Gara Garayev |
Gara Garayev
Mu unyamata wake, Kara Karaev anali wosimidwa njinga yamoto. Mpikisano wokwiyawo unayankha kufunikira kwake kwa ngozi, kuti apeze lingaliro lachigonjetso pa iyemwini. Analinso ndi china, chosiyana kwambiri ndi kusungidwa kwa moyo wonse, "chete" zosangalatsa - kujambula. Magalasi a zida zake, molondola kwambiri komanso panthawi imodzimodziyo akuwonetsa maganizo a mwiniwakeyo, akulozera dziko lonse lapansi - adalanda kuyenda kwa munthu wodutsa kuchokera kumtsinje wamzinda wodzaza ndi anthu, anakonza maonekedwe amoyo kapena oganiza bwino, anapanga ma silhouettes. za zida zamafuta zomwe zimachokera kukuya kwa Caspian "zikulankhula" zamasiku ano, komanso zam'mbuyomu - nthambi zowuma za mtengo wakale wa mabulosi a Apsheron kapena nyumba zazikulu zaku Egypt Yakale ...
Ndikokwanira kumvetsera ntchito zomwe zinalengedwa ndi woimba wa Azerbaijani wodabwitsa, ndipo zikuwonekeratu kuti zokonda za Karaev ndizowonetseratu zomwe zili ndi nyimbo zake. Kulenga nkhope ya Karaev imadziwika ndi kuphatikiza kowala kowala ndi mawerengedwe olondola aluso; mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuchuluka kwa phale lamalingaliro - ndi kuzama kwamalingaliro; chidwi cha nkhani za m'nthawi yathu chinali kukhala mwa iye limodzi ndi chidwi ndi mbiri yakale. Iye analemba nyimbo za chikondi ndi kulimbana, za chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa munthu, ankadziwa kufotokoza momveka dziko la zongopeka, maloto, chisangalalo cha moyo ndi kuzizira kwa imfa ...
Kudziwa bwino malamulo a nyimbo, wojambula wa kalembedwe koyambirira, Karaev, pa ntchito yake yonse, adayesetsa kukonzanso chinenero ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito zake. "Kufanana ndi zaka" - ndilo linali lamulo lalikulu la luso la Karaev. Ndipo monga m'zaka zake zazing'ono adadzigonjetsa yekha paulendo wothamanga pa njinga yamoto, choncho nthawi zonse ankagonjetsa malingaliro a kulenga. “Kuti asayime chilili,” iye anatero ponena za kubadwa kwake kwa zaka makumi asanu, pamene kutchuka kwapadziko lonse kunali kwanthaŵi yaitali, “kunali koyenera “kudzisintha”.
Karaev ndi mmodzi wa oimira owala kwambiri a sukulu ya D. Shostakovich. Anamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1946 ku Moscow Conservatory mu kalasi ya zolemba za wojambula wanzeru. Koma ngakhale asanakhale wophunzira, woimba wamng'ono kwambiri anamvetsa zilandiridwenso nyimbo za anthu Azerbaijani. M'zinsinsi za nthano zakwawo, zojambula za ashug ndi mugham, Garayev adadziwitsidwa ku Baku Conservatory ndi mlengi wake komanso wolemba nyimbo woyamba wa ku Azerbaijan, U. Hajibeyov.
Karaev analemba nyimbo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zida zake zopanga zikuphatikizapo nyimbo za zisudzo, nyimbo za symphonic ndi chamber-instrumental, zachikondi, cantatas, masewero a ana, nyimbo zamasewero ndi mafilimu. Adakopeka ndi mitu ndi ziwembu zochokera ku moyo wa anthu osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi - adalowa mozama mumayendedwe ndi mzimu wa nyimbo zamtundu wa Albania, Vietnam, Turkey, Bulgaria, Spain, mayiko aku Africa ndi Arab East ... nyimbo zake zingatanthauzidwe kuti ndizofunika kwambiri osati chifukwa cha luso lake, komanso nyimbo za Soviet.
Ntchito zingapo zazikuluzikulu zimaperekedwa kumutu wa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lapansi ndipo zidapangidwa motsogozedwa ndi zochitika zenizeni. Izi ndi magawo awiri a Symphony Yoyamba - imodzi mwa ntchito zoyamba za mtundu uwu ku Azerbaijan (1943), imasiyanitsidwa ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa zithunzi zochititsa chidwi komanso zamawu. M'mayendedwe asanu a Second Symphony, olembedwa mokhudzana ndi kupambana kwa fascism (1946), miyambo ya nyimbo za Azerbaijani imasakanikirana ndi ya classicism (yofotokozera 4-movement passacaglia imachokera pamutu wa mugham). Mu 1945, mogwirizana ndi D. Gadzhnev, opera Veten (Motherland, lib. Wolemba I. Idayat-zade ndi M. Rahim) analengedwa, momwe lingaliro la ubwenzi pakati pa anthu a Soviet Union pomenyera ufulu. wa Motherland analimbikitsidwa.
