Mbiri ya zurna

Clarion - Chida choyimbira cha bango, ndi chubu chachifupi chamatabwa chokhala ndi belu ndi mabowo 7-8. Zurna amasiyanitsidwa ndi timbre yowala komanso yoboola, yokhala ndi sikelo mkati mwa octave imodzi ndi theka.

Zurna ndi chida chomwe chili ndi mbiri yakale. Kale ku Greece, yemwe adatsogolera zurna amatchedwa aulos. Avlos ankagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zisudzo, nsembe ndi misonkhano yankhondo. Zoyambira zimalumikizidwa ndi dzina la woyimba wabwino kwambiri Olympus. Avlos anapeza kuzindikirika kwake m'nyimbo za Dionysus. Pambuyo pake idafalikira kumayiko aku Asia, Near ndi Middle East. Pachifukwa ichi, zurna ndi yotchuka ku Afghanistan, Iran, Georgia, Turkey, Armenia, Uzbekistan ndi Tajikistan.

Zurna adadziwika ku Russia, komwe amatchedwa surna. Surna amatchulidwa m'mabuku a m'zaka za zana la 13.

Malingana ndi mizere ya ndakatulo, zipilala zachitukuko zakale ndi zojambula ku Azerbaijan, tinganene motsimikiza kuti zurna wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kale. Mwa anthu ankatchedwa "gara zurnaya". Dzinali limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mthunzi wa thunthu ndi kuchuluka kwa mawu. M'mbuyomu, Azerbaijani anatsagana ndi ana awo ankhondo ku phokoso la zurna, ukwati, anakonza masewera ndi mpikisano masewera. Kwa nyimbo ya "Gyalin Atlandy", mkwatibwi anapita ku nyumba ya wokondedwa wake. Phokoso la chidacho chinathandiza otenga nawo mbali kupambana pamipikisano yamasewera. Ankaseweredwanso panthawi yokolola udzu ndi kukolola. Mu miyambo yachikhalidwe, zurna idagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi gaval.

Pakalipano, pali zida zingapo zofanana ndi zurna: 1. Avlos adalengedwa koyamba ku Greece wakale. Chida ichi tingachiyerekeze ndi oboe. 2. Oboe ndi wachibale wa zurna m'magulu oimba a symphony. Amatanthauza zida zowulutsira mphepo. Amakhala ndi chubu lalitali 60 cm. Chubuchi chimakhala ndi ma valve am'mbali omwe amawongolera kuchuluka kwa mawu. Chidacho chili ndi mitundu yambiri. Oboe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poimba nyimbo zanyimbo.

Zurna amapangidwa kuchokera kumitengo yolimba, monga elm. Pishchik ndi gawo la chidacho ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe a mbale ziwiri za bango zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa. Bore liri mu mawonekedwe a cone. Kusintha kwa tchanelo kumakhudza phokoso. Mphuno ya mbiya imatulutsa phokoso lowala komanso lakuthwa. Kumapeto kwa mbiya pali manja okonzedwa kuti asinthe mbale. Pakusintha kwa chinthu chofananira, nsonga za mano zimatseka mabowo atatu apamwamba. Pini imayikidwa mkati mwa manja, ndi socket yozungulira. Zurna ili ndi ndodo zowonjezera zomwe zimamangiriridwa ku chidacho ndi ulusi kapena unyolo. Masewera akatha, chikwama chamatabwa chimayikidwa pandodo.

Mu nyimbo zamtundu, 2 zurnas amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi panthawi yamasewera. Phokoso loluka limapangidwa ndi kupuma kwa mphuno. Kuyimba, chidacho chimayikidwa patsogolo panu ndi kupendekera pang'ono. Kwa nyimbo zazifupi, woimbayo amapuma pakamwa pake. Ndi kumveka kwa nthawi yayitali, woimbayo ayenera kupuma m'mphuno. Zurna ili ndi "B-flat" ya octave yaying'ono mpaka "mpaka" ya octave yachitatu.

Pakalipano, zurna ndi chimodzi mwa zida za gulu la mkuwa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imatha kusewera ngati chida cha solo.