Martti Talvela (Martti Talvela) |

Martti Talvela

Finland yapatsa dziko lapansi oimba ndi oimba ambiri, kuyambira Aino Akte wodziwika bwino mpaka nyenyezi Karita Mattila. Koma woimba wa ku Finnish ndi woyamba komanso woimba bass, miyambo ya ku Finnish yoimba kuchokera ku Kim Borg imaperekedwa ku mibadwomibadwo ndi mabasi. Polimbana ndi Mediterranean "ma tenor atatu", Holland adayika ma countertenors atatu, Finland - mabasi atatu: Matti Salminen, Jaakko Ryuhanen ndi Johan Tilly adalemba diski yofanana pamodzi. Mu mndandanda wa miyambo iyi, Martti Talvela ndiye ulalo wagolide.

Classical Finnish bass mu maonekedwe, mtundu wa mawu, repertoire, lero, zaka khumi ndi ziwiri pambuyo pa imfa yake, iye ali kale nthano ya Finnish opera.

Martti Olavi Talvela anabadwa pa February 4, 1935 ku Karelia, ku Hiitol. Koma banja lake sanakhale kumeneko kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chifukwa cha "nkhondo yachisanu" ya 1939-1940, gawo ili la Karelia linasanduka malo otsekedwa m'malire a Soviet Union. Woimbayo sanathenso kukaona malo ake, ngakhale anapita ku Russia kangapo. Mu Moscow, iye anamva mu 1976, pamene iye anachita mu konsati pa chikondwerero cha chikumbutso 200 wa Bolshoi Theatre. Kenako, patapita chaka, iye anabwera kachiwiri, anaimba mu zisudzo wa mafumu awiri - Boris ndi Philip.

Ntchito yoyamba ya Talvela ndi mphunzitsi. Mwa chifuniro cha tsoka, iye analandira dipuloma mphunzitsi mu mzinda wa Savonlinna, kumene m'tsogolo anayenera kuimba kwambiri ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali kutsogolera waukulu Opera chikondwerero mu Scandinavia. Ntchito yake yoimba inayamba mu 1960 ndi kupambana pa mpikisano mumzinda wa Vasa. Atapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake mu Stockholm mu Stockholm monga Sparafucile, Talvela anaimba kumeneko kwa zaka ziwiri ku Royal Opera, pamene anapitiriza maphunziro ake.

Ntchito yapadziko lonse ya Martti Talvela idayamba mwachangu - chimphona cha ku Finnish nthawi yomweyo chidakhala chodziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 1962, adachita ku Bayreuth ngati Titurel - ndipo Bayreuth idakhala imodzi mwanyumba zake zazikulu zachilimwe. Mu 1963 anali Grand Inquisitor ku La Scala, mu 1965 anali Mfumu Heinrich ku Vienna Staatsoper, mu 19 anali Hunding ku Salzburg, mu 7 anali Grand Inquisitor ku Met. Kuyambira tsopano, kwa zaka zoposa makumi awiri, zisudzo zake zazikulu ndi Deutsche Oper ndi Metropolitan Opera, ndipo mbali zazikulu ndi Wagnerian mafumu Mark ndi Daland, Verdi a Philip ndi Fiesco, Mozart a Sarastro.

Talvela adayimba ndi okonda kondakitala onse a nthawi yake - ndi Karajan, Solti, Knappertsbusch, Levine, Abbado. Karl Böhm ayenera kusankhidwa makamaka - Talvela akhoza kutchedwa woyimba wa Böhm. Osati kokha chifukwa mabass aku Finnish nthawi zambiri ankaimba ndi Böhm ndipo adajambula naye nyimbo zabwino kwambiri za opera ndi oratorio: Fidelio ndi Gwyneth Jones, The Four Seasons ndi Gundula Janowitz, Don Giovanni ndi Fischer-Dieskau, Birgit Nilsson ndi Martina Arroyo, Rhine Gold Gold , Tristan und Isolde ndi Birgit Nilsson, Wolfgang Windgassen ndi Christa Ludwig. Oimba awiriwa ali pafupi kwambiri mumayendedwe awo, mtundu wa mawu, omwe adapeza kuphatikizika kwa mphamvu ndi kudziletsa, mtundu wina wa chilakolako chachibadwa cha classicism, chifukwa cha sewero logwirizana, lomwe aliyense anamanga yekha. gawo.

