Byron Janis (Jaynis) (Byron Janis) |

Byron Janis

Pamene, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60, Byron Jainis anakhala wojambula woyamba wa ku America kuti alembe nyimbo ku Moscow ndi gulu la oimba la Soviet Union, nkhaniyi inazindikiridwa ndi dziko la nyimbo ngati zomveka, koma kutengeka kwake kunali kwachibadwa. "Odziwa piyano onse amanena kuti Jaini uyu ndiye woimba piyano yekha wa ku America yemwe akuwoneka kuti analengedwa kuti azijambula ndi anthu a ku Russia, ndipo sizinangochitika mwangozi kuti zojambula zake zatsopano zinapangidwa ku Moscow," mmodzi wa olemba kalata akumadzulo.

Inde, mbadwa ya McKeesfort, Pennsylvania, akhoza kutchedwa woimira sukulu ya piano ya ku Russia. Iye anabadwira m'banja la anthu othawa kwawo ochokera ku Russia, omwe dzina lawo lomaliza - Yankelevich - pang'onopang'ono linasandulika ku Yanks, kenako ku Junks, ndipo potsiriza adapeza mawonekedwe ake. Banja, komabe, linali kutali ndi nyimbo, ndipo tawuniyi inali kutali ndi malo a chikhalidwe, ndipo maphunziro oyambirira anapatsidwa kwa iye ndi mphunzitsi wa sukulu ya kindergarten pa xylophone. Ndiye mphunzitsi wa mnyamatayo anali mbadwa ya Russia, mphunzitsi A. Litov, amene patapita zaka zinayi anatenga wophunzira wake ku Pittsburgh kuchita pamaso pa okonda nyimbo m'deralo. Litov anaitanira konsati bwenzi lake lakale la Moscow Conservatory, woyimba limba ndi mphunzitsi Iosif Levin. Ndipo iye, nthawi yomweyo anazindikira luso lodabwitsa la Jainis, analangiza makolo ake kuti amutumize ku New York ndipo anapereka kalata yoyamikira kwa wothandizira wake ndi mmodzi wa aphunzitsi abwino kwambiri mumzindawu, Adele Marcus.

Kwa zaka zingapo, Jainis anali wophunzira wa sukulu ya nyimbo payekha "Chetem Square", kumene A. Markus anaphunzitsa; wotsogolera sukulu, woimba wotchuka S. Khottsinov, anakhala woyang'anira wake pano. Kenako mnyamatayo limodzi ndi mphunzitsi wake anasamukira ku Dallas. Ali ndi zaka 14, Jainis anayamba kukopa chidwi mwa kuimba ndi NBC Orchestra motsogoleredwa ndi F. Black, ndipo anaitanidwa kuti azisewera maulendo angapo pawailesi.

Mu 1944 adapanga katswiri wake ku Pittsburgh, komwe adasewera Rachmaninoff's Second Concerto. Ndemanga za atolankhani zinali zosangalatsa, koma chinthu china chofunika kwambiri: mwa anthu amene analipo pa konsati anali Vladimir Horowitz, amene ankakonda talente wamng'ono woyimba piyano moti iye, mosiyana ndi malamulo ake, anaganiza zomutenga iye ngati. wophunzira. “Mumandikumbutsa za ine ndili mnyamata,” anatero Horowitz. Zaka zambiri za maphunziro ndi maestro potsirizira pake zinapukutira talente ya wojambulayo, ndipo mu 1948 anaonekera pamaso pa omvera a Carnegie Hall ku New York monga woimba wokhwima. Wotsutsa wolemekezeka O. Downs anati: “Kwa nthaŵi yaitali, wolemba mizere imeneyi sanafunikire kukumana ndi luso lophatikizana ndi nyimbo, nyonga ya kumva, luntha ndi kulinganizika kwa luso laluso mofanana ndi woimba piyano wazaka 20 ameneyu. Inali konsati yochitidwa ndi mnyamata wina amene zisudzo zake zapadera zimadziŵika ndi kuchita zinthu mwachidwi ndi mwachisawawa.”

