Nyimbo zamakanema |

Nyimbo zamakanema ndi gawo la ntchito ya kanema, imodzi mwa njira zake zofotokozera. Mu chitukuko cha art-va muses. Mapangidwe a filimuyi amasiyanitsa pakati pa nthawi ya chete ndi nthawi ya cinema yomveka.

M'mafilimu opanda phokoso, nyimbo sizinali mbali ya filimuyi. Sanawonekere popanga filimuyo, koma panthawi yowonetsera - kuyang'ana mafilimu kunatsagana ndi ojambula piyano, atatu, ndipo nthawi zina oimba. Komabe, kufunikira kotheratu kwa nyimbo. kutsagana komweko kale pakukula kwa kanema wa kanema kunawonetsa mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino. Nyimbo zakhala bwenzi lofunika kwambiri la filimu yopanda phokoso. Ma Albums a nyimbo omwe amalimbikitsidwa kuti azitsagana ndi mafilimu adatulutsidwa. ntchito. Kuwongolera ntchito ya oimba-ojambula, iwo nthawi yomweyo adayambitsa kuopsa kwa standardization, kugonjera zaluso zosiyanasiyana. malingaliro ku mfundo imodzi ya mafanizo achindunji. Mwachitsanzo, melodrama anatsagana ndi hysterical chikondi nyimbo, nthabwala. mafilimu - humoresques, scherzos, mafilimu oyendayenda - pa gallop, etc. Kuyesera kupanga nyimbo zoyambirira za mafilimu kunayambira zaka zoyambirira za kukhalapo kwa cinema. Mu 1908 C. Saint-Saens anapanga nyimbo (zophatikiza zingwe, zida, piyano ndi harmonium m'zigawo zisanu) kuti ziwonetsedwe koyamba kwa filimu ya The Assassination of the Duke of Guise. Kuyesera kofananako kunachitika ku Germany, USA.

Mu Sov. Mgwirizano ndi kubwera kwa filimu yatsopano, yosintha zojambulajambula, njira yosiyana ya mafilimu inayambika - ma claviers oyambirira ndi nyimbo zoimba nyimbo zinayamba kupangidwa. kutsatizana ndi mafilimu ena. Zina mwa zodziwika bwino ndi nyimbo za DD Shostakovich za filimu "New Babylon" (1929). Mu 1928 izo. wopeka E. Meisel analemba nyimbo kusonyeza akadzidzi. filimu "Battleship Potemkin" ku Berlin. Olemba adafuna kupeza njira yapadera, yodziyimira payokha komanso yokhazikika yanyimbo, yotsimikiziridwa ndi masewero a kanema wa kanema. kupanga, bungwe lake lamkati.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zojambulira mawu, filimu iliyonse inalandira nyimbo yakeyake. Mtundu wake wa mawu umakhala ndi mawu omveka komanso phokoso.

Kuyambira kubadwa kwa mafilimu a kanema, kale mu 1930s. panali kugawanika kwa cinematography mu intraframe - konkire, yolimbikitsidwa, yolungamitsidwa ndi phokoso la chida chomwe chikuwonetsedwa mu chimango, chokweza mawu pawailesi, kuyimba kwa munthu, ndi zina zotero, ndi kunja - "wolemba", "zofunika". Nyimbo zopanda pakompyuta, monga momwe zimatchulidwira, zimachotsedwa pazochitikazo ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimasonyeza zochitika za filimuyo, zikuwonetseratu kutuluka kobisika kwa chiwembucho.

