveka, nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ku zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zothandiza mbali mu pianism. Ndi machitidwe monga choncho. Momwe, mwachitsanzo, kusewera izi kapena malo ovutawo, kuwafewetsa momwe ndingathere, kuti zikhale zosavuta mwaukadaulo; ndi chala chanji chomwe chingakhale choyenera kwambiri pano; ndi malo otani a zala, manja ndi thupi zomwe zingakhale zabwino kwambiri komanso zoyenera; zomwe tactile sensations zingatsogolere ku phokoso lofunidwa, ndi zina zotero - mafunso awa ndi ofanana nthawi zambiri ankabwera patsogolo pa phunziro la Oborin, kutsimikizira kukhazikika kwake, "teknoloji" yolemera.

Zinali zofunikira kwambiri kwa ophunzira kuti zonse zomwe Oborin analankhula zinali "zoperekedwa" - monga mtundu wa golide - ndi luso lake lalikulu lakuchita, pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha zinsinsi zapamtima za "luso" la pianistic.

Kodi, tinene, kuchita bwanji nyimbo ndi chiyembekezo cha kulira kwake kwamtsogolo muholo ya konsati? Momwe mungakonzere kutulutsa mawu, nuance, pedalization, ndi zina zambiri pankhaniyi? Malangizo ndi malingaliro amtunduwu adachokera kwa mbuye, nthawi zambiri ndipo, chofunikira kwambiri, panokha amene anayesa zonse m’kuchita. Panali vuto pamene, pa imodzi mwa maphunziro omwe anachitika kunyumba ya Oborin, mmodzi wa ophunzira ake adasewera Chopin's First Ballade. "Chabwino, osati zoipa," anatero Lev Nikolaevich, atamvetsera ntchito kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto, monga mwachizolowezi. "Koma nyimboyi imamveka ngati chipinda, ndinganene kuti" ngati chipinda ". Ndipo mukupita kukayimba mu Holo Yaing'ono… Kodi munayiwala zimenezo? Chonde yambaninso ndikuganiziranso izi. ”…

Nkhaniyi imabweretsa m'maganizo, mwa njira, imodzi mwa malangizo a Oborin, omwe adabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza kwa ophunzira ake: woimba piyano yemwe akusewera kuchokera pa siteji ayenera kukhala ndi "chidzudzulo" chomveka bwino, chomveka, chomveka bwino - "choyikidwa bwino," monga Lev Nikolayevich anaika pa imodzi mwa makalasi. Ndipo chifukwa chake: "Zowonjezera, zokulirapo, zotsimikizika," nthawi zambiri ankafuna poyeserera. “Wokamba nkhani pampando amalankhula mosiyana ndi wolankhula naye maso ndi maso. N'chimodzimodzinso kwa woimba piyano wa konsati akusewera pagulu. Holo yonse iyenera kumva, osati mizere yoyamba ya makola.

Mwina chida champhamvu kwambiri mu zida za Oborin mphunzitsi wakhala kalekale bwanji (chithunzi) pa chida; m'zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa cha matenda Lev Nikolaevich anayamba kuyandikira limba kawirikawiri. Ponena za "ntchito" yake yoyamba, ponena za mphamvu zake, njira yowonetsera, wina anganene kuti, yopambana poyerekeza ndi kufotokozera mawu. Ndipo sichoncho kuti chiwonetsero chapadera pa kiyibodi cha njira imodzi yochitira chinathandizira "Oborints" pantchito yawo yomveka, njira, mayendedwe, ndi zina zotero. Ziwonetsero-zitsanzo za mphunzitsi, chitsanzo chamoyo ndi chapafupi cha machitidwe ake - zonsezi zimatengedwa ndi chinthu chinanso chokulirapo. Kusewera Lev Nikolaevich pa chida chachiwiri louziridwa nyimbo achinyamata, anatsegula latsopano, m'zigawo zingapo zosadziwika kale ndi maganizo mu piyano, anawalola kupuma mu fungo losangalatsa la siteji yaikulu konsati. Masewerawa nthawi zina amadzuka mofanana ndi "nsanje yoyera": pambuyo pake, zimakhala choncho as и kuti zitha kuchitika pa piyano… Kale zinkakhala kuti kuwonetsa ntchito imodzi kapena ina pa piano ya Oborinsky kumabweretsa kumveka bwino pazovuta kwambiri kuti wophunzira achite, kudula “mfundo za Gordian” zovuta kwambiri. M'makumbukiro a Leopold Auer onena za mphunzitsi wake, wodabwitsa wa violinist waku Hungary J. Joachim, pali mizere: so!" limodzi ndi kumwetulira kolimbikitsa.” (Auer L. Sukulu yanga yoimba violin. - M., 1965. S. 38-39.). Zithunzi zofananazi nthawi zambiri zinkachitika m'kalasi ya Oborinsky. Nkhani ina yovuta kwambiri ya limba idaseweredwa, "mulingo" udawonetsedwa - kenako chidule cha mawu awiri kapena atatu chidawonjezedwa: "M'malingaliro anga, kotero ..."

