Drum: kufotokoza kwa chida, kapangidwe, mbiri, mitundu, phokoso, ntchito

Ng'oma ndi imodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo zida zoimbira zakale kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, mawonekedwe omasuka, kuchuluka kwa mawu - zonsezi zimamuthandiza kukhalabe wofunidwa kwa zaka zikwi zingapo zapitazi.

Kodi ng'oma ndi chiyani

Ng'omayi ndi ya gulu la zida zoimbira. Pakati pa mitundu yambiri, yotchuka kwambiri ndi ng'oma ya membrane, yomwe ili ndi chitsulo cholimba kapena thupi lamatabwa, lopangidwa ndi nembanemba (chikopa, pulasitiki) pamwamba.

Kutulutsa phokoso kumachitika mutatha kugunda nembanemba ndi ndodo zapadera. Oimba ena amakonda kukhomerera. Kwa phokoso lolemera la phokoso, zitsanzo zingapo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, makiyi amasonkhanitsidwa pamodzi - umu ndi momwe ng'oma imapangidwira.

Mpaka pano, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yomwe imasiyana mawonekedwe, kukula, mawu. Zomwe zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe opangidwa ngati hourglass, komanso ng'oma zazikulu, pafupifupi mamita awiri m'mimba mwake.

Chidacho sichikhala ndi mawu akutiakuti, mawu ake amalembedwa pamzere umodzi, kuwonetsa kamvekedwe kake. Drum roll imatsindika bwino kamvekedwe ka nyimbo. Zitsanzo zazing'ono zimapanga mawu owuma, omveka bwino, phokoso la ng'oma zazikulu zimafanana ndi bingu.

Kapangidwe ka ng'oma

Chipangizo cha chidacho ndi chosavuta, chimakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Chimango. Zopangidwa ndi zitsulo kapena matabwa. Tsamba lomwe limapanga thupi limatseka mozungulira, kukhala lopanda kanthu mkati. Kumtunda kwa thupi kumakhala ndi mkombero womwe umateteza nembanembayo. M'mbali mwake muli mabawuti omwe amalimbitsa nembanemba.
• Chiwalo. Amatambasula pathupi kuchokera pamwamba ndi pansi. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nembanemba zamakono ndi pulasitiki. M'mbuyomu, zikopa, zikopa zanyama zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nembanemba. Nembanemba yapamwamba imatchedwa pulasitiki yamphamvu, yapansi imatchedwa resonant. Kulimba kwa nembanemba kumakulirakulirakulira.
• Ndodo. Iwo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la ng'oma, chifukwa ali ndi udindo wopanga mawu. Zopangira - nkhuni, aluminiyamu, polyurethane. Momwe chidacho chidzamvekere zimadalira makulidwe, zinthu, kukula kwa timitengo. Opanga ena amalemba timitengo tosonyeza kugwirizana kwawo: jazi, rock, nyimbo za orchestral. Akatswiri ochita masewera amakonda timitengo tamatabwa.

History

Kodi ng'oma zakale zidapangidwa ndi ndani komanso liti sizikudziwika. Kope lakale kwambiri lidayamba m'zaka za zana la XNUMX BC. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti chidacho chinagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Mtundu uliwonse unali ndi ng'oma yakeyake, yosiyana pang'ono kukula kapena maonekedwe. Ena mwa anthu omwe amasirira kwambiri chidacho ndi anthu aku South America, Africa, ndi India. Ku Europe, mafashoni oimba ng'oma adabwera pambuyo pake - cha m'ma XNUMX.

Poyamba, ng'oma zokulira zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza zizindikiro. Kenaka anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumene kumamatira kotheratu ku kayimbidwe kofunikira: m’zombo zokhala ndi opalasa, m’magule amwambo, maphwando, ndi machitidwe ankhondo. Anthu a ku Japan ankagwiritsa ntchito ng'oma kuti achite mantha mwa adani. Msilikali wa ku Japan anagwira chida kumbuyo kwake pamene asilikali ena awiri ankamumenya mwamphamvu.

Azungu adapeza chidacho chifukwa cha anthu aku Turkey. Poyambirira, idagwiritsidwa ntchito m'gulu lankhondo: panali zophatikizika zopangidwira mwapadera zomwe zimatanthawuza kupita patsogolo, kubwereranso, chiyambi cha mapangidwe.

Asilikali aku Russia adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zida zokhala ngati ng'oma munthawi ya ulamuliro wa Ivan the Terrible. Kugwidwa kwa Kazan kunatsagana ndi phokoso la nakrov - miphika yayikulu yamkuwa yokutidwa ndi chikopa pamwamba. Wolamulira Boris Godunov, yemwe ankakonda alonda akunja, adatengera kwa iwo mwambo womenyana ndi ng'oma zomwe zinkawoneka ngati zitsanzo zamakono. Pansi pa Peter Wamkulu, gulu lililonse lankhondo linaphatikizapo oimba ng’oma zana limodzi. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, chidacho chinasowa kwa asilikali. Kubwerera kwake kopambana kunabwera ndi kubwera ku mphamvu ya chikomyunizimu: ng'oma inakhala chizindikiro cha gulu laupainiya.

Masiku ano, ng'oma zazikulu za misampha zili m'gulu la oimba a symphony. Chidacho chimachita limodzi ndi zigawo za solo. Ndiwofunika kwambiri pa siteji: imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama ndi oimba omwe amaimba nyimbo za rock, jazz, ndipo machitidwe a magulu ankhondo ndi ofunika kwambiri popanda izo.

