Marimba: kufotokozera chida, kapangidwe, phokoso, ntchito, kusewera

Kusefukira kwa nyimbo zamtunduwu ku Afro-Ecuadorian idiophone mochititsa chidwi, kumakhala ndi hypnotic effect. Zaka zoposa 2000 zapitazo, anthu a ku Africa adapanga marimba pogwiritsa ntchito mtengo ndi mphonda. Masiku ano, chida choimbira choyimba ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyimbo zamakono, chikugwirizana ndi ntchito zodziwika bwino, komanso nyimbo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Marimba ndi chiyani

Chidacho ndi mtundu wa xylophone. Amafalitsidwa kwambiri ku America, Mexico, Indonesia. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito payekha, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi. Chifukwa cha kaphokoso kachete, kaŵirikaŵiri sikuphatikizidwa mu oimba. Marimba amaikidwa pansi. Wosewera amasewera pomenya ndi ndodo zokhala ndi mphira kapena nsonga za ulusi.

Kusiyana kwa xylophone

Zida zonse ziwirizi ndi za banja la percussion, koma zimakhala ndi zosiyana. Xylophone imakhala ndi mipiringidzo yautali wosiyanasiyana yokonzedwa mumzere umodzi. Marimba ali ndi zingwe ngati piyano, kotero kuti mitundu ndi timbre ndizokulirapo.

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa xylophone ndi idiophone ya ku Africa kulinso kutalika kwa ma resonator. Ntchito yawo idachitidwa kale ndi maungu ouma. Masiku ano machubu otulutsa mpweya amapangidwa ndi zitsulo ndi matabwa. Kiyilofoni ndi chachifupi. Kumveka kwa mawu a marimba kumachokera ku octave atatu mpaka asanu, xylophone imatulutsanso phokoso la zolemba mkati mwa ma octave awiri kapena anayi.

Chida chipangizo

Marimba imakhala ndi chimango chomwe chimapangidwa ndi matabwa. Rosewood amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamwambo. Woyimba komanso wopanga zida John C. Deegan nthawi ina adatsimikizira kuti mtengo wamtengo wa Honduras ndiwowongolera bwino kwambiri. Mipiringidzoyo imakonzedwa ngati makiyi a piyano. Amakonzedwanso. Pansi pawo pali ma resonator. Deegan anasintha ma resonator achikhalidwe ndi zitsulo.

Omenya amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusewera marimba. Nsonga zawo zimamangidwa ndi thonje kapena ulusi waubweya.

Kuchuluka kwa mawu kumadalira kusankha koyenera kwa omenya. Itha kukhala ngati xylophone, kukhala yakuthwa, kudina kapena kutulutsa chiwalo.

Mbiri yazomwe zachitika

Wojambula Manuel Paz adawonetsa chida choimbira chofanana ndi marimba mu chimodzi mwazojambula zake. Pansaluyo, mmodzi ankaimba, winayo akumvetsera nyimbo. Izi zikutsimikizira kuti zaka mazana angapo zapitazo idiophone ya ku Africa inali yotchuka ku North America.

Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti mbiri ya kupezeka kwake inalipo kale kwambiri. Anasewera ndi oimira fuko la Mandigo, pogwiritsa ntchito nkhonya pa nkhuni zosangalatsa, miyambo, pa maliro a anthu amtundu wina. Kumpoto kwa Transvaal, anthu a Bantu adabwera ndi lingaliro lakuyika matabwa pa arc, ndipo pansi pake adapachika machubu amatabwa ngati "soseji".

Ku South Africa, pali nthano ina yomwe mulungu wamkazi Marimba adadzisangalatsa poyimba chida chodabwitsa. Anapachika matabwa, ndipo pansi pake anaika maungu ouma. Anthu aku Africa amachiwona ngati chida chawo chachikhalidwe. M'mbuyomu, anthu okhala ku kontinentiyi ankasangalatsidwa ndi marimbieros oyendayenda. Ecuador ili ndi kuvina kwadziko komwe kuli dzina lomwelo. Amakhulupirira kuti pa kuvina, ochita masewerawa amasonyeza chikondi cha ufulu ndi chiyambi cha anthu.

kugwiritsa

Pambuyo pa kuyesa kwa John C. Deegan, mwayi wa nyimbo wa marimba unakula. Chidacho chinayamba kupanga zambiri, chinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma ensembles, orchestras. M'zaka za m'ma XNUMX zapitazi, iye anabwera ku Japan. Anthu okhala m’Dziko la Kutuluka kwa Dzuwa anakopeka ndi kulira kwa mawu achilendo. Panali masukulu ophunzirira kusewera pamenepo.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX zapitazi, marimba anali atakhazikika mu chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za ku Ulaya. Masiku ano pali zitsanzo zapadera zokhala ndi mawu osiyanasiyana mpaka ma octave asanu ndi limodzi. Osewera amagwiritsa ntchito timitengo tosiyanasiyana kukulitsa, kusintha, ndi kumveketsa bwino mawu.

Ntchito zanyimbo zalembedwa za marimba. Olemba Olivier Messiaen, Karen Tanaka, Steve Reich, Andrey Doinikov adagwiritsa ntchito muzolemba zawo. Anasonyeza momwe chida cha ku Africa chimamveka chophatikiza ndi bassoon, violin, cello, piyano.

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti anthu ambiri amaika nyimbo zoyimba nyimbo zojambulidwa pa marimba pamafoni awo, osakayikira n'komwe kuti ndi chida chotani chomwe chimamveka panthawiyi. Mutha kuzimva mu nyimbo za ABBA, Qween, Rolling Stones.

Njira yamasewera

Pakati pa zida zina zoimbira, marimba amaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zida zovuta kwambiri kuzidziwa. Itha kuseweredwa ndi munthu m'modzi kapena angapo. Wosewera sayenera kungodziwa kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka idiophone, komanso mwaluso timitengo zinayi nthawi imodzi. Amawagwira m’manja onse awiri, akugwira awiri mwa aliyense. Omenya akhoza kuikidwa m'manja mwanu, akudutsana wina ndi mzake. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa "crossover". Kapena kugwiridwa pakati pa zala - njira ya Messer.

Osewera otchuka

M'zaka za m'ma 70 L.Kh. Stevens wathandizira kwambiri kusintha kwa marimba kukhala nyimbo zamaphunziro. Iye anachita ntchito zambiri, analemba njira kuimba chida. Osewera otchuka akuphatikizapo woimba waku Japan Keiko Abe. Pa marimba, adaimba nyimbo zachikale ndi zamtundu, adayenda padziko lonse lapansi, ndikuchita nawo mpikisano wapadziko lonse. Mu 2016 iye anapereka konsati mu holo ya Mariinsky Theatre. Oyimba ena omwe amasewera ndi chida ichi ndi Robert Van Size, Martin Grubinger, Bogdan Bocanu, Gordon Stout.

Marimbu ndi wapachiyambi, phokoso lake limatha kuchititsa chidwi, ndipo mayendedwe a omenya amapanga kumverera kofanana ndi hypnosis. Podutsa zaka zambiri, idiophone ya ku Africa yapindula kwambiri mu nyimbo zamaphunziro, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyimbo za Chilatini, jazz, pop ndi rock.