Mbiri ya clarinet

Clarinet ndi chida choimbira choimbira chopangidwa ndi matabwa. Ili ndi kamvekedwe kofewa komanso kamvekedwe ka mawu ambiri. Clarinet imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyimbo zamtundu uliwonse. Clarinetists sangathe kuimba yekha, komanso mu oimba nyimbo.

Mbiri yake imatenga zaka zoposa 4. Chidacho chinapangidwa m'zaka za 17-18. Tsiku lenileni la mawonekedwe a chida silidziwika. Koma akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti clarinet analengedwa mu 1710 ndi Johann Christoph Denner. Iye anali mmisiri wa zida zamatabwa. Ngakhale akusintha Chalumeau yaku France, Denner adapanga chida chatsopano choyimbira chokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Itangoyamba kumene, chalumeau inali yopambana ndipo inkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga zida za okhestra. Chalumeau Denner adapangidwa ngati chubu chokhala ndi mabowo 7. Mitundu ya clarinet yoyamba inali octave imodzi yokha. Ndipo kuti asinthe khalidweli, Denner adaganiza zosintha zinthu zina. Anagwiritsa ntchito bango ndikuchotsa chitolirocho. Komanso, kuti apeze zambiri, clarinet idasintha zambiri zakunja. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa clarinet ndi chalumeau ndi valve kumbuyo kwa chida. Valve imagwira ntchito pakhungu. Mothandizidwa ndi valavu, mtundu wa clarinet umasinthira ku octave yachiwiri. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 17, chalumeau ndi clarinet ankagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi. Koma pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 18, chalumeau inali itayamba kutchuka.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Denner, mwana wake Yakobo adalandira bizinesi yake. Iye sanasiye bizinesi ya abambo ake ndipo anapitiriza kupanga ndi kukonza zida zoimbira zoimbira. Pakalipano, pali zida zazikulu za 3 m'nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale zapadziko lonse lapansi. Zida zake zili ndi ma valve 2. Ma Clarinets okhala ndi ma valve a 2 adagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka zaka za zana la 19. Mu 1760 woimba wotchuka wa ku Austria Paur anawonjezera valavu ina ku imene inalipo kale. Valavu yachinayi, m'malo mwake, idatembenukira ku Brussels clarinetist Rottenberg. Mu 1785, Briton John Hale adaganiza zophatikizira valavu yachisanu mu chidacho. Vavu yachisanu ndi chimodzi idawonjezedwa ndi katswiri waku France Jean-Xavier Lefebvre. Chifukwa chake chida chatsopano chokhala ndi ma valve 6 chinapangidwa.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII, clarinet anali m'gulu mndandanda wa zida zoimbira chakale. Kumveka kwake kumadalira luso la woimbayo. Ivan Muller amaonedwa kuti ndi wochita bwino kwambiri. Anasintha mmene cholumikizira chapakamwa chimakhalira. Kusintha kumeneku kunakhudza phokoso la timbre ndi mtundu. Ndipo anakonza kwathunthu malo a clarinet mu makampani nyimbo.

Mbiri ya kutuluka kwa chida sikutha pamenepo. M’zaka za m’ma 19, pulofesa wa Conservatory, Hyacinth Klose, pamodzi ndi woyambitsa nyimbo wina dzina lake Louis-Auguste Buffet, anawongolera chidacho poika ma valve o mphete. Clarinet yotereyi imatchedwa "clarinet ya ku France" kapena "Boehm clarinet".

Kusintha kwina ndi malingaliro adapangidwa ndi Adolphe Sax ndi Eugène Albert.

Woyambitsa Chijeremani Johann Georg ndi katswiri wa clarinetist Karl Berman nawonso anapereka malingaliro awo. Iwo anasintha ntchito ya valavu dongosolo. Chifukwa cha ichi, chitsanzo cha German cha chida chinawonekera. Chitsanzo cha ku Germany ndi chosiyana kwambiri ndi Chifalansa chifukwa chimasonyeza mphamvu ya phokoso pamtunda wapamwamba. Kuyambira 1950, kutchuka kwa chitsanzo cha Germany kwatsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndi anthu aku Austrian, Germany ndi Dutch okha omwe amagwiritsa ntchito clarinet iyi. Ndipo kutchuka kwa chitsanzo cha ku France kwawonjezeka kwambiri.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20, kuwonjezera pa zitsanzo za ku Germany ndi ku France, "Albert's clarinets" ndi "Chida cha Mark" chinayamba kupangidwa. Zitsanzo zoterezi zinali ndi mitundu yambiri, zomwe zimakweza phokoso ku ma octave apamwamba kwambiri.

Pakalipano, mtundu wamakono wa clarinet uli ndi makina ovuta komanso pafupifupi ma valve 20.