Zachilendo zaka zaposachedwa ndi zitsanzo zamagetsi. Woimbayo amaphatikiza mwaluso mawu omvera ndi amagetsi mothandizidwa ndi iwo.

Mitundu ya ng'oma

Mitundu ya ng'oma imagawidwa malinga ndi magawo awa:

Ndi dziko lochokera

Chidacho chimapezeka m'makontinenti onse, chosiyana pang'ono mawonekedwe, miyeso, njira zosewerera:

1. Afirika. Iwo ndi chinthu chopatulika, amachita nawo miyambo yachipembedzo ndi miyambo. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pozindikira. Mitundu ya ng'oma za ku Africa - bata, djembe, ashiko, kpanlogo ndi ena.
2. Latin America. Atabaque, kuika, conga - zobweretsedwa ndi akapolo akuda. Teponaztl ndi chinthu chopangidwa m'deralo, chopangidwa kuchokera kumtengo umodzi. Timbales ndi chida cha ku Cuba.
3. Chijapani. Dzina la mitundu ya ku Japan ndi taiko (kutanthauza "ng'oma yaikulu"). Gulu la "be-daiko" lili ndi dongosolo lapadera: nembanembayo imakhazikika mwamphamvu, popanda kuthekera kosintha. Gulu la zida za sime-daiko limakupatsani mwayi wosinthira nembanemba.
4. Chitchainizi. Bangu ndi chida chamatabwa, cha mbali imodzi chaching'ono chokhala ndi thupi looneka ngati koni. Paigu ndi mtundu wa timpani wokhazikika pamalo oima.
5. Mmwenye. Tabla (ng'oma za nthunzi), mridanga (ng'oma ya mbali imodzi).
6. Caucasian. Dhol, nagara (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Armenian, Azerbaijanis), darbuka (zosiyanasiyana zaku Turkey).

Mwa mitundu

Mitundu ya ng'oma zomwe zimapanga maziko a oimba amakono:

1. Chachikulu. Pawiri, kawirikawiri - chida cha mbali imodzi chokhala ndi mawu otsika, amphamvu, osamveka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomenya kamodzi, kutsindika phokoso la zida zazikulu.
2. Wamng'ono. Mamembrane awiri, okhala ndi zingwe zomwe zili m'munsi mwa nembanemba, zomwe zimapatsa phokoso kukhudza kwapadera. Zingwe zimatha kuzimitsidwa ngati phokoso likufunika kuti likhale lomveka bwino, popanda zowonjezera zowonjezera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda. Inu mukhoza kugunda osati nembanemba, komanso kugunda m'mphepete.
3. Tom-tom. Chitsanzo chooneka ngati silinda, chotsika kuchokera kwa anthu amtundu waku America, Asia. M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, idakhala gawo la ng'oma.
4. Timpani. Ma boilers amkuwa okhala ndi nembanemba yotambasulidwa pamwamba. Iwo ali ndi phula linalake, limene wosewera akhoza kusintha mosavuta pa Play.

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a ng'oma, ng'oma ndi:

• Conical,
• Wooneka ngati cauldron,
• "Hourglass",
• Cylindrical,
• kapu,
• chimango.

kupanga

Chilichonse cha ng'oma chimafuna chidwi, kotero amisiri ena akugwira ntchito yopangira chidacho. Koma akatswiri oimba amakonda zitsanzo zamakampani.

Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa:

• Mitundu ina yachitsulo
• bronze,
• Pulasitiki,
• Mitengo (mapulo, linden, birch, thundu).

Phokoso la chitsanzo chamtsogolo mwachindunji limadalira zinthu zomwe zasankhidwa.

Mlanduwo ukakonzeka, amayamba kupanga zopangira zitsulo: hoop yomwe imateteza nembanemba, mabawuti, maloko, zomangira. Makhalidwe a chidacho amawonongeka kwambiri ngati ali ndi mabowo ambiri, zigawo zowonjezera. Opanga odziwika amapereka dongosolo lokhazikika lapadera lomwe limakulolani kusunga kukhulupirika kwa mlanduwo.

Kukonza ng'oma

Zokonda zimafunikira chida chamtundu uliwonse: kukhala ndi mawu akuti (timpani, rototom) osakhala nawo (tom-tom, kakang'ono, kakang'ono).

Kukonza kumachitika mwa kutambasula kapena kumasula nembanemba. Kwa ichi, pali mabawuti apadera pathupi. Kukangana kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lokwera kwambiri, kufooka kofooka kumalepheretsa kufotokoza. Ndikofunika kupeza "tanthauzo la golide".

Ng'oma ya msampha yokhala ndi zingwe imafuna kusintha kwapadera kwa nembanemba yapansi.

kugwiritsa

Chidacho ndi chabwino popanga gulu limodzi komanso machitidwe a solo. Woimbayo amasankha yekha kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo posewera kapena kumenya nembanemba ndi manja ake. Kusewera ndi manja kumaonedwa kuti ndi kutalika kwa ukatswiri ndipo sikupezeka kwa aliyense wosewera.

M'magulu oimba, ng'oma imapatsidwa udindo wofunikira: imatengedwa ngati poyambira, imayika nyimbo yanyimbo. Zimayenda bwino ndi zida zina zoimbira, zimakwaniritsa. Popanda izo, zisudzo za magulu ankhondo, oimba nyimbo za rock sizingaganizidwe, chida ichi chimakhalapo nthawi zonse pamisonkhano, misonkhano ya achinyamata, ndi zikondwerero.