Zipambano zakunja za Talvela zidayankha kunyumba ndi zina zambiri kuposa kulemekeza munthu wamba. Kwa Finland, zaka zomwe Talvela adachita ndi zaka za "opera boom". Uku sikuli kokha kukula kwa kumvetsera ndi kuwonera pagulu, kubadwa kwa makampani ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono m'mizinda ndi matauni ambiri, kukula kwa sukulu ya mawu, kuyambika kwa mbadwo wonse wa okonda opera. Izinso ndi zokolola za olemba, omwe adziwika kale, akudziwonetsera okha. Mu 2000, m'dziko la anthu 5 miliyoni, maulendo 16 a masewera atsopano anachitika - chozizwitsa chomwe chimadzutsa kaduka. Zomwe zinachitika, Martti Talvela adagwira ntchito yaikulu - mwa chitsanzo chake, kutchuka kwake, ndondomeko yake yanzeru ku Savonlinna.

Chikondwerero cha opera cha chilimwe mu linga la Olavinlinna lazaka 500, lomwe lazunguliridwa ndi tawuni ya Savonlinna, linayambika mu 1907 ndi Aino Akte. Kuyambira pamenepo, idasokonezedwa, kenako idayambiranso, ikulimbana ndi mvula, mphepo (panalibe denga lodalirika pabwalo lachitetezo pomwe zisudzo zimachitikira mpaka chilimwe chatha) komanso mavuto azachuma osatha - sikophweka kusonkhanitsa omvera ambiri a opera. pakati pa nkhalango ndi nyanja. Talvela adatenga chikondwererochi mu 1972 ndikuwongolera kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Iyi inali nthawi yotsimikizika; Savonlinna wakhala opera mecca ku Scandinavia kuyambira pamenepo. Talvela adachitapo pano ngati wolemba sewero, adapatsa chikondwererochi kukhala chapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikuchiphatikiza m'masewera a opera padziko lonse lapansi. Zotsatira za ndondomekoyi ndi kutchuka kwa zisudzo mu linga lakutali kupitirira malire a Finland, kuchuluka kwa alendo odzaona malo, omwe lero akutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa chikondwererocho.

Ku Savonlinna, Talvela adayimba maudindo ake ambiri: Boris Godunov, mneneri Paavo mu Jonas Kokkonen's The Last Temptation. Ndipo gawo lina lodziwika bwino: Sarastro. Kupanga kwa The Magic Flute, komwe kunachitika ku Savonlinna mu 1973 ndi director August Everding ndi conductor Ulf Söderblom, kwakhala chimodzi mwazizindikiro za chikondwererochi. M'mabuku amasiku ano, The Flute ndiyo ntchito yolemekezeka kwambiri yomwe ikutsitsimutsidwabe (ngakhale kuti kupanga kawirikawiri kumakhala pano kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu). Talvela-Sarastro wowoneka bwino mu mwinjiro wa lalanje, wokhala ndi dzuwa pachifuwa chake, tsopano akuwoneka ngati kholo lodziwika bwino la Savonlinna, ndipo panthawiyo anali ndi zaka 38 (anayimba koyamba Titurel ali ndi zaka 27)! Kwa zaka zambiri, lingaliro la Talvel lapangidwa ngati chipilala chachikulu, chosasunthika, ngati chogwirizana ndi makoma ndi nsanja za Olavinlinna. Lingalirolo ndi labodza. Mwamwayi, pali mavidiyo a wojambula wosasunthika komanso wothamanga yemwe ali ndi zochitika zaposachedwa. Ndipo pali zojambulira zomwe zimapereka chithunzi chenicheni cha woimbayo, makamaka muzojambula za chipinda - Martti Talvela ankaimba nyimbo za m'chipinda osati nthawi ndi nthawi, pakati pa zisudzo, koma nthawi zonse, kupereka makonsati padziko lonse lapansi. Nyimbo zake zinaphatikizapo nyimbo za Sibelius, Brahms, Wolf, Mussorgsky, Rachmaninoff. Ndipo munayenera kuyimba bwanji kuti mugonjetse Vienna ndi nyimbo za Schubert pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1960? Mwinanso momwe adalembera pambuyo pake The Winter Journey ndi woyimba piyano Ralph Gotoni (1983). Talvela akuwonetsa apa kusinthasintha kwa kamvekedwe ka mphaka, kukhudzika kodabwitsa komanso kuthamanga kodabwitsa kochita ndi zing'onozing'ono za nyimbo. Ndi mphamvu zazikulu. Mukamvetsera nyimboyi, mumamva momwe amatsogolera woyimba piyano. Zomwe zimayambira kumbuyo kwake, kuwerenga, subtext, mawonekedwe ndi sewero zimachokera kwa iye, ndipo muzolemba zilizonse za kutanthauzira kosangalatsa kumeneku munthu amatha kumva luntha lanzeru lomwe lakhala likusiyanitsa Talvela.

