Hermann Abendroth |

Herman Abendroth

Njira yolenga ya Herman Abendroth idadutsa kwambiri pamaso pa omvera a Soviet. Anabwera koyamba ku USSR mu 1925. Panthawiyi, wojambula wazaka makumi anayi ndi ziwiri anali atakwanitsa kale kutenga malo olimba m'gulu la otsogolera a ku Ulaya, omwe panthawiyo anali olemera kwambiri ndi mayina aulemerero. Kumbuyo kwake kunali sukulu yabwino kwambiri (analeredwa ku Munich motsogoleredwa ndi F. Motl) ndipo anali wodziwa zambiri monga wochititsa. Kale mu 1903, wochititsa wamng'ono anatsogolera Munich "Orchestral Society" ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri anakhala wochititsa opera ndi zoimbaimba mu Lübeck. Kenako anagwira ntchito mu Essen, Cologne, ndipo pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, pokhala pulofesa, anatsogolera Cologne School of Music ndipo anayamba ntchito yophunzitsa. Maulendo ake anachitikira ku France, Italy, Denmark, Netherlands; katatu anadza ku dziko lathu. Mmodzi wa otsutsa Soviet anati: “Wochititsa chidwi anamva chisoni kwambiri ndi sewero loyamba. Tinganene kuti mwa munthu wa Abendroth tinakumana ndi umunthu wamkulu waluso ... Abendroth ndi wokondweretsa kwambiri monga katswiri waluso komanso woimba waluso kwambiri yemwe adatengera miyambo yabwino kwambiri ya chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za ku Germany. chifundo ichi chinalimbikitsidwa pambuyo pa ma concert ambiri omwe wojambulayo adachita nyimbo zambiri komanso zosiyana siyana, kuphatikizapo ntchito za oimba omwe amakonda - Handel, Beethoven, Schubert, Bruckner, Wagner, Liszt, Reger, R. Strauss; sewero la Fifth Symphony la Tchaikovsky linalandiridwa mwachikondi kwambiri.

Choncho, mu 20s omvera Soviet anayamikira talente ndi luso wochititsa. I. Sollertinsky analemba kuti: “Mwa luso la Abendroth lodziŵa bwino gulu la okhestra palibe chilichonse chosonyeza kuima, kudzipanga mwadala kapena kugwedezeka. Ndi zida zazikulu zaukadaulo, sakonda konse kukopana ndi ukoma wa dzanja lake kapena chala chaching'ono chakumanzere. Ndi manja aukali komanso otakata, Abendroth amatha kuchotsa mwana wamkulu wa oimba popanda kutaya bata lakunja. Msonkhano watsopano ndi Abendroth unachitika kale mu zaka makumi asanu. Kwa ambiri, ichi chinali chidziwitso choyamba, chifukwa omvera anakula ndikusintha. Luso la wojambulayo silinayime. Panthawiyi, mbuye wanzeru m'moyo ndi zokumana nazo adawonekera pamaso pathu. Izi ndi zachilengedwe: kwa zaka zambiri, Abendrot ankagwira ntchito ndi magulu abwino kwambiri a ku Germany, akuwongolera zisudzo ndi zoimbaimba ku Weimar, panthawi yomweyi analinso wotsogolera wamkulu wa Berlin Radio Orchestra ndipo adayendera mayiko ambiri. Kulankhula ku USSR mu 1951 ndi 1954, Abendroth adakopanso omvera ndikuwonetsa mbali zabwino za luso lake. “Chochitika chosangalatsa m’moyo wanyimbo wa likulu lathu,” analemba motero D. Shostakovich, “chinali kuyimba kwa nyimbo zonse zisanu ndi zinayi za Beethoven, Coriolanus Overture ndi Third Piano Concerto motsogozedwa ndi wotsogolera wachijeremani Hermann Abendroth … G. Abendroth. adalungamitsa ziyembekezo za Muscovites. Anadziwonetsa yekha kukhala wodziwa bwino kwambiri za Beethoven, womasulira waluso wa malingaliro a Beethoven. Mu kutanthauzira kosamveka kwa G. Abendroth onse mu mawonekedwe ndi okhutira, ma symphonies a Beethoven anamveka ndi chilakolako chakuya champhamvu, chokhazikika mu ntchito zonse za Beethoven. Kawirikawiri, akafuna kukondwerera wotsogolera, amanena kuti ntchito yake inamveka "mwa njira yatsopano". Kuyenerera kwa Hermann Abendroth kwagona ndendende kuti mu ntchito yake nyimbo za Beethoven sizinamveke mwanjira yatsopano, koma mu njira ya Beethoven. Ponena za mawonekedwe a wojambula ngati wotsogolera, mnzake waku Soviet A. Gauk anagogomezera "kuphatikiza kwa luso la kulingalira pamitundu yayikulu yokhala ndi chojambula chomveka bwino, cholondola, chatsatanetsatane cha tsatanetsatane wa zigoli, chikhumbo chofuna kuzindikira chida chilichonse, gawo lililonse, mawu aliwonse, kugogomezera kuthwa kwa chithunzicho.”

Zonsezi zinapangitsa Abendroth kukhala wotanthauzira modabwitsa wa nyimbo za Bach ndi Mozart, Beethoven ndi Bruckner; Iwo anamulola kuti alowe mu kuya kwa ntchito Tchaikovsky, symphonies Shostakovich ndi Prokofiev, amene anatenga malo kwambiri mu repertoire yake.

Abendrot mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake adatsogolera ntchito yayikulu ya konsati.

Wotsogolera adapereka talente yake ngati wojambula komanso mphunzitsi pantchito yomanga chikhalidwe chatsopano cha German Democratic Republic. Boma la GDR linamulemekeza ndi mphoto zapamwamba komanso Mphotho Yadziko Lonse (1949).

Grigoriev LG, Platek Ya. M., 1969