Mbiri ya piyano pazochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo za njira yomwe munthu, zinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zimatizungulira pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kudutsa? Mwachitsanzo, ndi chiyani mbiri ya piyano?

Ngati simunaganizirepo kapena ngati mwangotopa ndi nkhaniyi, ndiye kuti ndikuchenjezani mwamsanga kuti musaiwerenge: inde, padzakhala masiku ndipo padzakhala zambiri zomwe ndiyesera kupanga, mphamvu zanga zabwino kwambiri, osati zouma monga momwe aphunzitsi awo amayambira kusukulu.

Piyano ngati nsembe zotsatira za kupita patsogolo

Kupita patsogolo sikuyima ndipo, kamodzi kokhala ndi maso owoneka bwino komanso ochulukirapo, oyang'anira amakono ndi makanema apa TV amapangitsa azimayi omwe nthawi zonse amadya nsanje chifukwa cha kuwonda kwawo; mafoni salinso paliponse ndi inu, koma tsopano alinso ndi intaneti yaulere, GPS navigation, makamera ndi zikwizikwi za zida zina zopanda pake.

Nthawi zambiri, kupita patsogolo kumakhala kwankhanza kwambiri ndipo nkhani zatsopano zimatengedwa ndi omwe adawatsogolera monga ana omwe ali ndi makolo opuma pantchito. Koma, monga akunena, kupita patsogolo kulikonse kuli ndi ma dinosaurs ake.

Zida za kiyibodi zabweranso patali pakukula, koma zida zakale monga piyano, piyano yayikulu, chiwalo ndi zina zambiri zokhudzana nazo sizinapereke njira kwa ma synthesizer ndi ma kiyibodi a midi ndikupita ku fumbi lambiri. Ndipo, ndikuwuzani chinsinsi, ndikutsimikiza kuti izi sizidzachitika.

Kodi piyano inabadwira liti komanso kuti?

Pamene anthu amalankhula za pamene piyano yoyamba inawonekera, mwamwambo amakhulupirira kuti Florence (Italy) anali malo ake, ndipo Bartolomeo Cristofori ndiye anayambitsa; tsiku lenileni ndi 1709 - chinali chaka chino pamene Scipio Maffei adatcha chaka cha maonekedwe a pianoforte ("chida cha kiyibodi chomwe chimayimba mokweza komanso mokweza"), ndipo nthawi yomweyo anapereka dzina loyamba kwa chidacho, chomwe chinali. zokhazikika kwa iye pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi.

Kupangidwa kwa Cristofori kunali kozikidwa pa thupi la harpsichord (kumbukirani kuti m'masiku omwe maikolofoni kunalibe, voliyumu yoyambirira ya chidacho inali yofunika kwambiri) ndi makina a kiyibodi ofanana ndi clavichord. 

Sindikulangiza, komabe, kuchitira tsiku ili ndi dzina la woyambitsayo modalira kwambiri - kumbukirani mbiri ya maonekedwe a wailesi. Ndani angayerekeze kutchula motsimikiza kuti ndiye amene anayambitsa? Ndipo pali opitilira okwanira malo olemekezeka awa: Popov, Markel, Tesla.

Zomwe zilili ndizofanana ndi kupangidwa kwa piyano - sikunali kutulukira mwadzidzidzi - wa ku Italy adangopeza nthambi yolemekezeka ya mpikisano, koma ngati, pazifukwa zina, chinachake chinachitika kwa iye, ndiye kuti Mfalansa Jean Marius adzapanga izi. Chida cha piyano chofanana ndi iye ndi Gottlieb Schroeder waku Germany.

Tiyeni tikhale oona mtima mokwanira ndi ife tokha komanso mbiri ya anthu - ine ndekha ndikuganiza kuti asayansi onsewa ndi oyambitsa. Chifukwa chiyani? Zonse ndi zoyambira. Ngati tibwerera ku mbiri ya chitukuko cha piyano, ndiye kuti chida ichi sichinawonekere usiku umodzi.

Mtundu woyamba, wopangidwa ndi Cristofori, unali kutali kwambiri ndi piyano yomwe timakonda kuwona. Koma chida sichinasiye kusinthika kwa zaka pafupifupi mazana atatu! Ndipo izi ndi zokhazo zomwe zinapangidwira kuti zikhale zodziwika bwino kwa munthu wamakono, koma kuti afikire siteji iyi, zaka zambiri za kupita patsogolo kwa zida zoimbira zidayenera kudutsa.

Pali chiphunzitso chimodzi chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha maonekedwe a oimba oyambirira. Osaka wamba anakhala oimba akale, amene mwadzidzidzi anazindikira kuti zida wamba kusaka amatha kupanga phokoso.

Choncho, chingwe cha uta ndi chingwe choyamba padziko lapansi! Koma chida choyamba, chomwe chimatchedwa chitoliro cha Pan - chimachokera ku chida chakale kwambiri - chitoliro cholavulira.

Chitoliro cha Pan ndiye tate wa chida ngati chiwalo, chomwe chinali chida choyambirira cha kiyibodi (chidawonekera cha m'ma 250 BC ku Alexandria waku Egypt). 

Ndipo ngati chitoliro cholavulira ndi "agogo-agogo" a piyano, ndiye "agogo-agogo" ake ndi uta wotchulidwa kale pamwambapa. Phokoso la mivi yokokedwa ndi muvi linalimbikitsa alenje akale kuti apange chida choyamba choduliridwa ndi zingwe - zeze.

Chida ichi ndi chakale kwambiri moti chinkadziwika kale chisanayambe; linatchulidwanso m’buku la m’Baibulo la Genesis. Nthambi zambiri zinatsatira zeze ndipo, pamapeto pake, zinakhudza chitukuko cha zida zonse zoimbira, zomwe phokoso lake limachokera ku zingwe: gitala, violin, harpsichord, clavichord ndipo, ndithudi, khalidwe lathu lalikulu, piyano.

Mfundo ina yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya piyano, kupatula zingwe, monga momwe mungaganizire pano, ndi makiyi. Pafupifupi kiyibodi yamakono imayang'ana mbiri yakale ku Europe kuyambira zaka za XIII.

Inali ndiye kuti kwa nthawi yoyamba kumanga makiyi ofanana ndi maso athu ndi zala, zomwe zimadziwika bwino kwa maso athu ndi zala, zinawona kuwala - 7 woyera ndi 5 wakuda mu octave, mu makiyi 88 ​​okwana.

Koma kuti apange kiyibodi yamtunduwu, njirayo sinali yaifupi kuposa kuchokera ku zeze kupita ku harpsichord. Oimba ambiri, omwe mayina awo adasowa mpaka kalekale, adavutika kuti amvetsetse momwe kapangidwe kake kamayenera kukhala.

Ndiye panalibe makiyi wakuda nkomwe, ndipo motero, ochita masewerawo analibe mwayi woimba semitones, zomwe, mwachizoloŵezi, zinali zolakwika. Tisaiwale kuti dongosolo lakale la zolemba zisanu ndi ziwiri linabadwanso mu mikangano kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kodi kulibe kwina komwe mungapite patsogolo?

Nyimbo zatsagana ndi munthu kuyambira nthawi zomwe kunalibe maiko, ndipo zakhala zikulumikizana kwambiri osati ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, komanso ndikusintha kwadziko lonse lapansi.

Piyano inatenga zaka zoposa 2000 kuti ipangidwe kukhala chida chomwe tinazolowera kuchiona ndi kumva.

Ndipo pamene, monga zikuwonekera, palibe kwina kulikonse, kupita patsogolo kudzatipatsa zodabwitsa zambiri, musazengereze!