… Ndiye, kodi Oborin anaphunzitsa chiyani pamapeto pake? Kodi “chikhulupiriro” chake cha kuphunzitsa chinali chiyani? Kodi cholinga chake cha kulenga chinali chiyani?

Oborin anayambitsa ophunzira ake kufalitsa zoona, zenizeni, zokhutiritsa zamaganizo za nyimbo zophiphiritsira ndi ndakatulo; uyu anali alfa ndi omega wa chiphunzitso chake. Lev Nikolayevich adatha kulankhula za zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'maphunziro ake, koma zonsezi zidatsogolera ku chinthu chimodzi: kuthandiza wophunzira kumvetsetsa zamkati mwa cholinga cha wopeka, kuzindikira ndi malingaliro ndi mtima wake, kulowa "kulemba nawo limodzi". ” ndi woyambitsa nyimbo, kuti asonyeze malingaliro ake motsimikiza ndi mokopa. "Pamene woimbayo amamvetsetsa bwino wolembayo, amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu kuti m'tsogolomu adzakhulupirira woimbayo yekha," mobwerezabwereza anafotokoza maganizo ake, nthawi zina amasinthasintha mawu a lingaliro ili, koma osati tanthauzo lake.

Chabwino, kumvetsetsa wolemba - ndipo apa Lev Nikolayevich analankhula mogwirizana ndi sukulu yomwe inamulera, pamodzi ndi Igumnov - anatanthawuza m'kalasi ya Oborinsky kuti afotokoze malemba a ntchitoyo mosamala momwe angathere, "kuthera" kwathunthu ndi kuti pansi, kuwulula osati chinthu chachikulu mu zolemba zanyimbo, komanso ma nuances obisika kwambiri a lingaliro la wolemba, wokhazikika mmenemo. "Nyimbo, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro pamapepala a nyimbo, ndizokongola zogona, zimafunikirabe kusokonezedwa," adatero m'gulu la ophunzira. Ponena za kulondola kwa malemba, zofunikira za Lev Nikolayevich kwa ophunzira ake zinali zovuta kwambiri, osanena kuti zoyenda pansi: palibe chofanana mu masewerawa, chomwe chinachitidwa mofulumira, "kawirikawiri", popanda kukwanira bwino ndi kulondola, chinakhululukidwa. “Wosewera bwino kwambiri ndi amene amalankhula momveka bwino komanso momveka bwino,” mawu amenewa (akuti analembedwa ndi L. Godovsky) angakhale chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri pa maphunziro ambiri a Oborin. Machimo aliwonse otsutsana ndi wolemba - osati pa mzimu wokha, komanso motsutsana ndi zilembo za ntchito zotanthauziridwa - adawonedwa pano ngati chinthu chodabwitsa, monga machitidwe oyipa a wochita. Ndi maonekedwe ake onse Lev Nikolaevich anasonyeza kuipidwa kwambiri pazimenezi ...

Palibe ngakhale tsatanetsatane wowoneka ngati waung'ono, palibe mau amodzi obisika, mawu osamveka bwino, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zidapulumuka diso lake laukadaulo. Onetsani ndi chidwi chongomva onse и onse mu ntchito yotanthauziridwa, Oborin anaphunzitsa, chenichenicho ndi "kuzindikira", kumvetsetsa ntchito yoperekedwa. “Kwa woyimba akumva - amatanthauza kumvetsa", - adalowa m'modzi mwa maphunziro.

Palibe kukayika kuti adayamikira mawonetseredwe aumwini ndi kudziimira payekha mwa oimba piyano aang'ono, koma kokha momwe makhalidwe awa adathandizira kuti azindikire. zolinga zokhazikika nyimbo.

Choncho, zofunika Lev Nikolaevich kwa masewera a ophunzira anatsimikiza. Woimba wokhwima, wina anganene, purist kulawa, penapake wophunzira pa nthawi ya makumi asanu ndi sikisite, iye anatsutsa m'pang'ono pomwe kukakamiza subjectivist mu ntchito. Chilichonse chomwe chinali chogwira mtima kwambiri pakutanthauzira kwa anzake achichepere, omwe amati ndi zachilendo, zowopsya ndi zakunja, sizinali zopanda tsankho komanso zachangu. Choncho, kamodzi kulankhula za mavuto a luso zilandiridwenso, Oborin anakumbukira A. Kramskoy, kugwirizana naye kuti "chiyambi mu luso kuyambira masitepe oyambirira nthawi zonse penapake amakayikitsa ndipo m'malo limasonyeza kupapatiza ndi malire kuposa talente lonse ndi zosunthika. Chikhalidwe chakuya ndi chokhudzidwa pachiyambi sichingatengedwe kokha ndi chirichonse chomwe chinachitidwa bwino kale; zikhalidwe zotere zimatsanzira ”...

