Gong: kapangidwe ka zida, mbiri yakale, mitundu, ntchito

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2020, ogwira ntchito ku China mumzinda wa Changle adapeza chida chosungidwa bwino cha mkuwa pamalo omanga. Atafufuza, akatswiri a mbiri yakale adatsimikiza kuti gong yomwe idapezeka ndi nthawi ya Shang Dynasty (1046 BC). Pamwamba pake amakongoletsedwa mowolowa manja ndi zojambula zokongoletsera, zithunzi za mitambo ndi mphezi, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 33 kilogalamu. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti zida zakale zotere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama masiku ano mu maphunziro, nyimbo za opera, miyambo ya dziko, pazochitika zomveka komanso kusinkhasinkha.

Mbiri yakale

Gongo lalikulu linkagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwambo. Zinkawoneka zaka zoposa 3000 zapitazo, zimatengedwa ngati chida chakale cha China. Mayiko ena a kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa Asia analinso ndi zilankhulo zofanana. Ankakhulupirira kuti phokoso lamphamvu limatha kuthamangitsa mizimu yoipa. Kumwaza mafunde mumlengalenga, adalowetsa anthu mumkhalidwe womwe uli pafupi ndi chikomokere.

Patapita nthawi, gongyo inayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa anthu, kulengeza kubwera kwa anthu ofunika. M’nthaŵi zakale, iye anali chida choimbira chankhondo, chokhazikitsa gulu lankhondo kaamba ka chiwonongeko chopanda chifundo cha mdani, mphamvu zankhondo.

Zolemba zakale zimanena za chiyambi cha gong kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa China pachilumba cha Java. Iye mwamsanga anapeza kutchuka m'dziko lonse, anayamba kumveka zisudzo zisudzo. Nthawi inakhala yopanda mphamvu pakupanga kwa China yakale. Chipangizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano mu nyimbo zachikale, ma symphony orchestras, opera.

Kumanga kwa Gong

Chitsulo chachikulu chachitsulo choyimitsidwa pa chithandizo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena matabwa, chomwe chimamenyedwa ndi mallet - maleta. Pamwamba ndi concave, awiri akhoza kukhala 14 mpaka 80 centimita. Gong ndi idiophone yachitsulo yokhala ndi phula linalake, la banja la metallophone. Popanga zida zoyimbira, ma alloys amkuwa ndi amkuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pa Sewero, woimbayo amamenya mbali zosiyanasiyana za bwalo ndi maleta, zomwe zimachititsa kuti azigwedezeka. Phokoso lochotsedwa likukulirakulira, likuwonetsa bwino malingaliro a nkhawa, chinsinsi, mantha. Kaŵirikaŵiri kamvekedwe ka mawu sikudutsa ka octave yaing’ono, koma gongo limatha kumveketsa mawu ena.

Zosiyanasiyana

Pakugwiritsa ntchito masiku ano, pali ma gongs opitilira dazeni atatu kuyambira zazikulu mpaka zazing'ono. Zofala kwambiri ndi zomangika. Amaseweredwa ndi ndodo, zofanana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poimba ng'oma. Chida chokulirapo chimakhala chokulirapo ndi ma maleti.

Zida zooneka ngati kapu zili ndi kaseweredwe kosiyana kwambiri. Woimbayo “amakupiza” chingwecho poyendetsa chala chake m’chizungulire chake ndi kumenya ndi chipilicho. Imatulutsa mawu omveka bwino. Zida zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'Chibuda.

Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa goli Kumadzulo ndi mbale yoyimbira ya ku Nepal yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa mawu. Kukula kwake kumatha kusiyana ndi mainchesi 4 mpaka 8, ndipo mawonekedwe ozindikira mawu ndi kulemera kwa magalamu.

Pali mitundu ina:

• chau - m'nthawi zakale adasewera ngati siren wapolisi wamakono, phokoso lomwe linali loyenera kuchotsa njira yopita kwa olemekezeka. Kukula kuyambira 7 mpaka 80 mainchesi. Pamwamba pamakhala pafupifupi lathyathyathya, m'mphepete mwake amapindika molunjika. Malingana ndi kukula kwake, chidacho chinapatsidwa mayina a Dzuwa, Mwezi ndi mapulaneti osiyanasiyana. Kotero phokoso la Solar Gong likhoza kukhala ndi phindu pa dongosolo lamanjenje, kukhala chete, kuthetsa nkhawa.
• jing ndi fuyin - chipangizo chokhala ndi mainchesi 12, chofanana ndi kondomu yotsika pang'ono. Mapangidwe apadera amakulolani kuti muchepetse kamvekedwe ka mawu panthawi ya nyimbo.
• "Nipple" - chipangizocho chimakhala ndi chotupa pakati pa bwalo, chomwe chimapangidwa ndi alloy yosiyana. Mosinthana kugunda thupi la gong, ndiye "nipple", woyimba amasinthana pakati pa mawu olimba komanso owala.
• fung luo - kapangidwe kake kakuyimiridwa ndi zida ziwiri zokhala ndi ma diameter osiyanasiyana. Yaikulu imatsitsa kamvekedwe, yaying'ono imakweza. Anthu aku China amawatcha kuti fung luo, amawagwiritsa ntchito m'masewera a opera.
• pasi - pakugwiritsa ntchito zisudzo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza kuyamba kwa ntchito.

  "brindle" kapena hui yin - ndizosavuta kusokoneza ndi "opera". Chidacho chimatha kutsitsa pang'ono phokoso. Pamene akusewera, woimbayo akugwira chimbalecho ndi chingwe.

• "dzuwa" kapena feng - chida cha opera, chodziwika bwino komanso chamwambo chokhala ndi makulidwe ofanana m'dera lonselo komanso phokoso lomwe limazirala mwachangu. Kutalika kuchokera 6 mpaka 40 mainchesi.
• "mphepo" - ili ndi dzenje pakati. Kukula kwa gong kumafika mainchesi 40, phokosolo ndi lalitali, lotulutsidwa, ngati kulira kwa mphepo.
• heng luo - kuthekera kotulutsa phokoso lalitali la pianissimo lomwe limawola kwanthawi yayitali. Imodzi mwa mitunduyi ndi ng'ombe za "dzinja". Chosiyanitsa chawo ndi kukula kwawo kochepa (masentimita 10 okha) ndi "nipple" pakati.

Kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, chisinthiko chakuda, chosapukutidwa, chomwe chimatchedwa "Balinese" ku Ulaya, chafalikira. Mawonekedwe - kuwonjezereka kofulumira kwa kamvekedwe ndi mapangidwe a staccato yakuthwa.

Udindo mu oimba

Gongs amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Peking Opera. M'malo oimba a orchestra, amapanga mawu a nkhawa, kufunika kwa chochitikacho, ndikuwonetsa zoopsa. Mu nyimbo za symphonic, chida chakale kwambiri cha nyimbo chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi PI Tchaikovsky, MI Glinka, SV Rachmaninov, NA Rimsky-Korsakov. Mu chikhalidwe cha anthu aku Asia, mawu ake amatsagana ndi manambala ovina. Atadutsa zaka mazana ambiri, gongo silinataye tanthauzo lake, silinatayike. Masiku ano zimapereka mwayi wokulirapo pakukhazikitsa malingaliro anyimbo a olemba.