Nyimbo zamadontho |

ku lat. punctum - dontho

Kusinthana kwa kugunda kwamphamvu kwataliko komanso kufupikitsa kugunda kofooka. Mafomu a P. zosiyanasiyana. Kutalikitsa kwa nthawi yamphamvu kumasonyezedwa powonjezera kadontho ku chachikulu. nthawi (zolemba), zomwe zimawonjezera kutalika kwake ndi theka, kapena mfundo ziwiri, zomwe zimawonjezera gawo lamphamvu ndi magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu a mainchesi ake. nthawi. Pankhaniyi, katchulidwe kamene kamagwera pa kugunda kolimba kumakhala kokulirapo. Nthawi zina, P. imagwiritsidwanso ntchito. ndi madontho 3. Nthawi zina kadontho kadzalowedwa m'malo ndi kupuma kofanana ndi kutalika kwake; Khalidwe la P.r. izi sizinatayike. Pali P. p., momwe nthawi yofooka imagawidwa kukhala zolemba zazifupi zingapo. R. amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yanyimbo, premier solemn, dance, ndi zina zam'manja.

Mpaka ser. Zaka za m'ma 18 muzolemba za nyimbo, chizindikiro chimodzi chokha chinalembedwa, koma ziwerengero zojambulidwa zinkachitidwa mwaufulu - mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha muses. sewero losonyeza mmenemo ndi zimakhudza (onani. Kukhudza chiphunzitso).

L. Beethoven. Sonata ya piyano No 5, gawo loyamba.

J. Haydn. 2 "London" symphony, mawu oyamba.

F. Chopin. Polonaise kwa fp. op. 40 n1.

Nthawi zambiri, makamaka m'zidutswa zapang'onopang'ono, ziwerengero zopumira, zosiyana ndi nyimbo zawo zoimbira, zinali zosongoka, ndipo kupuma kosasonyezedwa m'zolembazo kukhoza kuikidwa pakati pa cholemba chachitali ndi chachifupi; chithunzicho chinasandulika kapena ndi zina. Pa chikhalidwe chojambulira m'mbuyomu ziwerengero za P. r. kuchitira umboni nthawi zambiri pamene mawu awo afupiafupi ofananira adajambulidwa mosiyanasiyana. mawu oyimirira limodzi pamwamba pa zolemba zina za nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Koma ngakhale pamene zolemba zoterozo sizinalembedwe pansi pa zinzake, malinga ndi umboni wa oimba otchuka kwambiri akale, adaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo. kugwira ntchito (ndi kufupikitsa kwa phokoso lalifupi lalifupi). Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi DG Türk, mawuwa akanayenera kuchitidwa motere:

Mu masewero othamanga a polyphonic, zizindikiro zopumira, m'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri zimafewetsa, kotero kuti chiwerengerocho chinasandulika kukhala . Mu nyimbo zoyambirira, pali nthawi pamene phokoso lomaliza la katatu mu liwu limodzi likugwirizana ndi phokoso lomaliza la chiwerengero cholembera china.

F. Chopin. Kuyamba kwa fp. op. 28 n9.

M'nthawi zotsatila, makamaka mu nthawi ya chikondi, "zoyenera" kwa wina ndi mzake nthawi imodzi. ziwerengero zamadontho zomveka zataya tanthauzo lake lakale; kusiyana kwenikweni pakati pa ziwerengero zoterezi kaŵirikaŵiri kumakhala mawu ofunika. zotsatira zoperekedwa ndi wolemba. Onaninso Rhythm.

Zothandizira: Turk DG, sukulu ya piyano, Lpz.-Halle, 1789, 1802, переизд. E. Р Якоби, в кн.: Documenta musicologica, vol. 1, TI 23, Kassel (ua), 1962; Ваbitz S., Vuto la rhythm mu nyimbo za Baroque, "MQ", 1952, vol. 38, Na. 4; Harisch-Schneider E., Zokhudza kusintha kwa ma semiquavers kukhala ma triplets, «Mf», 1959, vol. 12, H. 1; Jaсkоbi EE, Nkhani pafunso loti «Mingono ya madontho motsutsana ndi atatu…», в ​​кн.: Bach yearbook, vol. 49, 1962; Neumann Fr., La note pointé et la soi-disant «Maniere française», «RM», 1965, vol. 51; Collins M., Kuchita kwa mapatatu m'zaka za zana la 17 ndi 18, "JAMS", 1966, v. 19

VA Vakhromeev