Chifaniziro |

lat. figuratio - chithunzi, mawonekedwe, mafotokozedwe ophiphiritsa, kuchokera ku figuro - mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, kongoletsa, kongoletsa

Imodzi mwa njira zopangira zida zoimbira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mawu apangidwe mu ntchito (onani Texture), F. ndi njira yodziwika bwino komanso yothandiza kwambiri yosinthira nyimbo.

Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu F. Melodich. F. mu mutu umodzi. ndi polyphonic. zomangamanga za nyimbo. prod. imaphatikizapo kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa melodic. mizere pophimba chachikulu. zomveka. M'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zotchedwa homophonic, mtundu uwu wa F. umasonyezedwa mu kutsegula kwa mawu. Pankhaniyi, phokoso lophiphiritsa limatsimikiziridwa ndi ubale wawo ndi wamkuluyo ndipo amatchedwa kudutsa, wothandizira, kutsekeredwa, kuwuka, kukhazikika. harmonic F. ndi kayendedwe kotsatizana kudzera m'mamvekedwe omwe amapanga nyimbo (zomveka zoyandikana ndi nyimbo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri). Rhythm. F. ndi rhythmic. kalembedwe kamene kamabwereza phokoso kapena kagulu ka mawu ndipo sikusintha kwambiri muse. logic ya kumanga uku. Mitundu iyi ya F. mu nyimbo. machitidwe nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa, kupanga mitundu yosakanikirana ya F., mwachitsanzo. rhythmic-harmonic, melodic-harmonic.

F. wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyimbo. kuchita. Pamayambiriro oyambirira a chitukuko cha nyimbo. milandu idagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. mitundu f. - kuchokera ku mafanizo achikale rhythmic. ziwembu ndi mafotokozedwe osavuta a modal maziko kuti figuration zovuta. zomangamanga - nyimbo. M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, F. ankagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyimbo za Gregorian (zikumbukiro) ndi kupanga. troubadours, trouvers ndi minnesingers. Akatswiri a polyphony ankagwiritsa ntchito zinthu za F. (zotsekera, kukweza, ndi ma cambites), komanso mafano owonjezera. zomanga m'zigawo zachitukuko za polyphonic. mawonekedwe (mwachitsanzo, mu chitukuko ndi interludes wa fugues). F. ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m’mitundu ya nyimbo zoyambilira, chaconne, zongopeka, ndi za sarabande. Zitsanzo za njira ya F. zili mu tchalitchi cha Byzantine. nyimbo ndi Russian. ntchito zakwaya. 15th-18th century M'nthawi ya bass general, F. idafala kwambiri m'zochita za organ ndi clavier improvisation, ngakhale okhulupirira a bass ambiri m'mabuku awo sanalabadira pang'ono nkhani za F. ndipo adalimbikitsa kuti F. akhale amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawu amodzi pokhapokha winayo ali woyimba. kuyenda kumayima. Mu ntchito ya French harpsichordists ndi English. anamwali F. anakhala mmodzi wa akuluakulu. njira zopangira nyimbo. zinthu mu instr. mawonekedwe, komwe nthawi zambiri amayimira kukulitsa kwa melismatch. magulu. Mu nthawi ya classicism, F. adagwiritsidwa ntchito mwadongosolo mu instr. prod. (makamaka muzosiyana - monga njira yofunikira kwambiri yokongoletsera zokongoletsera), komanso mu wok. (mu opera arias ndi ensembles) onse mu nyimbo za dziko ndi nyimbo za tchalitchi (m'madera osiyana a anthu, ku Russia - mu ntchito zachipembedzo za DS Bortnyansky, MS Berezovsky, ndi zina zotero). M'ntchito ya olemba achikondi, pokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa kuganiza modal, mawu nthawi zambiri amakhala odzaza ndi chromaticism. Mu nyimbo amati ndi 20 atumwi. F. amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu decomp. mafomu, kutengera kalembedwe kayekha kwa wolemba, pazaluso zapadera. ntchito.

Zothandizira: Catuar G., Theoretical course of harmony, gawo 2, M., 1925; Tyulin Yu., Chitsogozo chothandizira pakuwunikiridwa kwa Harmonic kutengera Bach's chorales, L., 1927; yake, Parallelisms in musical theory and practice, L., 1938; lake, The Doctrine of musical texture and melodic figuration, buku. 1 - Mapangidwe anyimbo, M., 1976, buku. 2 - Kujambula kwa Melodic, M., 1977; Rudolf L., Harmony, Baku, 1938; Mazel L., O melody, M., 1952; Karastoyanov A., Kugwirizana kwa Polyphonic, M., 1964; Uspensky H., luso loimba lakale la ku Russia, M., 1965, 1971; Kurth E., Grundlagen des linearen Kontrapunkts.., Bern, 1917, B., 1922 Tosh E., Melodielehre, V., 1931 (Kumasulira kwa Chirasha - Toh E., Kuphunzitsa za melody, M., 1923); Schmitz H.-P., Die Kunst der Verzierung im 1928 Jahrhundert Instrumentale und vokale Musizierpraxis in Beispielen, Kassel, 18; Ferand E., Die Improvisation in Beispielen aus neuen Jahrhunderten abendlandischer Musik Mit einer geschichtlichen Einführung, Köln, 1955; Szabolcsi B., A meludia türténete Vazlatok a zenei stilus m'ltjbbul 1956 kiadbs, Bdpst, 2 (English translation – A history of melody, NY, 1957); Apel W., nyimbo ya Gregorian, Bloomington, (Indianapolis), 1965; Ghominski J., Historia harmonii ndi kontrapunktu, t. 1958, Kr., 1, Paccagnella E., La formazione del languaggio musicale, pt. 1958. Il canto gregoriano, Roma, 1; Wellesz E., Kumanga kwa Melody ku Byzantine chant, Belgrade-Ochride, 1961; Mendelsohn A., Melodia si arta onvesmontarn ei, Buc., 1961; Arnold R., Luso lothandizira kuchokera ku thoroughbass, monga momwe amachitira m'zaka za m'ma 1963 ndi 1, v. 2-1965, NY, XNUMX.

EV Gertzman