Imodzi mwa zithunzi zabwino kwambiri za woimbayo ndi bwenzi lake ndi mnzake Yevgeny Nesterenko. Nthawi ina Nesterenko anali kuyendera bass ku Finnish m'nyumba yake ku Inkilyanhovi. Kumeneko, m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi, panali "nyumba yosambira yakuda", yomwe inamangidwa zaka 150 zapitazo: "Tinasambira madzi osambira, ndiye mwanjira ina mwachibadwa tinayamba kukambirana. Tikukhala pamiyala, amuna awiri amaliseche. Ndipo tikuyankhula. Za chiyani? Ndicho chinthu chachikulu! Martti akufunsa, mwachitsanzo, momwe ndimatanthauzira Shostakovich's Fourteenth Symphony. Ndipo apa pali Nyimbo za Mussorgsky ndi Zovina za Imfa: muli ndi zojambula ziwiri - yoyamba munachita motere, ndipo yachiwiri mwanjira ina. Bwanji, chimene chikufotokoza izo. Ndi zina zotero. Ndikuvomereza kuti m'moyo wanga sindinakhalepo ndi nthawi yolankhula za luso ndi oimba. Timalankhula za chirichonse, koma osati za mavuto a luso. Koma ndi Martti tinakambirana zambiri za luso! Komanso, sitinali kunena za momwe tingachitire zinthu mwaukadaulo, zabwino kapena zoyipa, koma zomwe zili. Umu ndi mmene tinakhalira titamaliza kusamba.”

Mwina ichi ndi chithunzi chojambulidwa bwino kwambiri - kukambirana za symphony ya Shostakovich mu bafa la Finnish. Chifukwa Martti Talvela, ndi mawonekedwe ake okulirapo komanso chikhalidwe chake chachikulu, pakuyimba kwake kuphatikiza kusamalitsa kwachijeremani pofotokozera lembalo ndi cantilena yaku Italy, adakhalabe wodabwitsa m'masewera a opera. Chithunzichi cha iye chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru mu "Kubedwa kwa Seraglio" motsogozedwa ndi August Everding, pomwe Talvela amaimba Osmina. Kodi Turkey ndi Karelia zikufanana bwanji? Zachilendo. Pali china chake choyambirira, champhamvu, chosasangalatsa komanso chovuta kwa Osmin Talvely, zomwe adachita ndi Blondchen ndizaluso kwambiri.

Izi zachilendo za Kumadzulo, chithunzi chankhanza, chotsagana ndi woimbayo, sichinathe kwa zaka zambiri. M'malo mwake, anaonekera momveka bwino, ndipo pafupi ndi udindo wa Wagnerian, Mozartian, Verdiian, udindo wa "Russian bass" unalimbikitsidwa. M'zaka za m'ma 1960 kapena 1970, Talvela ankamveka ku Metropolitan Opera pafupifupi nyimbo iliyonse: nthawi zina iye anali Grand Inquisitor ku Don Carlos pansi pa ndodo ya Abbado (Philippa anaimbidwa ndi Nikolai Gyaurov, ndipo nyimbo zawo za bass zidadziwika kuti ndizojambula. classic) , ndiye iye, pamodzi ndi Teresa Stratas ndi Nikolai Gedda, akupezeka mu The Bartered Bride motsogozedwa ndi Levine. Koma mu nyengo zinayi zapitazi, Talvela anabwera ku New York kokha maudindo atatu: Khovanshchina (ndi Neeme Jarvi), Parsifal (ndi Levine), Khovanshchina kachiwiri ndi Boris Godunov (ndi Conlon). Dositheus, Titurel ndi Boris. Zaka zoposa makumi awiri za mgwirizano ndi "Met" zimathera ndi maphwando awiri aku Russia.

Pa December 16, 1974, Talvela anaimba mopambana Boris Godunov pa Metropolitan Opera. Zisudzo ndiye anatembenukira kwa Mussorgsky koyambirira oimbidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba (Thomas Schippers anachita). Patatha zaka ziwiri, bukuli linalembedwa koyamba ku Katowice, loyendetsedwa ndi Jerzy Semkow. Atazunguliridwa ndi gulu la ku Poland, Martti Talvela anaimba Boris, Nikolai Gedda anaimba Pretender.

