Carl Millöcker |
Carl Millöcker
Millöcker ndi nthumwi yodziwika bwino ya sukulu ya operetta ya ku Austria. Wodziwa bwino zisudzo, wodziwa bwino za mtunduwo, iye, ngakhale analibe talente yayikulu, adapanga chimodzi mwazofunikira za operetta ya ku Austria - "Wophunzira Wopempha", momwe adagwiritsa ntchito mwaluso mavinidwe a Viennese ndi nyimbo. kutembenuka kwanyimbo. Ngakhale kuti sanalenge ntchito yofunika kwambiri isanayambe komanso itatha The Beggar Student, chifukwa cha operetta iyi, Millöker anayenera kulowa m'magulu apamwamba a mtunduwo.
Zolemba za Offenbach nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachilendo kwa wolemba. Iye ndi wongoyimba chabe nyimbo, ndipo ntchito zake zimakhala zoseketsa zokhala ndi nyimbo zamtundu wa Viennese, zokhala ndi zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku. Mu nyimbo zake, nyimbo za Waltz, Marichi, nyimbo zamtundu wa ku Austria zimamveka.
Carl Millöcker Anabadwa pa April 29, 1842 ku Vienna, m'banja la wosula golide. Analandira maphunziro ake oimba ku Conservatory ya Vienna Society of Friends of Music. Mu 1858, adayamba ntchito yake yoimba ngati woyimba zitoliro m'gulu la zisudzo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mnyamatayo akuyamba kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku ting'onoting'ono ta mawu kupita ku ntchito zazikulu za symphonic. Chifukwa cha thandizo la Suppe, amene anafotokoza luso woimba oimba, ali ndi zaka makumi awiri ndi ziwiri, iye analandira malo monga mkulu wa zisudzo mu Graz. Kumeneko adayamba kutembenukira ku operetta, ndikupanga masewero awiri - "The Dead Guest" ndi "Two Knitters".
Kuyambira 1866, adakhala wotsogolera ku An der Wien Theatre, ndipo mu 1868 adapanga kuwonekera kwake ku likulu ndi operetta yachitatu "Chaste Diana", yolembedwa momveka bwino ndi Offenbach. Pambuyo pake, operetta yake yoyamba ya usiku wonse, The Island of Women, imachitikira ku Deutsches Theatre ku Budapest, momwe mphamvu ya Suppe ikuwonekera. Zisudzo sizikuyenda bwino, ndipo Millöcker, yemwe wakhala mtsogoleri wa An der Wien Theatre kuyambira 1869, amasintha kwa nthawi yaitali kuti apange nyimbo zotsatizana nazo kuti ziwonetsedwe kwambiri.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 70, adabwereranso ku operetta. Mmodzi pambuyo pake, The Enchanted Castle (1878), The Countess Dubarry (1879), Apayun (1880), The Maid of Belleville (1881) amawonekera, zomwe zimamupangitsa kukhala wotchuka. Ntchito yotsatira - "Wophunzira Wopempha" (1882) - amaika Milloker m'gulu la omwe adapanga operetta. Ntchitoyi ikutsatiridwa ndi The Regimental Priest, Gasparon (onse 1881), Vice Admiral (1886), The Seven Swabians (1887), Poor Jonathan (1890), The Trial Kiss (1894) , "Northern Lights" (1896). Komabe, iwo sangakhoze kukwera ku mlingo wa "Wophunzira Wosauka", ngakhale kuti mu aliyense wa iwo pali magawo osiyana owala ndi osangalatsa nyimbo. Mwa awa, pambuyo pa imfa ya woimba, yomwe inatsatira December 31, 1899 ku Vienna, operetta m'malo bwino "Young Heidelberg" anaikidwa pamodzi.
Kuphatikiza pa ma operetta ambiri komanso oyimba oimba ndi oimba oyambilira, cholowa cha Millöker chimaphatikizapo ma ballet, zidutswa za piyano komanso nyimbo zambiri za vaudeville ndi nthabwala.
L. Mikheeva, A. Orelovich
