Mgwirizano |

Chigwirizano cha French, ital. accordo, kuchokera kumapeto kwa Lat. accordo - kuvomereza

Consonance ya atatu kapena kuposa osiyana. (zotsutsana) zomveka, zomwe zimalekanitsidwa ndi wina ndi mzake ndi wachitatu kapena zingakhale (ndi zilolezo) zokonzedwa mu magawo atatu. Mofananamo, A. adatchulidwa koyamba ndi JG Walter ("Musikalisches Lexikon oder Musikalische Bibliothek", 1732). Izi zisanachitike, A. ankamveka ngati ma intervals - onse kapena ma consonances okha, komanso kuphatikiza kwa ma toni pamawu amodzi.

Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa mawu osiyanasiyana omwe amapanga A., mawu atatu (3), chord chachisanu ndi chiwiri (4), chopanda mawu (5), ndi undecimaccord (6, yomwe ili yosowa, komanso A. of 7 zomveka), zimasiyanitsidwa. Phokoso lapansi A. limatchedwa chachikulu. kamvekedwe, mawu ena onse amatchulidwa. molingana ndi nthawi yopangidwa ndi iwo ndi chachikulu. kamvekedwe (chachitatu, chachisanu, chachisanu ndi chiwiri, nona, undecima). Phokoso lililonse la A. litha kusamutsidwa ku octave ina kapena kuwirikiza (katatu, ndi zina zotero) mu ma octave ena. Pa nthawi yomweyi, A. amasungabe dzina lake. Ngati chachikulu kamvekedwe kakupita kumtunda kapena umodzi wa mawu apakati, otchedwa. kusintha kwa chord.

A. atha kupezeka moyandikana komanso mokulira. Ndi dongosolo lapafupi la triad ndi zopempha zake m'magawo anayi, mawu (kupatula mabasi) amalekanitsidwa ndi wina ndi mzake ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu kapena quart, mu lalikulu - ndi lachisanu, lachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi octave. Bass imatha kupanga nthawi iliyonse ndi tenor. Palinso makonzedwe osakanikirana a A., momwe zizindikiro za kuyandikira ndi zotakata zimaphatikizidwa.

Mbali ziwiri zimasiyanitsidwa ndi A. - zimagwira ntchito, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi ubale wake ndi tonic mode, ndi phonic (zokongola), malingana ndi mawonekedwe a nthawi, malo, kaundula, komanso muses. nkhani.

Main kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe ka A. kudakali mpaka pano. nthawi tertsovost zikuchokera. Kupatuka kulikonse kwa izo kumatanthauza kuyambitsa zomveka zosamveka. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ndi 20. zoyesayesa zinapangidwa kuti zilowe m'malo mwa mfundo yachitatu ndi mfundo yachinayi (AN Skryabin, A. Schoenberg), koma omalizawo adalandira ntchito yochepa chabe.

Masiku ano, nyimbo zamtundu wa Complicated tertian zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu nyimbo, momwe kuyambitsira ma dissonance kumawonjezera kumveka komanso kumveka kwa mawu (SS Prokofiev):

Olemba a m'zaka za zana la 20 A. mawonekedwe osakanikirana amagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Mu nyimbo za dodecaphonic, A. amataya tanthauzo lake lodziyimira pawokha ndipo amachokera kutsatana kwa mawu mu "mndandanda" ndi ma polyphonic ake. kusintha.

Zothandizira: Rimsky-Korsakov HA, Harmony Textbook, St. Petersburg, 1884-85; yakeyake, Practical textbook of harmony, St. Petersburg, 1886, M., 1956 (mabuku onse aŵiri anaphatikizidwa mu Complete collection of work, vol. IV, M., 1960); Ippolitov-Ivanov MM, Chiphunzitso cha nyimbo, zomangamanga ndi kusamvana, M., 1897; Dubovsky I., Evseev S., Sposobin I., Sokolov V., Buku Logwirizana, gawo 1-2, 1937-38, lomaliza. ed. 1965; Tyulin Yu., Kuphunzitsa za mgwirizano, L.-M., 1939, M., 1966, p. 9; Tyulin Yu., Privano N., Buku la mgwirizano, gawo 1, M., 1957; Tyulin Yu., Buku Logwirizana, gawo 2, M., 1959; Berkov V., Harmony, gawo 1-3, M., 1962-66, 1970; Riemann H., Geschichte der Musiktheorie, Lpz., 1898, B., 1920; Schonberg A., Harmonielehre, Lpz.-W., 1911, W., 1922; Hindemith P., Unterweisung im Tonsatz, Tl 1, Mainz, 1937; Schonberg A., Ntchito Zomangamanga za mgwirizano, L.-NY, 1954; Janecek K., Základy modern harmonie, Praha, 1965.

Yu. G. Kon