M'zaka za m'ma 50, Jaini adatchuka osati ku USA kokha, komanso ku South America ndi ku Ulaya. Ngati m'zaka zoyambirira kusewera kwake kumawoneka ngati masewera a mphunzitsi wake Horowitz, ndiye kuti pang'onopang'ono wojambulayo amapeza ufulu wodziimira payekha, payekha, zomwe zimafotokozera zomwe zimaphatikizana ndi khalidwe labwino, lodziwika bwino la "Horowitzian" ndi nyimbo. kulowa ndi kuzama kwa malingaliro aluso, kufulumira kwachikondi ndi kuzama kwaluntha. Makhalidwewa a wojambulayo adayamikiridwa kwambiri paulendo wake ku USSR mu 1960 ndi 1962. Anayendera mizinda yambiri, yomwe inachitika mumasewero a solo ndi symphony. Mapulogalamu ake anaphatikizapo sonatas ndi Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin, Copland, Zithunzi pa Chiwonetsero cha Mussorgsky ndi Sonatine Ravel, amasewera ndi Schubert ndi Schumann, Liszt ndi Debussy, Mendelssohn ndi Scriabin, makonsati a Schumann, Rachmaninoff, Gershwin, Prokofi. Ndipo pomwe Jainis adachita nawo madzulo a jazi: atakumana mu 1962 ku Leningrad ndi gulu la oimba a B. Goodman, adasewera Rhapsody ku Blue ya Gershwin ndi gululi ndi kupambana kwakukulu.

Omvera a Soviet adalandira Dzhaynis mwansangala kwambiri: kulikonse m'maholowo munadzaza ndipo kuwomba m'manja sikunathe. Ponena za zifukwa za chipambano choterocho, Grigory Ginzburg analemba kuti: “Zinali zabwino kukumana ku Jaini osati munthu wakhalidwe losazizira (lomwe tsopano latchuka m’madera ena a Kumadzulo), koma woimba amene amadziŵa kuzama kwa ntchito zokongoletsa. kuyang'anizana naye. Unali khalidwe limeneli la chifaniziro cha kulenga cha woimbayo chimene chinamupatsa kulandiridwa mwachikondi ndi omvera athu. Kuwona mtima kwa mawu oimba, kumveka bwino kwa kutanthauzira, kukhudzidwa mtima kukumbukiridwa (monga pamasewero a Van Cliburn, wokondedwa kwambiri kwa ife) za chikoka chopindulitsa chomwe sukulu ya pianism ya ku Russia, ndipo makamaka katswiri wa Rachmaninov anali nayo pa luso lapamwamba kwambiri. oimba piyano.

Kupambana kwa Jainis ku USSR kunali kochititsa chidwi kwambiri kudziko lakwawo, makamaka popeza analibe kanthu kochita ndi "zochitika zachilendo" za mpikisano womwe unatsagana ndi kupambana kwa Cliburn. “Ngati nyimbo zingakhale mbali ya ndale, ndiye kuti Bambo Jainis angadzione ngati kazembe wachipambano waubwenzi wothandiza kuthetsa zopinga za Nkhondo Yozizira,” inatero nyuzipepala ya New York Times panthawiyo.

Ulendo umenewu unawonjezera kutchuka kwa a Jaini padziko lonse lapansi. Mu theka loyamba la zaka za m'ma 60, adayendera kwambiri ndipo ndi kupambana kosalekeza, maholo akuluakulu amaperekedwa kwa machitidwe ake - ku Buenos Aires, Colon Theatre, ku Milan - La Scala, ku Paris - Champs Elysees Theatre, ku London. - Royal Festival Hall. Pakati pa zolembedwa zambiri zimene analemba m’nthaŵi imeneyi, ma concerto a Tchaikovsky (No. 1), Rachmaninoff (No. 2), Prokofiev (No. 3), Schumann, Liszt (No. 1 ndi No. kuchokera ku ntchito za solo, Sonata Yachiwiri ya D. Kabalevsky. Komabe, pambuyo pake, ntchito ya woyimba piyano idasokonezedwa kwakanthawi chifukwa cha matenda, koma mu 2 idayambiranso, ngakhale kuti sizinali zofanana, thanzi labwino silimalola nthawi zonse kuti lichite malire a luso lake la virtuoso. Koma ngakhale lero iye akadali mmodzi wa oimba piyano wokongola kwambiri m'badwo wake. Umboni watsopano wa izi unabweretsedwa ndi ulendo wake wopambana wa konsati ku Europe (1977), pomwe adachita mwanzeru kwambiri ntchito za Chopin (kuphatikiza ma waltzes awiri, matembenuzidwe osadziwika omwe adawapeza m'nkhokwe ndikusindikiza), komanso tinthu tating'onoting'ono. ndi Rachmaninoff, zidutswa za L M. Gottschalk, A. Copland Sonata.

Byron Janis akupitiriza utumiki wake kwa anthu. Posachedwapa anamaliza buku la autobiographical, amaphunzitsa ku Manhattan School of Music, amapereka makalasi ambuye, ndikuchita nawo ntchito ya jury la mpikisano wa nyimbo.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990