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, zomwe Oborin ankafuna kuchokera kwa ophunzira ake, kufuna kumva mu masewera awo, zikhoza kudziwika mwazinthu: zosavuta, zodzichepetsa, zachilengedwe, zowona mtima, ndakatulo. Kukwezedwa kwauzimu, kukokomeza pang'ono popanga nyimbo - zonsezi nthawi zambiri zimasokoneza Lev Nikolayevich. Iye mwiniyo, monga momwe ananenera, m'moyo ndi pa siteji, pa chida, anali woletsedwa, wokhazikika m'malingaliro; pafupifupi “digiri” yamalingaliro imodzimodziyo inamkopa m’kuimba kwa oimba piyano ena. (Mwanjira ina, atamvetsera sewero laukali la wojambula woyamba, adakumbukira mawu a Anton Rubinstein kuti sikuyenera kukhala ndi malingaliro ambiri, kumverera kungakhale pang'onopang'ono; ngati pali zambiri, ndiye ndi zabodza ...) Kusasinthasintha ndi kulondola mu maonekedwe a maganizo , mgwirizano wamkati mwa ndakatulo, ungwiro wa kuphedwa kwa luso, kulondola kwa stylistic, kukhwima ndi kuyera - izi ndi makhalidwe ena ofanana nawo anadzutsa machitidwe ovomerezeka a Oborin mosasintha.

Zomwe anakulitsa m'kalasi mwake zingatanthauzidwe kukhala maphunziro apamwamba ndi ochenjera oimba, ophunzitsa makhalidwe abwino mwa ophunzira ake. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, Oborin anapitirizabe kutsimikizira kuti “mphunzitsi, mosasamala kanthu za chidziŵitso chake ndi chizoloŵezi chake, sangapangitse wophunzira kukhala waluso kuposa mmene alili mwachibadwa. Sizigwira ntchito, ziribe kanthu zomwe zichitike pano, ziribe kanthu zachinyengo zamaphunziro zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Woimba wachinyamatayo ali ndi talente yeniyeni - posachedwa idzadziwika, idzaphulika; ayi, palibe chothandizira apa. Ndi nkhani ina yomwe nthawi zonse imakhala yofunikira kuyala maziko olimba aukadaulo pansi pa talente yachinyamata, mosasamala kanthu kuti imayeza bwanji; muphunzitseni za makhalidwe abwino mu nyimbo (ndipo mwina osati mu nyimbo zokha). Pali kale ntchito yachindunji ndi ntchito ya mphunzitsi.

Pakuwona zinthu zotere, panali nzeru zazikulu, kuzindikira modekha ndi kuzindikira zomwe mphunzitsi angachite ndi zomwe sangathe kuzilamulira ...

Oborin adatumikira kwa zaka zambiri monga chitsanzo cholimbikitsa, chitsanzo chapamwamba cha zojambulajambula kwa anzake aang'ono. Anaphunzira kuchokera ku luso lake, kumutsanzira. Tiyeni tibwerezenso kuti, kupambana kwake ku Warsaw kunasonkhezera ambiri amene pambuyo pake anamtsatira. N'zokayikitsa kuti Oborin akadakhala ndi gawo lotsogolera, lofunika kwambiri pa piano ya Soviet, ngati si chifukwa cha chithumwa chake, makhalidwe ake aumunthu.

Izi nthawi zonse zimapatsidwa kufunikira kwakukulu mumagulu a akatswiri; chifukwa chake, m'mbali zambiri, malingaliro a wojambulayo, komanso kumveka kwa anthu pazochitika zake. "Panalibe kutsutsana pakati pa Oborin wojambulayo ndi Oborin mwamunayo," analemba motero Ya. I. Zak, yemwe ankamudziwa bwino. “Anali wogwirizana kwambiri. Woona mtima m'zaluso, anali wowona mtima kwambiri m'moyo… Nthawi zonse anali wochezeka, wachifundo, wowona komanso wowona mtima. Anali mgwirizano wosowa wa mfundo zokometsera ndi zamakhalidwe abwino, chigwirizano cha luso lapamwamba komanso khalidwe lozama kwambiri. (Zak Ya. Talente yowala / / LN Oborin: Zolemba. Memoirs. - M., 1977. P. 121.).

G. Tsypin