Hydraulics: zida zikuchokera, mfundo ntchito, mbiri, ntchito

Ndewu za Gladiator, zisudzo, misonkhano yankhondo, maulendo apamwamba ku Greece ndi Roma wakale nthawi zonse ankatsagana ndi phokoso lamphamvu la hydravlos. Kwa zaka mazana angapo, chida choimbira chakhala chizindikiro cha udindo ndi chuma. Popeza kuti inataya tanthauzo lake, inachititsa kuti kubadwa kwa nyimbo zoimbidwa bwino za limba.

Kupanga ndi kugwira ntchito

Nyimbo zidapangidwa powuzira mpweya kudzera m'thupi lozungulira lomwe lamira m'madzi. Madziwo anachokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe monga mathithi. Mpweyawo unkapopedwa ndi timagetsi tating’ono ta mphepo. Mulingo wamadzi umakhala ukusintha nthawi zonse, mpweya wochulukirapo umalowa mu chitoliro ndikugawidwa ku machubu amtundu wa diatonic. Kotero izo zinali mu chipangizo cha Heron. Koma Ctesibius, katswiri wa masamu wachigiriki wakale, anali woyamba kupanga chiwalo chamadzi chakale.

Pambuyo pake, Aroma anawonjezera makina a valve pa chipangizocho. Oimbawo adasindikiza kiyi yapadera yomwe imatsegula chotsekera cha chipindacho, kusintha kutalika kwa mtsinje. Idadutsa machubu 7-18 amitundu yosiyanasiyana, opangidwa ndi zitsulo ndi zikopa. Phokosolo linatsimikiziridwa ndi zolembera za 3-4. Oimba angapo amayenera kusewera ma hydraulics nthawi imodzi. Kawirikawiri amenewa anali akapolo ophunzitsidwa mwapadera.

History

Kale ku Greece, ma hydraulics mwachangu adakhala chida chachikulu choyimba chomwe chimamveka pazochitika zazikulu zonse, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nyimbo zapanyumba. Chiwalo chamadzi chinali chokwera mtengo, anthu olemekezeka okha ndi omwe akanakhoza kukhala nacho. Pang’ono ndi pang’ono, chidacho chinafalikira m’nyanja ya Mediterranean, mu ufumu wa Roma kulira kwake kunagwiritsidwa ntchito polumbira polowa mu ofesi ya boma.

M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, ma hydraulics "adabwera" ku Europe. Chifukwa cha mawu ake amphamvu, inali yabwino kwambiri poyimba nyimbo zamakwaya. M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, zitha kuwoneka pafupifupi m'matchalitchi onse. Akunja sanalambalale chiwalo chamadzi. Iwo ankachigwiritsa ntchito pa mapwando, m’maphwando, pa miyambo yachipembedzo. Choncho, m'kupita kwa nthawi maganizo anafalikira za uchimo wa nyimbo hydraulics.

Koma panthawiyi mapangidwewo anali atakonzedwa kale ndi ambuye, chiwalo chamakono chinawonekera. Kope lokhalo lomwe latsala, lobwezeretsedwa kuchokera ku zithunzi zojambulidwa zakale, limatha kuwonedwa mu imodzi mwa nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Budapest. Idalembedwa mu 228 BC.