Mawu oyambira |

Mawu oyambira - Phokoso losakhazikika lamayendedwe, lomwe lili m'munsi mwachiwiri kapena kumtunda kuposa sitepe yoyamba ndikulowera komweko. Phokoso la digiri yachisanu ndi chiwiri, moyandikana ndi digiri yoyamba kuchokera pansi, limatchedwa V. t.; phokoso la siteji yachiwiri - motero, chapamwamba. V. t. kukhala ndi melodic kwambiri. kupendekera kwa phokoso lalikulu la mode, makamaka V. t., lotalikirana nalo ndi lachiwiri laling'ono pansi (mwachirengedwe chachikulu ndi harmonic chachikulu ndi harmonic zazing'ono, uku ndiko kumveka kwa digiri ya VII - lat. subsemitonium modi, German Leitton, Zolemba zachi French zomveka - "zolemba zomveka", Chingerezi chotsogolera). M'munsi V. t. ndi gawo lachitatu la digiri ya 13 ndipo limagwira ntchito kwambiri. Mawu akuti "mawu oyambira" nthawi zambiri amatanthauza mwachindunji. kuthwa kwa sekondi zingapo, mphamvu yokoka ya theka. Monga chizindikiritso ndi kuchulukira kwa kuthekera kwa "mawu oyambira" kumatha kuonedwa ngati nyimbo iliyonse. kusintha, kupanga, titero, chromatic yokumba. V. t. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, zomwe mbiri yakale ya V. T. cholumikizidwa, ndiye chigamulo chake. Asafiev amatchedwa V.t. "mneni" wa ku Ulaya. chisoni. Kukhwima kwa zinthu zazikulu ndi zazing'ono ku Europe. Prof. nyimbo zinafotokozedwa, makamaka, pakuwonekera kwa V. t. masitepe a nyimbo. sikelo (poyamba kugwirizana ndi kusandulika kwa otchedwa tchalitchi modes - musica ficta, 16-15 zaka). khalidwe melodic. ndi harmonic. zosintha ndi V. t., zozikika mu 16-17 zaka. mu cadences, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ulamuliro wa zazikulu-zing'ono dongosolo m'zaka 19-XNUMX. anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa cadence. Kusintha kuchokera m'munsi mwa V. t. ndi chiganizo chake ku china mu classical. ladoharmonic. dongosolo nthawi zambiri limatchedwa zizindikiro za kusinthasintha kapena kupatuka. Mu nthawi ya chikondi, pali kudzikundikira kwa kamvekedwe ka intratonal kakusintha koyambira. E. Kurt adayambitsa lingaliro la "gulu la mawu aulere" (freie Leittoneinstellung molingana ndi X. Erpf) kutanthauza kuphatikiza kwapang'onopang'ono kwa angapo. mawu omwe ndi V.t. mogwirizana ndi chord resolution (mwachitsanzo, des-f-as-h-dis-fis to C-dur tonic, "oyandikana" amamveka mu terminology ya Chirasha ndi IV Sposobina).

Yu. N. Kholopov