Nikolay Semenovych Golovanov (Nikolay Golovanov) |
Nikolay Golovanov
Zimakhala zovuta kukokomeza udindo wa woimba wodabwitsa uyu pakukula kwa chikhalidwe cha Soviet. Kwa zaka zoposa makumi anayi Golovanov ntchito zipatso anapitiriza, kusiya chizindikiro chachikulu pa siteji ya zisudzo ndi moyo konsati ya dziko. Iye anabweretsa miyambo yamoyo ya Russian classics mu achinyamata Soviet zisudzo luso.
Golovanov ali wamng'ono analandira sukulu yabwino kwambiri ku Moscow Synodal School (1900-1909), kumene anaphunzitsidwa ndi otsogolera kwaya otchuka V. Orlov ndi A. Kastalsky. Mu 1914 anamaliza maphunziro ake ndi ulemu ku Moscow Conservatory mu kalasi yolemba pansi pa M. Ippolitov-Ivanov ndi S. Vasilenko. Posakhalitsa, wochititsa wamng'onoyo anali atayamba kale ntchito yamphamvu yolenga ku Bolshoi Theatre. Mu 1919, Golovanov anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu pano - motsogozedwa ndi opera Rimsky-Korsakov "Nthano ya Tsar Saltan".
Ntchito za Golovanov zinali zamphamvu komanso zambiri. M'zaka zoyambirira za chisinthiko, adatenga nawo mbali mu bungwe la situdiyo ya opera ku Bolshoi Theatre (kenako Stanislavsky Opera House), pamodzi ndi AV Nezhdanova paulendo wake wa ku Western Europe (1922-1923), analemba nyimbo (iye. analemba zisudzo ziwiri, symphony, zachikondi ambiri ndi ntchito zina), amaphunzitsa opera ndi oimba makalasi pa Moscow Conservatory (1925-1929). Kuyambira 1937, Golovanov anatsogolera All-Union Radio Grand Symphony Orchestra, amene pansi pa utsogoleri wake wakhala mmodzi wa magulu bwino nyimbo mu dziko.
Kwa zaka zambiri, zisudzo Golovanov konsati anali mbali yofunika ya moyo luso la Soviet Union. N. Anosov analemba kuti: "Mukaganizira za chithunzi cha kulenga cha Nikolai Semenovich Golovanov, chikhalidwe chake cha dziko chikuwoneka ngati chinthu chachikulu, chodziwika kwambiri. Chikhalidwe cha dziko la Russia cha zilandiridwenso chimakhudza machitidwe a Golovanov, kuchititsa ndi kupanga.
Zowonadi, wotsogolera adawona ntchito yake yayikulu muzabodza komanso kufalitsa konsekonse kwa nyimbo zachikale zaku Russia. Mu mapulogalamu a symphony madzulo ake nthawi zambiri ankapezeka mayina Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Borodin, Rimsky-Korsakov, Scriabin, Glazunov, Rachmaninov. Kutembenukira ku ntchito za nyimbo za Soviet, adayang'ana choyamba pazotsatira zotsatizana pokhudzana ndi zakale zaku Russia; nzosadabwitsa kuti Golovanov anali woimba woyamba wa Fifth, Sixth, Twenty-Second Symphonies ndi "Greeting Overture" ya N. Myaskovsky.
Ntchito yaikulu ya moyo wa Golovanov inali nyimbo zisudzo. Ndipo apa chidwi chake chinali pafupifupi cholunjika pa Russian opera classics. The Bolshoi Theatre adapanga pafupifupi makumi awiri oyamba kalasi motsogozedwa ndi iye. Nyimbo za kondakitala zidakongoletsedwa ndi Ruslan ndi Lyudmila, Eugene Onegin, Mfumukazi ya Spades, Boris Godunov, Khovanshchina, Sorochinskaya Fair, Prince Igor, The Tale of Tsar Saltan, Sadko, Mkwatibwi wa Tsar, May Night, Usiku Usanafike Khrisimasi, The Golden Cockerel, The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh ndi Maiden Fevronia-m'mawu amodzi, pafupifupi ma opera abwino kwambiri a oimba a ku Russia.
Golovanov modabwitsa anamva mochenjera ndipo ankadziwa zenizeni za siteji ya opera. Mapangidwe a mfundo zake zamasewera adathandizidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito limodzi ndi A. Nezhdanova, F. Chaliapin, P. Sobinov. Malinga ndi anthu a m'nthawi yake, Golovanov nthawi zonse ankafufuza mwakhama njira zonse za moyo wa zisudzo, mpaka kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo okongola. Mu opera ya ku Russia, adakopeka makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa malingaliro, kuchuluka kwa malingaliro, komanso kukhudzidwa kwamalingaliro. Popeza ankadziwa bwino mawu omveka bwino, ankatha kugwira ntchito bwino ndi oimba, n'kumafunafuna kusonyeza luso lawo. M. Maksakova akukumbukira kuti: “Mphamvu zenizeni zamatsenga zinatuluka mwa iye. Kukhalapo kwake kokha nthawi zina kunali kokwanira kumva nyimboyo mwanjira yatsopano, kumvetsetsa zina zomwe zidabisika kale. Pamene Golovanov anayima kumbuyo kwa console, dzanja lake linapanga phokoso molunjika kwambiri, osalola kuti "lifalikire". Chikhumbo chake chofuna kutsindika kwambiri pakusintha kwamphamvu ndi tempo nthawi zina kumayambitsa mikangano. Koma m’njira zosiyanasiyana, wotsogolerayo anafika pojambula bwino kwambiri.”
Golovanov ankagwira ntchito ndi gulu la oimba mosalekeza komanso mwadala. Nkhani za "nkhanza" za Golovanov kwa oimba zidakhala pafupifupi nthano. Koma izi zinali chabe zofuna zosasunthika za wojambula, ntchito yake monga woimba. "Amanena kuti wotsogolera amakakamiza zofuna za oimbayo, amadzigonjetsa yekha," adatero Golovanov. - Izi ndi zoona komanso zofunika, koma, ndithudi, mkati mwa malire oyenera. Pakukwaniritsa chimodzi chonse, payenera kukhala chifuniro chimodzi. Izi, mtima wake wonse, mphamvu zake zonse Golovanov anapereka kwa utumiki Russian nyimbo.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek
