Eduardas Balsys |

Eduard Balsy

E. Balsis ndi mmodzi mwa oimba otchuka kwambiri ku Soviet Lithuania. Ntchito yake monga wopeka, mphunzitsi, woimba pagulu ndi wofalitsa nkhani sizingasiyanitsidwe ndi kukula kwa sukulu ya oimba ku Lithuanian pambuyo pa nkhondo. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa 50s. ndiye m'modzi mwa otsogolera ake.

Njira yolenga ya wolembayo ndi yovuta. Ubwana wake chikugwirizana ndi mzinda Chiyukireniya wa Nikolaeva, ndiye banja amasamukira ku Klaipeda. M’zaka zimenezi, kulankhulana ndi nyimbo kunali kwangozi. Ali mnyamata, Balsis anachita ntchito zambiri - ankaphunzitsa, ankakonda masewera, ndipo mu 1945 adalowa mu Kaunas Conservatory m'kalasi ya Pulofesa A. Raciunas. Zaka zophunzira ku Leningrad Conservatory, komwe adaphunzira maphunziro apamwamba ndi Pulofesa V. Voloshinov, adakhalabe kosatha kukumbukira wolembayo. Mu 1948, Balsis anayamba kuphunzitsa pa Vilnius Conservatory, kumene kuyambira 1960 anatsogolera dipatimenti yolemba. Pakati pa ophunzira ake ndi odziwika bwino olemba nyimbo monga A. Brazhinskas, G. Kupryavicius, B. Gorbulskis ndi ena. opera, ballet. Wolembayo sanasamale kwambiri za mitundu ya chipinda - adatembenukira kwa iwo kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake (String Quartet, Piano Sonata, etc.). Pamodzi ndi Mitundu yakale, cholowa cha Balsis chimaphatikizapo nyimbo za pop, nyimbo zodziwika bwino, nyimbo za zisudzo ndi sinema, komwe adagwirizana ndi otsogolera otsogola aku Lithuania. M'kuyanjana kosalekeza kwa mitundu yosangalatsa komanso yovuta, wolembayo adawona njira zolemeretsa.

Umunthu wa kulenga wa Balsis umadziwika ndi kuyaka kosalekeza, kufunafuna njira zatsopano - zoimbira zachilendo, njira zovuta za chilankhulo choyimba kapena zida zoyambira. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye nthawizonse anakhalabe moona Chilituyaniya woyimba, melodist wowala. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri za nyimbo za Balsis ndi kugwirizana kwake ndi nthano, zomwe iye anali wodziwa kwambiri. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi makonzedwe ake ambiri a nyimbo zamtundu. Wolembayo ankakhulupirira kuti kaphatikizidwe ka dziko ndi zatsopano "zidzapitiriza kutsegula njira zatsopano zopangira nyimbo zathu."

Waukulu kulenga akwaniritsa Balsis ogwirizana ndi symphony - ichi ndi kusiyana kwake kwayaya lathu chikhalidwe chikhalidwe cha dziko ndi chikoka kwambiri pa m'badwo wamng'ono wa olemba Chilituyaniya. Komabe, chithunzithunzi cha malingaliro ake symphonic - si symphony (iye sanali kulankhula izo), koma konsati mtundu wanyimbo, opera, ballet. Mwa iwo, wopeka amachita monga mbuye wa symphonic chitukuko cha mawonekedwe, timbre tcheru, coloristic orchestration.

Chochitika chachikulu kwambiri chanyimbo ku Lithuania chinali ballet Eglė the Queen of the Serpents (1960, original lib.), Kutengera pomwe filimu yoyamba ya ballet ku republic idapangidwa. Iyi ndi nthano yandakatulo ya kukhulupirika ndi chikondi kugonjetsa zoipa ndi chinyengo. Zithunzi zokongola za m'nyanja, zowoneka bwino zamtundu wa anthu, nyimbo zauzimu za ballet ndizomwe zili patsamba labwino kwambiri la nyimbo zaku Lithuania. Mutu wa nyanja ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe Balsis amakonda kwambiri (m'ma 50s adapanganso ndakatulo yatsopano ya symphonic "Nyanja" yolembedwa ndi MK Mu 1980, wolembayo adatembenukiranso kumutu wapanyanja. opera Ulendo wopita ku Tilsit (kutengera nkhani yaifupi ya dzina lomwelo ndi wolemba waku Germany X. Zuderman "Nkhani zaku Lithuania", lib. own). sewero lanyimbo, kulandira mwambo wa Wozzeck wa A. Berg.

Unzika, chidwi pamavuto oyaka a nthawi yathu zidawoneka mwamphamvu m'nyimbo zakwaya za Balsis, zolembedwa mogwirizana ndi ndakatulo zazikulu za Lithuania - E. Mezhelaitis ndi E. Matuzevičius (cantatas "Kubweretsa Dzuwa" ndi "Ulemerero kwa Lenin! ") Ndipo makamaka - mu oratorio yochokera ku ndakatulo za ndakatulo V. Palchinokayte "Musakhudze buluu buluu", (1969). Zinali ndi ntchito imeneyi, yomwe inayamba kuchitidwa pa Wroclaw Music Festival mu 1969, kuti ntchito ya Balsis inadziwika bwino ndipo inalowa padziko lonse lapansi. Kubwerera mu 1953, wolembayo anali woyamba mu nyimbo za Chilituyaniya kuti athetse mutu wa kulimbana kwa mtendere mu ndakatulo ya Heroic, yomwe ikukula mu Dramatic Frescoes ya piyano, violin ndi orchestra (1965). Oratorio imawulula nkhope ya nkhondo muzowopsa kwambiri - monga opha ubwana. Mu 1970, polankhula pamsonkhano wapadziko lonse wa ISME (International Association of Children's Music Education) pambuyo pa oratorio "Musakhudze dziko labuluu", D. Kabalevsky anati: "Oratorio ya Eduardas Balsis ndi ntchito yomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. zomwe zimasiya chithunzi chosaiwalika ndi kuzama kwa malingaliro, mphamvu yakumverera , kupsinjika kwamkati. Njira zaumunthu za ntchito ya Balsis, chidwi chake pazisoni ndi chisangalalo cha anthu nthawi zonse chimakhala pafupi ndi m'nthawi yathu ino, nzika yazaka za zana la XNUMX.

G. Zhdanova