M'mafilimu a zaka za m'ma 30, omwe anali odziwika chifukwa cha masewero awo akuthwa, mawu omveka adapeza kufunikira kwakukulu; mawu ndi zochita zakhala njira zofunika kwambiri zofotokozera munthu. Kanema wotereyo amafunikira nyimbo zambiri zamkati mwamafelemu, kuyika mwachindunji nthawi ndi malo akuchitapo kanthu. Olembawo ankafuna kuti afotokoze awoawo kumasulira kwa nyimbozo. zithunzi; nyimbo za m'mafelemu zinakhala osatsegula. Zaka za m'ma 30. chodziwika ndi kufufuza kwa semantic kuphatikizidwa kwa nyimbo mufilimuyi ngati cinematic watanthauzo komanso wofunikira. gawo. Imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya nyimbo za otchulidwa ndi zochitika za filimuyi ndi nyimbo. Nyimbo zimafala kwambiri panthawiyi. filimu yanthabwala yozikidwa panyimbo yotchuka.

Zitsanzo zachikale za K. zamtunduwu zinapangidwa ndi IO Dunaevsky. Nyimbo zake, nyimbo zamakanema ("Merry Fellows", 1934, "Circus", 1936, "Volga-Volga", 1938, dir. GA Alexandrov; "Rich Bride", 1938, "Kuban Cossacks", 1950, motsogozedwa ndi IA. Pyriev), wodzazidwa ndi mtima wokondwa, wosiyanitsidwa ndi leitmotif ya makhalidwe, nkhani. kuphweka, kuona mtima, kunatchuka kwambiri.

Pamodzi ndi Dunayevsky, chikhalidwe cha nyimbo cha kupanga mafilimu chinapangidwa ndi olemba br. Pokrass, TN Khrennikov ndi ena, kenako, mu 50s-koyamba. NV Bogoslovsky, A. Ya. Eshpay, A. Ya. Lepin, AN Pakhmutova, AP Petrov, VE Basner, MG Fradkin ndi ena Kanemayo "Chapaev" (70, otsogolera m'bale Vasiliev, comp. GN Popov) amasiyanitsidwa ndi kusasinthasintha komanso kulondola kwa kusankha nyimbo za intra-frame. Mapangidwe a filimuyi (maziko a chitukuko chodabwitsa ndi nyimbo ya anthu), yomwe ili ndi leitingtonation imodzi, ikuwonetseratu chithunzi cha Chapaev.

Mu mafilimu a 30s. ubale pakati pa chithunzi ndi nyimbo unakhazikitsidwa pa Ch. ayi. kutengera mfundo za kufanana: nyimbo zinakulitsa izi kapena kutengeka, malingaliro opangidwa ndi wolemba filimuyo, maganizo ake kwa khalidwe, mkhalidwe, ndi zina zotero. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pankhaniyi chinali nyimbo za DD Shostakovich za mafilimu a Alone (1931, dir. GM Kozintsev), The Golden Mountains (1931, dir. SI Yutkevich), The Counter (1932, motsogoleredwa ndi FM Ermler, SI Yutkevich). Pamodzi ndi Shostakovich, akadzidzi akuluakulu amabwera ku kanema. Olemba nyimbo za symphonic - SS Prokofiev, Yu. A. Shaporin, AI Khachaturian, DB Kabalevsky ndi ena. Ambiri aiwo amagwira nawo ntchito zamakanema m'moyo wawo wonse wopanga. Nthawi zambiri zithunzi zomwe zidayamba ku K. zidakhala maziko a ma symphonies odziyimira pawokha. kapena symphony ya mawu. prod. (cantata "Alexander Nevsky" ndi Prokofiev ndi ena). Pamodzi ndi otsogolera siteji, olembawo akufufuza zolemba zofunika kwambiri. zisankho za filimuyi, yesetsani kumvetsetsa vuto la malo ndi cholinga cha nyimbo mu cinema. Gulu lopanga zenizeni lidalumikiza kompyuta. SS Prokofiev ndi dir. SM Eisenstein, yemwe adagwira ntchito pa vuto la mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a filimuyo. Eisenstein ndi Prokofiev adapeza njira zoyambira zolumikizirana pakati pa nyimbo ndi zojambulajambula. Nyimbo za Prokofiev za mafilimu a Eisenstein "Alexander Nevsky" (1938) ndi "Ivan the Terrible" (1 mndandanda - 1945; kumasulidwa pawindo la 2 - 1958) amasiyanitsidwa ndi chidule, zojambulajambula za muses. zithunzi, kufanana kwawo kwenikweni ndi rhythm ndi mphamvu zidzawonetsera. zothetsera (zopangidwa mwaluso zowoneka bwino zowoneka bwino zimafika paungwiro wapadera pazochitika za Battle on the Ice kuchokera mufilimu "Alexander Nevsky"). Kugwira ntchito limodzi mu kanema, kufufuza kwa Eisenstein ndi Prokofiev kunathandizira kupanga mafilimu monga njira yofunikira ya luso. kufotokoza. Mwambo uwu unatengedwa pambuyo pake ndi olemba a 50s - oyambirira. Zaka za m'ma 70 Chilakolako choyesera, kupeza mwayi watsopano wogwirizanitsa nyimbo ndi zithunzi zimasiyanitsa ntchito ya EV Denisov, RK Shchedrin, ML Tariverdiev, NN Karetnikov, AG Schnittke, BA Tchaikovsky ndi ena .