Zina mwa ntchito za m'chipinda choyambirira, kujambula kwa piyano "The Tsarskoye Selo Statue" (pambuyo pa A. Pushkin, 1937) kumaonekeratu, chiyambi cha zithunzi zomwe zinatsimikiziridwa ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mawu amtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wochititsa chidwi. ; Sonatina mu A yaying'ono ya piyano (1943), pomwe zinthu zofotokozera dziko zimapangidwa mogwirizana ndi "classicism" ya Prokofiev; The Second String Quartet (yoperekedwa kwa D. Shostakovich, 1947), yodziwika chifukwa cha utoto wake wopepuka wachinyamata. Zokonda za Pushkin "Pamapiri a Georgia" ndi "I Loved You" (1947) zili m'mabuku abwino kwambiri a mawu a Karaev.
Zina mwa ntchito za nthawi okhwima ndi symphonic ndakatulo "Leyli ndi Majnun" (1947), umene unali chiyambi cha nyimbo-zochititsa chidwi symphony mu Azerbaijan. Tsoka lomvetsa chisoni la ngwazi za ndakatulo ya Nizami ya dzina lomweli lidaphatikizidwa mu chitukuko cha zithunzi zachisoni, zokonda, zopambana za ndakatuloyo. Chiwembu cha Nizami "Five" ("Khamse") chinapanga maziko a ballet "Seven Beauties" (1952, script ndi I. Idayat-zade, S. Rahman ndi Y. Slonimsky), momwe chithunzi cha moyo wa anthu a ku Azerbaijan m'mbuyomo, kulimbana kwake kolimba ndi opondereza. Chithunzi chapakati cha ballet ndi msungwana wosavuta wochokera kwa anthu, chikondi chake chodzipereka kwa Shah Bahram wopanda mphamvu ali ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Polimbana ndi Bahram, Aisha amatsutsidwa ndi zithunzi za Vizier wonyengerera komanso wokongola kwambiri, wokongola kwambiri. Ballet ya Karaev ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri chophatikiza zinthu za kuvina kwa anthu aku Azerbaijani ndi mfundo za symphonic za ballet za Tchaikovsky. Ballet yowala, yamitundu yambiri, yolemera m'malingaliro The Path of Bingu (yochokera m'buku la P. Abrahams, 1958), pomwe njira za ngwazi zimalumikizidwa ndi kulimbana kwa anthu aku Black Africa chifukwa cha ufulu wawo, ndizosangalatsa kwa akatswiri. adayambitsa mikangano yanyimbo komanso yochititsa chidwi, symphony ya Negro folklore elements (ballet inali nyimbo yoyamba ya Soviet kupanga nyimbo zamtundu wa ku Africa pamlingo wotere).
M'zaka zake zokhwima, ntchito ya Karaev inapitirira ndipo anayamba chizolowezi cholemeretsa nyimbo za Azerbaijan ndi njira zowonetsera zakale. Ntchito zomwe chikhalidwechi chimakhala chodziwika kwambiri ndi monga zojambula za symphonic Don Quixote (1960, pambuyo pa M. Cervantes), zodzaza ndi mawu a Chisipanishi, kuzungulira kwa zidutswa zisanu ndi zitatu, motsatizana ndi chithunzi chokongola kwambiri cha Knight of the Sad Image. zimatuluka; Sonata kwa violin ndi piyano (1960), wodzipereka kukumbukira wophunzitsa ubwana, woimba wodabwitsa V. Kozlov (chomaliza cha ntchitoyo, passacaglia yochititsa chidwi, imamangidwa pa anagram yake yomveka); 6 zidutswa zomaliza kuchokera kuzungulira kwa 24 "mayimba a piyano" (1951-63).
Maonekedwe amtundu wa anthu adapangidwa mwaluso kwambiri kuchokera ku kalembedwe kapamwamba mu Third Symphony for Chamber Orchestra (1964), imodzi mwazoyamba zazikulu za nyimbo za Soviet zomwe zidapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yaukadaulo.
Mutu wa symphony - malingaliro a munthu "za nthawi ndi za iye mwini" - umatsutsidwa mosiyanasiyana mu mphamvu ya zochita za gawo loyamba, mumtundu wa ashug wa nyimbo zachiwiri, mu filosofi ya Andante, mu kulanga’mba kobe, kupwija buswe bukatampe bwa mfulo ya mfulo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yanyimbo (zobwerekedwa kuchokera m'zaka za zana la 1974 ndi zamakono zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kalembedwe ka "big beat") kunatsimikizira masewero a nyimbo za The Furious Gascon (1967, zochokera ku Cyrano de Bergerac ndi E. Rostand) za French wotchuka ndakatulo freethinker. Kupanga kwa Karaev kumaphatikizaponso Violin Concerto (12, yoperekedwa kwa L. Kogan), yodzazidwa ndi umunthu wapamwamba, komanso kuzungulira kwa "1982 Fugues for Piano" - ntchito yomaliza ya woimbayo (XNUMX), chitsanzo cha malingaliro akuzama a filosofi ndi ma polyphonic anzeru. ukatswiri.
Nyimbo za mbuye wa Soviet zimamveka m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi. Mfundo zaluso ndi zokongola za Karaev, wolemba ndi mphunzitsi (kwa zaka zambiri anali pulofesa ku Azerbaijan State Conservatory), adagwira ntchito yaikulu pakupanga sukulu yamakono ya Azerbaijani ya olemba, yowerengera mibadwo ingapo ndi anthu olemera mu kulenga. . ntchito yake, amene organically anasungunuka miyambo ya chikhalidwe cha dziko ndi zomwe akwanitsa luso dziko kukhala latsopano, choyambirira khalidwe, anakulitsa malire omveka a nyimbo Azerbaijani.
A. Bretanitskaya
