Mpira Wambiri

Tuba - chida chaching'ono kwambiri choyimba kuchokera ku zida zingapo zamkuwa zamkuwa komanso zotsika kwambiri m'kaundula pakati pa mtundu wake. Chida chatsopanocho chinapangidwa ku Germany ndi amisiri W. Wiepricht ndi K. Moritz. Tuba yoyamba idapangidwa mu 1835 mu msonkhano wanyimbo ndi zida za Moritz. Komabe, makina a valve analengedwa molakwika, chifukwa chake, timbre poyamba inali yowawa, yowopsya komanso yonyansa. Ma tubas oyambirira ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha mu "munda" ndi oimba ankhondo. Katswiri wina wamkulu wa zida, Adolphe Sax, adakwanitsa kukonza, kupanga momwe tikudziwira lero, ndikupatseni moyo weniweni wa orchestra chida chitafika ku France. Atasankha masikelo eni eni ndikuwerengera bwino kutalika kofunikira kwa gawo loyimba, mbuyeyo adapeza sonority yabwino kwambiri. Tuba anali chida chomaliza, ndi kubwera kwake komwe nyimbo ya symphony orchestra idapangidwa. Mtsogoleri wa tuba anali ophicleide wakale, yemwe adalowa m'malo mwa chida chachikulu cha bass - njoka. Tuba adawonekera koyamba ngati gawo la oimba a symphony mu 1843 pamsonkhano woyamba wa Wagner's The Flying Dutchman.

Chida cha chubu

Tuba ndi chida chachikulu cha kukula kochititsa chidwi. Kutalika kwa chubu chake chamkuwa kumafika mamita 6, omwe ndiatali nthawi 2 kuposa chubu cha tenor trombone. Chidacho chimapangidwa kuti chimveke bwino. Chubuchi chili ndi ma valve 4. Ngati atatu oyambirira amachepetsa phokoso ndi toni, matani 0,5 ndi matani 1,5, ndiye kuti chipata chachinayi chimatsitsa kaundula ndi chachinayi. Chomaliza, valavu ya 4 imatchedwa valavu ya kotala, imakanizidwa ndi chala chaching'ono cha woimbayo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Zida zina zilinso ndi valavu yachisanu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza mawu. Zimadziwika kuti tuba inalandira valavu yachisanu mu 5, ndipo mu 1880 inalandira zowonjezera zisanu ndi chimodzi, zomwe zimatchedwa "transposing" kapena "correcting" valve. Masiku ano, valve "yokonza" ndi yachisanu, palibe chachisanu ndi chimodzi.

Zovuta kusewera tuba

Posewera tuba, mpweya umakhala wokwera kwambiri. Nthawi zina wosewera wa tuba amayenera kusintha mpweya wake pafupifupi chilichonse. Izi zikufotokozera ma tuba solos amfupi komanso osowa. Kuisewera kumafuna maphunziro athunthu nthawi zonse. Ma Tubists amasamalira kwambiri kupuma koyenera ndikuchita mitundu yonse ya masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti mapapu akule. Panthawi yamasewera, imachitikira patsogolo panu, belu mmwamba. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, chidacho chimaonedwa kuti sichikugwira ntchito, chosokoneza. Komabe, luso lake luso si zoipa kuposa zida zina zamkuwa. Ngakhale kuti pali zovuta zonse, tuba ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri mu oimba, chifukwa cha kaundula wake wotsika. Nthawi zambiri amasewera gawo la bass.

Tuba ndi zamakono

Imagawidwa ngati chida cha orchestral ndi ensemble. Zowona, oimba amakono ndi olemba akuyesera kutsitsimutsa kutchuka kwawo kwakale, kupeza mbali zatsopano ndi mwayi wobisika. Makamaka kwa iye, zidutswa zamakonsati zinalembedwa, zomwe mpaka pano zakhala zochepa kwambiri. M'gulu la oimba a symphony, tuba imodzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma tubas awiri amatha kupezeka mumkuwa, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu nyimbo za jazi ndi pop. Tuba ndi chida choimbira chovuta kwambiri chomwe chimafunikira luso lenileni komanso luso lotha kuyimba. Osewera odziwika bwino a tuba akuphatikiza American Arnold Jacobs, katswiri wanyimbo zachikale William Bell, woyimba waku Russia, woyimba nyimbo, wochititsa Vladislav Blazhevich, wochita bwino kwambiri pamasewera a jazi ndi nyimbo zakale, pulofesa wa John Fletcher School of Music ndi ena.