Henriette Sontag |

Henrietta Sontag

Henrietta Sontag ndi m'modzi mwa oimba odziwika kwambiri ku Europe m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Anali ndi mawu omveka bwino, osinthasintha, omveka modabwitsa a timbre, okhala ndi kaundula wapamwamba kwambiri. The luso mtima woimba ali pafupi ndi virtuoso coloratura ndi nyimbo nyimbo mu opera Mozart, Weber, Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti.

Henrietta Sontag (dzina lenileni Gertrude Walpurgis-Sontag; mwamuna wa Rossi) anabadwa pa January 3, 1806 ku Koblenz, m'banja la zisudzo. Anakwera siteji ali mwana. Wojambula wachinyamatayo adaphunzira luso la mawu ku Prague: mu 1816-1821 adaphunzira ku Conservatory m'deralo. Anayamba kuwonekera mu 1820 pa siteji ya opera ya Prague. Pambuyo pake, iye anaimba mu likulu la Austria. Kutchuka kwakukulu kunamupangitsa kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga kwa opera ya Weber "Evryanta". Mu 1823 K.-M. Weber, atamva nyimbo ya Sontag, adamuuza kuti akhale woyamba kuchita nawo gawo lalikulu mu opera yake yatsopano. Woyimba wachinyamatayo sanakhumudwitse ndipo adayimba bwino kwambiri.

Mu 1824, L. Beethoven anapatsa Sontag, pamodzi ndi woimba wa ku Hungary Caroline Ungar, kuti azichita mbali zake payekha mu Misa mu D Major ndi Ninth Symphony.

Pamene Misa Yaikulu ndi Symphony ndi kwaya inkachitika, Henrietta anali ndi zaka makumi awiri, Caroline ali ndi zaka makumi awiri ndi chimodzi. Beethoven adadziwa oimba onsewa kwa miyezi ingapo; iye anawalowetsa m’nyumba. “Popeza anayesa kundipsompsona m’manja mwanga, iye akulembera kalata mchimwene wake Johann, “ndipo popeza anali okongola kwambiri, ndinasankha kuwapsompsona pamilomo yanga.”

Izi ndi zomwe E. Herriot adanena: "Caroline ndi wochititsa chidwi kuti adzitetezere yekha gawo la "Melusine" lomwe Beethoven adakonza kuti alembe palemba la Grillparzer. Schindler akulengeza kuti "uyu ndi Mdyerekezi mwiniwake, wodzala ndi moto ndi zongopeka". Kuganizira za Sontag ya Fidelio. Beethoven anawapatsa iwo ntchito zazikulu zonse ziwiri. Koma kubwerezabwerezako, monga taonera, kunali kovutirapo. Caroline anamuuza kuti: “Ndiwe wankhanza. Henrietta anamufunsa kuti: “Manote apamwambawa, mungawalowe m’malo?” Wolembayo amakana kusintha ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono, kuti agwirizane ndi chikhalidwe cha Chitaliyana, kuti alowe m'malo mwa cholemba chimodzi. Komabe, Henrietta amaloledwa kuyimba gawo lake la mezzo voce. Azimayi achicheperewo adasunga kukumbukira kosangalatsa kwambiri kwa mgwirizanowu, zaka zambiri pambuyo pake adavomereza kuti nthawi iliyonse akalowa m'chipinda cha Beethoven ndikumverera komweko komwe okhulupirira amadutsa pakhomo la kachisi.

M'chaka chomwechi, Sontag idzakhala ndi zipambano ku Leipzig mumasewero a The Free Gunner ndi Evryants. Mu 1826, ku Paris, woyimbayo adayimba mbali za Rosina mu Rossini The Barber of Seville, kudabwitsa anthu osankhidwa ndi kusiyana kwake mu phunziro la kuyimba.

Kutchuka kwa woyimbayo kukukulirakulira kuchoka pakuchita bwino mpaka kuchita bwino. Mmodzi pambuyo pa mzake, mizinda yatsopano ya ku Ulaya imalowa mumayendedwe ake oyendayenda. M'zaka zotsatira, Sontag adachita ku Brussels, The Hague, London.

Prince wokongola Pückler-Muskau, anakumana ndi Ammayi ku London mu 1828, yomweyo anagonjetsedwa ndi iye. “Ndikanakhala mfumu,” iye ankakonda kunena kuti, “ndikanalola kuti anditengere. Akuwoneka ngati wachinyengo kwenikweni. " Pückler amasilira Henrietta. “Iye amavina ngati mngelo; ndiwatsopano komanso wokongola kwambiri, nthawi yomweyo wofatsa, wolota komanso wamamvekedwe abwino kwambiri.

