Mbiri ya belu

Bell - chida choyimba, chowoneka ngati dome, mkati mwake muli lilime. Phokoso lochokera ku belu limachokera ku mphamvu ya lilime motsutsana ndi makoma a chida. Palinso mabelu omwe alibe lilime; amamenyedwa kuchokera pamwamba ndi nyundo yapadera kapena chipika. Zida zomwe chidacho chimapangidwira makamaka zamkuwa, koma masiku ano, mabelu nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi galasi, siliva, ngakhale chitsulo chosungunula.Belu ndi chida choimbira chakale. Belu loyamba lidawonekera ku China m'zaka za zana la XNUMX BC. Anali aang'ono kwambiri kukula kwake, ndipo anali opangidwa ndi chitsulo. Patapita nthawi, ku China, adaganiza zopanga chida chomwe chimakhala ndi mabelu angapo amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ma diameter. Chida choterechi chinali chosiyana ndi kamvekedwe kake kosiyanasiyana komanso kokongola.

Ku Ulaya, chida chofanana ndi belu chinawonekera zaka zikwi zingapo pambuyo pake kuposa ku China, ndipo chimatchedwa carillon. Anthu a m’nthawi imeneyo ankaona kuti chida chimenechi chinali chizindikiro cha anthu achikunja. Makamaka chifukwa cha nthano ya belu limodzi lakale lomwe lili ku Germany, lomwe limatchedwa "Kupanga nkhumba". Malinga ndi nthano, gulu la nkhumba linapeza belu limeneli mu mulu waukulu wamatope. Anthu adaziyika bwino, adazipachika pa belu nsanja, koma belulo lidayamba kuwonetsa "chinthu chachikunja", sichinamveke mpaka litapatulidwa ndi ansembe am'deralo. Zaka mazana ambiri anapita ndipo m’matchalitchi a Orthodox a ku Ulaya, mabeluwo anakhala chizindikiro cha chikhulupiriro, mawu otchuka a m’Malemba Opatulika anakanthidwa pa iwo.

Mabelu ku Russia

Ku Russia, kuwonekera kwa belu loyamba kunachitika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, pafupifupi nthawi imodzi ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chikhristu. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX, anthu adayamba kuponya mabelu akulu, pomwe mafakitale osungunula zitsulo amawonekera.

Pamene mabelu analira, anthu ankasonkhana kuti alambire, kapena pa veche. Ku Russia, chida ichi chinapangidwa ndi kukula kwakukulu, ndi phokoso lamphamvu kwambiri komanso lotsika kwambiri, kulira kwa belu loterolo kunamveka pamtunda wautali kwambiri (chitsanzo cha izi ndi "Tsar Bell" yomwe inapangidwa mu 1654, yomwe inkalemera matani 130 ndipo phokoso lake linkapitirira makilomita 7). Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 5, panali mabelu mpaka 6-2 pansanja za belu za ku Moscow, iliyonse yolemera pafupifupi ma XNUMX centner, woyimba belu m'modzi yekha ndiye adalimbana nawo.

Mabelu a ku Russia ankatchedwa "zilankhulo", chifukwa phokoso lochokera kwa iwo limachokera ku kumasula lilime. Mu zida za ku Ulaya, phokoso limachokera ku kumasula belu lokha, kapena kulimenya ndi nyundo yapadera. Uku ndi kutsutsa mfundo yakuti mabelu a tchalitchi anabwera ku Russia kuchokera ku mayiko a Kumadzulo. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yolumikizira iyi idathandizira kuteteza belu kuti lisagawike, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu akhazikitse mabelu akukula modabwitsa.

Mabelu ku Russia yamakono

Masiku ano, mabelu amagwiritsidwa ntchito osati mu nsanja zokha, amaonedwa kuti ndi zida zonse zokhala ndi mawu omveka. Mu nyimbo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, belu laling'ono, limakhala lokwera kwambiri. Oyimba amagwiritsa ntchito chida ichi kutsindika nyimbo. Kulira kwa mabelu ang'onoang'ono kunkakondedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito muzolengedwa zawo ndi olemba nyimbo monga Handel ndi Bach. Patapita nthawi, mabelu ang'onoang'ono anali ndi kiyibodi yapadera, yomwe inapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Chida choterocho chinagwiritsidwa ntchito mu opera The Magic Flute.