Nyimbo zoyeserera |
nyimbo zoyesera (kuchokera ku lat. experimentum - test, experience) - nyimbo zopangidwa pofuna kuyesa nyimbo zatsopano. njira, mikhalidwe yatsopano ya ntchito, zachilendo phokoso zakuthupi, etc. Lingaliro la E. m. ndi chosatha; zimakumana ndi mawu monga "kufufuza kwachilengedwe", "zatsopano", "chidziwitso cholimba mtima" kapena (ndi malingaliro oyipa) "njira yomwe idakhala yopanda chiyembekezo". Kugwirizana kwa mfundozi ndi mphambano zake zimalepheretsa mawu akuti “E. m." malire omveka bwino ndi okhazikika. Nthawi zambiri, ntchito zomwe zimatengedwa ngati E. m., pakapita nthawi, zimayamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikutaya zomwe zidayamba. kukhudza koyesera ("atonality" mu Liszt's Bagatelle Without Key, 1885; kusuntha kwa nsalu yomveka mu chidutswa cha Ives cha chipinda chophatikizana The Unanswered Question, 1908; kamangidwe kamene kamakhala kamene kali kamene kanapangidwa mu Webern's Miniature Orchestral Piece No. 1, 1913; "Piyano yokonzekera" mu Cage's Bacchanalia, 1938, etc.). Zoyeserera-nthabwala zitha kunenedwanso ndi E. m., mwachitsanzo. nyimbo zolembedwa molingana ndi maphikidwe a bukhuli ndi wophunzira wa Bach Kirnberger "The Hourly Ready Writer of Polonaises and Minuets" (1757) kapena buku lotchedwa Mozart "A Guide to Composing Waltzes in Any Quantity using Two Dice, Popanda Kukhala Ndi Lingaliro Laling'ono Nyimbo ndi Mapangidwe" (1793).
Mu 50s. Zaka za m'ma 20 nyimbo za konkire, nyimbo zamagetsi, makamaka zimatchedwa nyimbo zamagetsi (mu 1958, woyambitsa nyimbo za konkire, P. Schaeffer, adatsogolera Zaka khumi zapadziko lonse za Music Experimental Music ku Paris). Momwe E.m. ganiziraninso, mwachitsanzo, kaphatikizidwe ka kuwala ndi nyimbo (nyimbo zopepuka), nyimbo zamakina.
Kuyesera kwa nyimbo. art-ve, kupanga kumverera kwa kuwala komanso zachilendo zaluso. kulandila, sikumatsogolera ku zotsatira zowoneka bwino, kotero oimba nthawi zambiri amakayikira E. m.: "Kuyesera kumatanthauza china chake mu sayansi, koma sizitanthauza kalikonse mu (nyimbo)" (IF Stravinsky, 1971, p. 281).
Zothandizira: Zaripov R. Kh., nyimbo za Ural (pa njira yopangira nyimbo ndi Ural electronic computer), Kudziwa ndi Mphamvu, 1961, No2; yake, Cybernetics and music, M., 1963, 1971; Galeev B., Scriabin ndi chitukuko cha lingaliro la nyimbo zowoneka, mu: Music and Modernity, vol. 6, M., 1969; wake, Kuwala nyimbo: mapangidwe ndi akamanena za luso latsopano, Kazan, 1976; Kirnberger J. Ph., Der allezeit fertige Polonoisend- und Menuettecomponist, B., 1757; Vers une musique experimentale, "RM", 1957, Numéro spécial (236); Patkowski J., Zzagadnien muzyki eksperimentalnej, "Muzyka", 1958, rok 3, no 4; Stravinsky I., Craft R., Zokambirana ndi Igor Stravinsky, NY, 1959 (kumasulira kwa Chirasha - Stravinsky I., Dialogues ..., L., 1971); Cage J., Zur Geschichte der experimentellen Musik in den Vereinigten Staaten, “Darmstädter Beiträge zur neuen Musik”, 2, 1959; Hiller LA, Isaacson LM, Experimental music, NY, 1959; Moles A., Les musiques experimentales, P.-Z.-Bruz., 1960; Kohoutek C., Novodobé skladebné teorie západoevropské hudby, Praha, 1962, pansi pa mutu wakuti: Novodobé skladebné smery v hudbe, Praha, 1965 (Kumasulira kwa Chirasha - Kohoutek Ts., Njira Yopangira 1976 Music of the Century 1975) ; Schdffer B., wodziwitsa za Maly muzyki XX wieku, Kr., XNUMX. Onaninso kuwala. pansi pazolemba za Concrete music, Electronic music.
Yu. N. Kholopov