Pückler adakumana naye ku von Bulow's, adamumva ku Don Giovanni, adalonjera kumbuyo kwake, adakumananso naye ku konsati ya Duke of Devonshire, pomwe woimbayo adanyoza kalongayo ndi zinyalala zopanda vuto. Sontag adalandiridwa mwachidwi m'gulu la Chingerezi. Esterhazy, Clenwilliam ali ndi chidwi ndi iye. Püclair atenga Henriette kuti akwere naye kukwera, amayendera madera a Greenwich mu kampani yake, ndipo, atakopeka kotheratu, akulakalaka kukwatirana naye. Tsopano iye akulankhula za Sontag m’mawu ena: “N’zodabwitsadi mmene mtsikana wamng’ono ameneyu anasungirira chiyero ndi kusalakwa kwake m’malo oterowo; fluff yomwe imaphimba khungu la chipatsocho yasunga kutsitsimuka kwake konse.

Mu 1828, Sontag anakwatira mwachinsinsi kazembe wa ku Italy Count Rossi, yemwe panthawiyo anali nthumwi ya Sardinian ku The Hague. Patatha zaka ziwiri, mfumu ya Prussia inakweza woimbayo kukhala anthu olemekezeka.

Pückler anali wachisoni kwambiri ndi kugonja kwake monga momwe chibadwa chake chingalolere. Ku Muskau Park, adakhazikitsa chojambula chojambula. Atamwalira mu 1854 paulendo wopita ku Mexico, kalongayo anamanga kachisi weniweni mu kukumbukira kwake ku Branitsa.

Mwinamwake mapeto a njira ya luso la Sontag anali kukhala kwake ku St. Petersburg ndi Moscow mu 1831. Anthu a ku Russia anayamikira kwambiri luso la woimba wa ku Germany. Zhukovsky ndi Vyazemsky analankhula mokondwera za iye, ndakatulo ambiri odzipereka kwa iye ndakatulo. Pambuyo pake, Stasov adawona "kukongola kwa Raphaelian ndi kukongola kwake."

Sontag analidi ndi mawu osowa pulasitiki komanso coloratura virtuosity. Anagonjetsa anthu a m'nthawi yake mu zisudzo ndi zisudzo. Sizinapite pachabe kuti anzake woimbayo anamutcha "German nightingale."

Mwina ndichifukwa chake chikondi chodziwika bwino cha Alyabyev chinakopa chidwi chake paulendo wake waku Moscow. Amalankhula za izi mwatsatanetsatane m'buku lake lochititsa chidwi "Masamba a AA Alyabyeva" woimba nyimbo B. Steinpress. “Ankakonda kwambiri nyimbo ya Alyabyev ya ku Russia yakuti “The Nightingale,” analemba motero mkulu wa ku Moscow A.Ya. kwa mbale wake. Bulgakov anatchula mawu a woimbayo: “Mwana wanu wamkazi wokondedwa anandiimbira tsiku lina, ndipo ndinaikonda kwambiri; muyenera kukonza mavesiwo mosiyanasiyana, aria uyu amakondedwa kwambiri pano ndipo ndikufuna kuyiimba". Aliyense adavomereza lingaliro lake, ndipo ... adaganiza kuti ayimbe ... "Nightingale". Nthawi yomweyo anapeka kusiyanasiyana kokongola, ndipo ndinalimba mtima kumperekeza; sakhulupirira kuti sindikudziwa ngakhale noti imodzi. Aliyense anayamba kubalalika, ndidakhala naye mpaka pafupifupi XNUMX koloko, adabwerezanso mawu ndi nyimbo za Nightingale, atalowa mozama mu nyimboyi, ndipo, ndithudi, adzakondweretsa aliyense.

Ndipo kotero izo zinachitika July 28, 1831, pamene wojambula anachita Alyabyev chikondi pa mpira anakonza mwaulemu wake ndi Kazembe General wa Moscow. Kutengeka ndiko kukwatulidwa, komabe m'magulu a anthu apamwamba woyimba waluso sangalephere kukhala wonyozeka. Izi zikhoza kuweruzidwa ndi mawu amodzi a kalata ya Pushkin. Podzudzula mkazi wake chifukwa chochita nawo mpira wina, wolemba ndakatuloyo analemba kuti: “Sindikufuna kuti mkazi wanga azipita kumene mwiniwakeyo amalola kuti asamacheze ndi kunyozetsa. Simuli m-lle Sontag, amene amaitanidwa madzulo, ndiyeno samamuyang'ana.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 30, Sontag adasiya siteji ya opera, koma anapitiriza kuchita masewera. Mu 1838, tsoka linamubweretsanso ku St. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mwamuna wake, Count of Rossi, anali kazembe wa Sardinia kuno.

Mu 1848, mavuto azachuma adakakamiza Sontag kubwerera ku nyumba ya opera. Ngakhale kuti anapuma nthawi yayitali, kupambana kwake kwatsopano kunatsatira ku London, Brussels, Paris, Berlin, ndi kutsidya kwa nyanja. Nthawi yomaliza yomwe adamvetsera anali ku likulu la Mexico. Kumeneko anamwalira mwadzidzidzi pa June 17, 1854.