Tonic |

zimandilimbikitsa (chi French tonique, note tonique; нtm. Tonika) - pakati. chigawo cha kamvekedwe; toni yayikulu, malinga ndi Krom, dongosolo lonselo limatenga dzina lake (mu C-dur ndi c-moll - phokoso do o), komanso choyimbira chachikulu, chomwe chimapangidwira (mu C-dur). , chord ce- g, mu c-moll – c-es-g); chizindikiro - T. Tonic - maziko, poyambira ndi kumaliza ma harmonics. ndondomeko, malo omveka a malingaliro a harmonic, esp. ustoy (kukhala pa Krom kumamveka ngati mphindi yopumula, makamaka pobwerera ku T., kuthetsa kupanikizika kwa ntchito). Mu magwiridwe antchito a harmonic system of tonality, zochita za T. imamveka mwachindunji mumtundu umodzi wamdima (nthawi, magawo awiri ndi atatu; mwachitsanzo, pamutu wa gawo loyamba la piano ya 1 sonata ya Beethoven, gawo loyamba la sewero "Januware" kuchokera ku "Nyengo". "Tchaikovsky); ma modulation amakhala ofanana. zochita za wina T. (izi zikufotokozera kugwirizana pakati pa gawo la zochita za T. ndi mapangidwe amitu, kufotokozera mitundu ya nyimbo). Mphamvu ya T. mu harmonic ntchito. dongosolo la tonality anatsimikiza ndi zinthu zingapo: chikhalidwe cha muses. okhutira, odzazidwa ndi lingaliro la zomveka. centralization; kusankha kwa sikelo yomwe ili diatonic pamaziko ndipo ilibe tritone ku phokoso lililonse la T.; bungwe la fret pogwiritsa ntchito "gawo katatu" (ntchito S - T - D), zomwe zimathandizira kulimbitsa kwakukulu kwapakati-T; metric yotsimikizira kulemera kwa mawu omaliza. mphindi za cadence (omwe amatchedwa miyeso yolemetsa - 4, 8 - monga maziko a metrical, ofanana ndi T.; onani Tonality). Monga gulu la nyimbo za T. kuganiza ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yapakati (thandizo) yomwe imathandizira pakupanga dongosolo lophatikizika la maubwenzi (onani Lad). Kufunika ndi kufunikira kwa gulu la T. monga malo otere amalola kuti tiwonjezere nthawiyi mpaka pakati. zinthu zina (pa mitundu ya nyimbo wowerengeka, dziko lakale, akale modes, modal mgwirizano wa Renaissance, symmetrical modes m'zaka za m'ma 19-20, machitidwe ndi kamvekedwe chapakati kapena choyimba nyimbo za m'ma 20). Komabe, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu ya malo (maziko) - baroque ndi classical-romantic. T. (ndi J. S. Bachi, W. A. Mozart, F. Chopin, R. Wagner, M. I. Glinka, S. V. Rachmaninov), m'zaka za m'ma. finalis (omwe, mosiyana ndi T. wakale, sangalowe munyimbo yonse ndi machitidwe ake; mwachitsanzo, mu antiphons Miserere mei Deus I tone, Vidimus stellam ejus IV tone), T. kiyi yatsopano yazaka za zana la 20. (Mwachitsanzo, tonic G mu opera Wozzeck ndi Berg, dissonant complex T. mu orc. phatikizani pakati pazithunzi za 4 ndi 5 za chochitika chachitatu cha opera yomweyo), pakati. tone (tone mi kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa Penderecki's Dies irae), pakati. gulu (chidutswa choyamba kuchokera ku Schoenberg's Lunar Pierrot), kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mndandanda (mwachitsanzo, gawo loyamba la E. V.

Zothandizira: onani pansi pa nkhani Tonality, Mode, Harmony.

Yu. N. Kholopov