Bandura: ndi chiyani, kapangidwe, chiyambi, momwe zimamvekera

Bandurists akhala chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za dziko la Ukraine. Potsagana ndi bandura, oimbawa adaimba nyimbo zosiyanasiyana zamtundu wa epic. M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, chida choimbira chidatchuka kwambiri; osewera bandura akupezekabe lero.

Bandura ndi chiyani

Bandura ndi chida choimbira cha anthu aku Ukraine. Ndi wa gulu la zingwe zothyoledwa. Maonekedwewo amadziwika ndi thupi lalikulu la oval ndi khosi laling'ono.

Phokosoli ndi lowala, lili ndi timbre. Anthu amtundu wa Bandu amasewera pozula zingwe ndi zala. Nthawi zina "misomali" imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Posewera ndi misomali, phokoso la sonorous ndi lakuthwa limapezeka.

Origin

Palibe mgwirizano pa mbiri ya chiyambi cha bandura. Olemba mbiri ena amakhulupirira kuti inachokera ku gusli, chida choimbira cha anthu a ku Russia. Mitundu yoyamba ya gusli inalibe zingwe zoposa 5, ndipo mtundu wamasewera pa iwo unali wofanana ndi balalaika. M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, mitundu ina idawonekera, yokhala ndi zingwe zambiri, komanso mawonekedwe omwe amafanana ndi bandura.

Olemba mbiri ambiri amachirikiza kumasulira kwa chiyambi cha chida chochokera ku kobza. Kobza ndi ya zida zokhala ngati lute, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofanana ndi zofanana za banduras oyambirira. Mayina ena a zingwe za zida zoimbira ndizofala. Masewero opangidwa ndi bandurists ndi osewera a kobza ndi ofanana, okhala ndi nyimbo zambiri zodziwika.

Dzinalo linabwerekedwa ku Polish. Dzina lachi Polish "bandura" limachokera ku liwu lachilatini "pandura", kutanthauza cithara - mitundu yakale yachi Greek ya zeze.

Bandura chipangizo

Thupi limapangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa olimba a linden. Khosi la chidacho ndi lalikulu, koma lalifupi. Dzina lovomerezeka la khosi ndi chogwirira. Mbali yopindika ya khosi imatchedwa mutu. Pamutu pali zikhomo zokonzera zingwe. Kutembenuza zikhomo kumatsitsa kapena kukweza zingwe, motero wosewera bandura amawongolera mamvekedwe.

Mbali yaikulu ya thupi la chidacho imatchedwa liwiro. Kunja, bwato lothamanga limawoneka ngati dzungu lodulidwa. Kuchokera pamwamba, speedboard imakutidwa ndi sitimayo, yotchedwa pamwamba. Pa mbali ya sitimayo pali chingwe chamatabwa chomwe chimanyamula zingwe kumbali imodzi. Bowo limadulidwa pakati pa bolodi la mawu, ndikutulutsa mawu otulutsidwa.

Chiwerengero cha zingwe za bandura ndi 12. Theka limodzi ndi lalitali komanso lalitali, linalo ndi lochepa komanso lalifupi. Mabaibulo amakono ali ndi zingwe zambiri, mpaka 70.

Kugwiritsa ntchito chida

Kuyambira chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma Middle Ages, bandura wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotsatira poimba masalmo achipembedzo. Kenako, Cossacks wa Zaporozhian Sich anayamba kuchita ntchito zawo, amene anakhala mbali ya wowerengeka nyimbo.

Masiku ano, chidachi chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kunja kwa nyimbo zamtundu. Mwachitsanzo, gulu lanyimbo la ku Ukraine la B&B Project limajambula nyimbo za rock zodziwika bwino. Mwa matanthauzo a awiriwa Chiyukireniya ndi "Show Must Go On" ndi Mfumukazi, "Palibe China Chovuta" ndi Metallica, "Deutschland" ndi Rammstein.

Mu 2019, mbiri idakhazikitsidwa ya kuchuluka kwa osewera a bandura omwe akusewera nthawi imodzi. Polemekeza tsiku lobadwa la Taras Shevchenko, oimba 407 nthawi imodzi adachita ntchito zodziwika bwino za ndakatulo - "Chipangano" ndi "Kubangula ndi kubuula Dnieper".

Mwachidule, zitha kudziwika kuti m'zaka za zana la XNUMX bandura ikupitilizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyimbo zachi Ukraine ndi kupitirira apo. Anasiya chizindikiro chake m'mbiri ya chikhalidwe cha Chiyukireniya ndipo adagwirizana kwambiri nacho.