Muyeso waukulu wa luso. zambiri, chikhalidwe cha nyimbo monga luso lonse, anatsimikiza udindo wake mu ntchito filimu: K. amachita "... ntchito ya chifaniziro generalized mogwirizana ndi chodabwitsa chojambulidwa ..." (SM Eisenstein), amakulolani kufotokoza zofunika kwambiri lingaliro kapena lingaliro la filimuyo. Makanema amakono owoneka bwino amathandizira kukhalapo kwa ma muses mufilimuyi. malingaliro. Zimakhazikitsidwa pakugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zonse zakunja ndi zamkati, zolimbikitsa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala njira yosadziwika bwino, koma yozama komanso yosadziwika bwino pa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Pamodzi ndi kufalikira kwa njira yolumikizirana mwachindunji nyimbo ndi zithunzi, kugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo "zotsutsana" kumayamba kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri (tanthauzo lake lidawunikidwa ndi SM Eisenstein ngakhale isanadze filimu yomveka). Njira imeneyi yopangidwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa nyimbo ndi zithunzi, imapangitsa kuti seŵero la zochitika zosonyezedwa (kuwombera anthu ogwidwa mufilimu ya ku Italy ya The Long Night ya 1943, 1960, kutsagana ndi nyimbo zachisangalalo za kuguba kwachifasisti; komaliza kosangalatsa. zigawo za filimu ya ku Italy yakuti Divorce in Italian, 1961, imadutsa phokoso la maliro). Njira. nyimbo zasintha. leitmotif yomwe nthawi zambiri imawulula lingaliro lofunika kwambiri la filimuyo (mwachitsanzo, mutu wa Gelsomina mufilimu ya ku Italy The Road, 1954, motsogoleredwa ndi F. Fellini, comedian N. Rota). Nthawi zina masiku ano Mufilimuyi, nyimbo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito osati kupititsa patsogolo, koma kukhala ndi malingaliro. Mwachitsanzo, mu filimuyi "400 Blows" (1959), wotsogolera F. Truffaut ndi wolemba nyimbo A. Constantin amayesetsa kukulitsa nyimbo. mitu yolimbikitsa owonera kuwunika koyenera kwa zomwe zikuchitika pazenera.

Muse. lingaliro la filimu mwachindunji subordinated kwa wolemba ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku Japan. filimu "The Naked Island" (1960, dir. K. Shindo, comp. X. Hayashi), lomwe limafotokoza za moyo wovuta, wovuta, koma watanthauzo wa anthu akumenyana ndi chilengedwe polimbana ndi moyo, nyimbo zimawonekera nthawi zonse. mu kuwombera zomwe zikuwonetsa tsiku ndi tsiku ntchito za anthu awa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimasowa pamene zochitika zazikulu zimalowa m'miyoyo yawo. Mufilimuyi "The Ballad of a Soldier" (1959, dir. G. Chukhrai, comp. M. Ziv), adachita ngati wolemba nyimbo. nkhani, zithunzi za nyimbo zili ndi adv. maziko; zopezedwa ndi wopeka nyimbo kamvekedwe ka mawu amatsimikizira kukongola kosatha ndi kosasintha kwa maubale osavuta ndi okoma mtima a anthu.