Cholembachi ndichosangalatsa kwambiri. Iwo abwerera kale motsimikiza komanso mosasinthika ku buku la wolemba, koma amaimbabe ndi kusewera ngati kuti mphambuyo inalembedwa ndi dzanja la Rimsky-Korsakov. Kwaya ndi okhestra zimamveka bwino kwambiri, zodzaza, zozungulira bwino kwambiri, cantilena imayimbidwa kwambiri, ndipo Semkov nthawi zambiri, makamaka muzithunzi za Chipolishi, amakoka chilichonse ndikukokera kunja kwa tempo. Ubwino wamaphunziro a "Central European" umawomba wina aliyense koma Martti Talvela. Akumanganso gawo lake, ngati wolemba masewero. M'malo ovekedwa, phokoso la regal bass - lakuya, lakuda, lowala. Ndipo pang'ono "mtundu wa dziko": pang'ono pang'onopang'ono mawu othamanga, m'mawu akuti "Ndipo kumeneko kuyitanira anthu kuphwando" - kulimba mtima kolimba. Koma kenako Talvela adasiyana ndi onse achifumu komanso molimba mtima mosavuta komanso popanda chisoni. Boris atangokumana maso ndi maso ndi Shuisky, machitidwe amasintha kwambiri. Iyi si "nkhani" ya Chaliapin, kuyimba kochititsa chidwi kwa Talvela - koma Sprechgesang. Talvela nthawi yomweyo akuyamba zochitika ndi Shuisky ndi mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri, osati kwa sekondi kufooketsa kutentha. Nanga n’ciani cidzacitika pambuyo pake? Komanso, pamene chimes ayamba kusewera, phantasmagoria wangwiro mu mzimu wa expressionism adzayamba, ndipo Jerzy Semkov, amene amasintha mosadziwika bwino pazithunzi ndi Talvela-Boris, adzatipatsa Mussorgsky wotere monga tikudziwira lero - popanda kukhudza pang'ono. pafupifupi maphunziro.

Pafupi ndi chochitika ichi ndi chochitika mu chipinda ndi Xenia ndi Theodore, ndi chochitika imfa (kachiwiri ndi Theodore), amene Talvela mwachilendo amabweretsa pamodzi ndi timbre mawu ake, kutentha kwapadera kwa phokoso, chinsinsi chake. anali mwini wake. Posankha ndikulumikizana wina ndi mnzake zithunzi zonse za Boris ndi ana, akuwoneka kuti amapatsa mfumuyo mikhalidwe ya umunthu wake. Ndipo pomalizira pake, amapereka nsembe kukongola ndi chidzalo chapamwamba "E" (chomwe anali nacho chinali chokongola, nthawi yomweyo chowala komanso chodzaza) chifukwa cha choonadi cha fano ... Inde, "Nkhani" za Wagner zimangoyang'ana - wina amakumbukira mosazindikira kuti Mussorgsky adasewera pamtima zomwe Wotan adatsanzikana ndi Brunnhilde.

Mwa oimba nyimbo zamasiku ano aku Western omwe amaimba nyimbo zambiri za Mussorgsky, Robert Hall mwina ali pafupi kwambiri ndi Talvela: chidwi chomwecho, cholinga chomwecho, kuyang'ana kwambiri m'mawu aliwonse, mphamvu yomweyo yomwe oimba onse amafufuza tanthauzo ndikusintha katchulidwe ka mawu. Luntha la Talvela linamukakamiza kuti afufuze chilichonse chokhudza gawolo.

Mabasi aku Russia akadali osachita kawirikawiri kumadzulo, Martti Talvela adawoneka kuti awalowa m'malo mwa zigawo zake zaku Russia. Anali ndi deta yapadera pa izi - kukula kwakukulu, kumanga kwamphamvu, mawu aakulu, amdima. Kutanthauzira kwake kumachitira umboni momwe adalowera zinsinsi za Chaliapin - Yevgeny Nesterenko watiuza kale momwe Martti Talvela adatha kumvera zolemba za anzake. Munthu wachikhalidwe cha ku Europe komanso woyimba yemwe adadziwa bwino luso la ku Europe, Talvela atha kukhala kuti adakwaniritsa maloto athu a mabasi abwino aku Russia muzinthu zabwinoko, zangwiro kuposa momwe anzathu angachitire. Ndipo pambuyo pa zonse, iye anabadwira ku Karelia, m'gawo la Ufumu wakale wa Russia ndi Russian Federation panopa, mu nthawi yochepa mbiri pamene dziko ili Finnish.

Anna Bulycheva, Big Magazine ya Bolshoi Theatre, No. 2, 2001