Mbiri ya bagpipe

Mapepala achikwama - chida choimbira chokhala ndi mapaipi awiri kapena atatu akusewera ndi imodzi yodzaza ubweya ndi mpweya, komanso kukhala ndi malo osungira mpweya, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku chikopa cha nyama, makamaka kuchokera ku chikopa cha ng'ombe kapena mbuzi. Chubu chokhala ndi mabowo am'mbali chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poimba nyimbo, ndipo zina ziwirizo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa mawu a polyphonic.

Mbiri ya maonekedwe a bagpipe

Mbiri ya bagpipe imabwerera ku nthawi yayitali, mawonekedwe ake adadziwika ku India wakale. Chida ichi choimbira chili ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe imapezeka m'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi.

Pali umboni kuti pa nthawi yachikunja ku Russia, Asilavo ankagwiritsa ntchito chida ichi. anali wotchuka makamaka pakati pa asilikali. Ankhondo aku Russia adagwiritsa ntchito chida ichi kuti alowe m'maganizo olimbana nawo. Kuyambira ku Middle Ages mpaka lero, bagpipe ili ndi malo oyenera pakati pa zida zodziwika bwino za England, Ireland, ndi Scotland.

Komwe anatulukira chitolirocho komanso amene makamaka, mbiri yamakono siidziwika. Mpaka lero, mikangano yasayansi pankhaniyi ikupitirirabe.

Ku Ireland, chidziwitso choyamba chokhudza zitoliro zachikwama chinayamba m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Iwo ali ndi chitsimikiziro chowona, monga momwe miyala yokhala ndi zojambula inapezedwa pamene anthu anali ndi chida chomwe chinkawoneka ngati bagpipe. Palinso zolozera pambuyo pake.

Malingana ndi mtundu wina, chida chofanana ndi chikwama chinapezeka zaka 3 BC, pamalo omwe anafukulidwa mumzinda wakale wa Uri. M'mabuku olembedwa a Agiriki akale, mwachitsanzo, mu ndakatulo za Aristophanes za 400 BC, palinso zonena za bagpipe. Ku Roma, kutengera zolemba zolemba za ulamuliro wa Nero, pali umboni wa kukhalapo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bagpipe. M’masiku amenewo, anthu wamba “onse” ankasewera, ngakhale opemphapempha ankatha kulipira. Chidachi chidatchuka kwambiri, ndipo tinganene ndi chidaliro chonse kuti kuimba zitoliro kunali kosangalatsa kwa anthu. Pothandizira izi, pali umboni wochuluka mu mawonekedwe a ziboliboli ndi zolemba zosiyanasiyana za nthawi imeneyo, zomwe zimasungidwa mu Museums World, mwachitsanzo, ku Berlin.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, zonena za bagpipe pang'onopang'ono zimazimiririka m'mabuku ndi chosema, kusunthira kufupi ndi madera akumpoto. Ndiko kuti, palibe kusuntha kwa chida chokha pagawo, komanso ndi kalasi. Ku Roma komweko, chikwamacho chidzayiwalika kwazaka mazana angapo, koma chidzatsitsimutsidwanso m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, zomwe zidzawonetsedwa m'mabuku anthawiyo.

Pali malingaliro angapo kuti kwawo kwa bagpipe ndi Asia, kuchokera kumene idafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Koma izi zimangokhala zongoganiza, chifukwa palibe umboni wachindunji kapena wosalunjika pa izi.

Komanso, kusewera zikwama kunali chinthu chofunika kwambiri pakati pa anthu a ku India ndi Africa, komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe adakali ofunika mpaka lero.

M'zaka za zana la XNUMX ku Europe, ntchito zambiri zojambulira ndi zojambulajambula zikuwonetsa zithunzi zomwe zikuwonetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni kwa chikwama ndi mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana. Ndipo m’kati mwa nkhondo, mwachitsanzo ku England, chitolirocho chinkazindikiridwa kukhala mtundu wa chida, chifukwa chinathandiza kukweza mtima wankhondo.

Koma palibe kumveka bwino za momwe komanso komwe chikwamacho chinachokera, komanso amene adachipanga. Mfundo zopezeka m’mabuku zimasiyana m’mbali zambiri. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, amatipatsa malingaliro ambiri, ozikidwa pa zomwe, tingathe kulingalira ndi kukayikira kwakukulu ponena za chiyambi cha chida ichi ndi omwe adayambitsa. Kupatula apo, zambiri zamabuku amatsutsana, popeza magwero ena amati dziko lakwawo la bagpipe ndi Asia, pomwe ena amati Europe. Zikuwonekeratu kuti ndizotheka kukonzanso mbiri yakale pokhapokha pochita kafukufuku wozama wa sayansi kumbali iyi.