Nyimbo za filimuyi zikhoza kukhala zapachiyambi, zolembedwera filimuyi, kapena zopangidwa ndi nyimbo zodziwika bwino, nyimbo, nyimbo zachikale. nyimbo zimagwira ntchito. Mu cinema yamakono nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zachikale - J. Haydn, JS Bach, WA ​​Mozart, ndi ena, kuthandiza opanga mafilimu kuti agwirizane ndi nkhani yamakono. dziko ndi high humanistic. miyambo.

Nyimbo zimatenga malo ofunika kwambiri pa nyimbo. mafilimu, nkhani zodzipatulira za olemba, oimba, oimba. Mwinanso amachita sewero lina. ntchito (ngati iyi ndi nkhani yokhudza kulengedwa kwa nyimbo inayake), kapena ikuphatikizidwa mufilimuyi ngati nambala yoyikapo. Udindo waukulu wa nyimbo mu kusintha kwa mafilimu a opera kapena masewero a ballet, komanso odziimira okha omwe amapangidwa pamaziko a masewero ndi ma ballet. kupanga mafilimu. Mtengo wamtundu uwu wa kanema wa kanema uli makamaka pakutchuka kwakukulu kwa ntchito zabwino kwambiri zachikale. ndi nyimbo zamakono. Mu 60s. ku France, kuyesa kudapangidwa kuti apange mtundu wanyimbo zoyambira zamakanema (The Umbrellas of Cherbourg, 1964, dir. J. Demy, comp. M. Legrand).

Nyimbo zimaphatikizidwa m'makanema, makanema komanso makanema otchuka asayansi. M'mafilimu akanema, njira zawo za nyimbo zapangidwa. kupanga. Chodziwika kwambiri mwa iwo ndi njira yofananira ndendende nyimbo ndi chithunzi: nyimboyo imabwereza kapena kutsanzira kusuntha pazenera (komanso, zotsatira zake zitha kukhala zaparodic komanso zanyimbo). Njira. chidwi pankhaniyi ndi mafilimu a Amer. dir. W. Disney, makamaka zojambula zake zochokera mu mndandanda wa "Funny Symphonies", zomwe zili ndi zojambula zodziwika bwino pazithunzi. prod. (mwachitsanzo, "Dance of the Skeletons" ku nyimbo za symphonic ndakatulo ya C. Saint-Saens "Dance of Death", etc.).

Masiku ano nyimbo chitukuko siteji. mapangidwe a filimuyo amadziwika ndi kufunika kofanana kwa nyimbo pakati pa zigawo zina za filimuyi. Nyimbo zamakanema ndi imodzi mwamawu ofunikira kwambiri pamakanema. polyphony, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala chinsinsi chowululira zomwe zili mufilimuyo.

Zothandizira: Bugoslavsky S., Messman V., Nyimbo ndi cinema. Pafilimu ndi nyimbo kutsogolo, M., 1926; Blok DS, Vugoslavsky SA, Kuyimba nyimbo mu cinema, M.-L., 1929; London K., Film Music, trans. kuchokera ku Chijeremani, M.-L., 1937; Ioffe II, Music of the Soviet cinema, L., 1938; Cheremukhin MM, Sound film music, M., 1939; Korganov T., Frolov I., Cinema ndi nyimbo. Nyimbo mu sewero la filimuyi, M., 1964; Petrova IF, Music of the Soviet cinema, M., 1964; Eisenstein S., Kuchokera m'makalata ndi Prokofiev, "SM", 1961, No 4; iye, Wotsogolera ndi wolemba nyimbo, ibid., 1964, No8; Fried E., Music in Soviet cinema, (L., 1967); Lissa Z., Aesthetics of film music, M., 1970.

IM Shilova