Kurt Weil |
Kurt bwino
Anabadwa pa Marichi 2, 1900 ku Dessau (Germany). Anaphunzira ku Berlin Higher School of Music ndi Humperdinck, ndipo mu 1921-1924. anali wophunzira wa Ferruccio Busoni. Weill adalemba nyimbo zake zoyambirira mumayendedwe a neoclassical. Izi zinali zidutswa za orchestra ("Kvodlibet", concerto ya violin ndi zida zamphepo). Chiyambi cha mgwirizano ndi "kumanzere" olemba masewera achijeremani (H. Kaiser, B. Brecht) adatsimikiza kwa Weill: adakhala woimba yekha wa zisudzo. Mu 1926, opera ya Weill yochokera pa sewero la G. Kaiser "The Protagonist" inachitikira ku Dresden. Mu 1927, pa chikondwerero cha nyimbo za m'chipinda chatsopano ku Baden-Baden, nyimbo yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ya "Mahogany" ku malemba a Brecht inachitika, chaka chotsatira opera imodzi "The Tsar imajambulidwa" (H. Kaiser). ) inachitikira ku Leipzig ndipo nthawi yomweyo inagunda ku Ulaya wotchuka "Threepenny Opera" ku Berlin Theatre "Na Schifbauerdam", yomwe posakhalitsa inajambulidwa ("Threepenny Film"). Asananyamuke mokakamizidwa ku Germany mu 1933, Weill anatha kulemba ndi kuwonetsa zisudzo za The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (zojambula zowonjezereka), The Guarantee (zolemba za Caspar Neuer) ndi Silver Lake (H. Kaiser). ).
Ku Paris, Weill adapangira gulu la George Balanchine ballet ndi kuyimba kwa "Machimo Asanu Awiri Akufa" malinga ndi script ya Brecht. Kuchokera mu 1935, Weill ankakhala ku USA ndipo ankagwira ntchito ku Broadway Theatre ku New York mu mtundu wokondedwa wa nyimbo za ku America. Zomwe zidasintha zidakakamiza Weill kuti achepetse pang'onopang'ono mawu aukali a ntchito zake. Zidutswa zake zidakhala zowoneka bwino kwambiri potengera kukongoletsa kwakunja, koma zosakhudza kwambiri zomwe zili. Panthawiyi, ku New York, pafupi ndi masewero atsopano a Weill, The Threepenny Opera inakonzedwa kambirimbiri bwino.
Imodzi mwa masewera otchuka a ku America ndi Weill ndi "A Street Incident" - "folk opera" yochokera pa sewero la E. Rice kuchokera ku moyo wa anthu osauka a New York; Threepenny Opera, yomwe idapanga bwalo lanyimbo la ku Germany lazaka za m'ma 20s wankhondo yandale, idapeza kaphatikizidwe ka nyimbo ya "msewu" wapamsewu ndi njira zaukadaulo zamaluso amakono. Seweroli lidawonetsedwa ngati "sewero la opempha", gulu lakale lachingerezi la zisudzo za anthu olemekezeka a baroque. Weill adagwiritsa ntchito "sewero la opemphetsa" ndicholinga chofuna kukongoletsedwa (m'nyimbo zamtunduwu, sizowona kuti Handel "amavutika" ngati ma platitudes, "malo wamba" anyimbo zachikondi zazaka za zana la XNUMX). Nyimbo zilipo pano ngati manambala oyika - zong, omwe ali ndi kuphweka, kupatsirana komanso nyonga ya nyimbo za pop. Malinga ndi Brecht, yemwe chikoka chake pa Weill m'zaka zimenezo sichinagawike, kuti apange sewero lamakono la nyimbo, wolembayo ayenera kusiya tsankho lonse la nyumba ya opera. Brecht ankakonda nyimbo za pop "zopepuka"; Kuphatikiza apo, adafuna kuthetsa mkangano wakale pakati pa mawu ndi nyimbo mu opera, pomaliza kuwalekanitsa wina ndi mnzake. Palibe kudzera mukukula kosasinthika kwa lingaliro lanyimbo mu sewero la Weill-Brecht. Mafomuwa ndi aafupi komanso achidule. Mapangidwe ake onse amalola kuyika manambala a zida ndi mawu, ballet, nyimbo zakwaya.
Kukwera ndi Kugwa kwa Mzinda wa Mahagonny, mosiyana ndi The Threepenny Opera, ili ngati opera yeniyeni. Apa nyimbo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri.
