Iano Tamara |

Iano Tamara

Medea wake sangatchulidwe kuti ndi buku la kuwerenga kwakukulu kwa Maria Callas - mawu a Yano Tamar samafanana ndi mawu osaiwalika a omwe adamutsogolera. Ndipo komabe, tsitsi lake lakuda-wakuda ndi zikope zopangidwa mokhuthala, ayi, ayi, inde, ndipo amatilozera ku chithunzi chomwe chinapangidwa zaka theka lapitalo ndi mkazi wanzeru wachi Greek. Pali chinthu chofanana m'mbiri yawo. Monga Maria, Yano anali ndi amayi okhwima komanso ofunitsitsa omwe ankafuna kuti mwana wake wamkazi akhale woimba wotchuka. Koma mosiyana ndi Callas, mbadwa yaku Georgia sanamusungire chakukhosi chifukwa cha zolinga zonyadazi. M'malo mwake, Yano kangapo anadandaula kuti amayi ake anamwalira mofulumira kwambiri ndipo sanapeze chiyambi cha ntchito yake yabwino. Mofanana ndi Maria, Yano anafunikira kutchuka kudziko lina, pamene dziko lakwawo linali m’phompho la nkhondo yachiŵeniŵeni. Kwa ena, kufananitsa ndi Callas nthawi zina kumatha kuwoneka ngati kotheka komanso ngakhale kumveka ngati kosasangalatsa, chinthu chonga ngati kutsatsa kotsika mtengo. Kuyambira ndi Elena Souliotis, sipanakhale chaka chomwe anthu okwezeka kwambiri kapena otsutsa kwambiri sanalengeze kubadwa kwa "Callas" wina. Inde, ambiri a "olowa nyumba" awa sakanatha kufananizidwa ndi dzina lalikulu ndipo mwamsanga anatsika kuchokera pabwalo kupita ku kuyiwala. Koma kutchulidwa kwa woimba wachi Greek pafupi ndi dzina la Tamar kumawoneka ngati, osachepera lero, kuli koyenera - pakati pa sopranos zambiri zamakono zokongoletsa magawo a zisudzo zosiyanasiyana zapadziko lapansi, simudzapezanso wina yemwe kutanthauzira kwake kwa maudindo kuli choncho. zozama ndi zoyambirira, zodzazidwa kwambiri ndi mzimu wa nyimbo zoimbidwa .

Yano Alibegashvili (Tamar ndi dzina la mwamuna wake) anabadwira ku Georgia *, yomwe m'zaka zimenezo inali kunja kwa dziko la Soviet Union. Anaphunzira nyimbo kuyambira ali mwana, ndipo adalandira maphunziro ake aukadaulo ku Tbilisi Conservatory, adamaliza maphunziro ake mu piyano, nyimbo za nyimbo ndi mawu. Mtsikana wamng'ono wa ku Georgia adapita kukakulitsa luso lake loimba ku Italy, ku Osimo Academy of Music, zomwe sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa m'mayiko omwe kale anali chigawo chakum'maŵa akadali ndi maganizo amphamvu kuti aphunzitsi enieni amawu amakhala kudziko lakwawo. pa bel canto. Mwachiwonekere, kukhudzika kumeneku sikuli kopanda maziko, popeza chiyambi chake cha ku Ulaya pa chikondwerero cha Rossini ku Pesaro mu 1992 pamene Semiramide inasandulika kukhala chisangalalo mu dziko la opera, pambuyo pake Tamar anakhala mlendo wolandiridwa ku nyumba zotsogola za opera ku Ulaya.

Kodi nchiyani chinadabwitsa omvera ovuta komanso otsutsa omwe amawakonda kwambiri poimba nyimbo yachinyamata ya ku Georgia? Europe wakhala akudziwa kuti Georgia ndi wolemera mawu abwino, ngakhale oimba a dziko lino, mpaka posachedwapa, sanali kuonekera pa masiteji European nthawi zambiri. La Scala amakumbukira liwu lodabwitsa la Zurab Anjaparidze, yemwe Herman mu Queen of Spades adachita chidwi ndi anthu a ku Italy kumbuyo kwa 1964. Pambuyo pake, kutanthauzira koyambirira kwa phwando la Othello ndi Zurab Sotkilava kunayambitsa mikangano yambiri pakati pa otsutsa, koma sizinali choncho. adasiya aliyense wopanda chidwi. Mu 80s Makvala Kasrashvili bwinobwino anachita repertoire Mozart pa Covent Garden, bwinobwino kaphatikizidwe ndi maudindo mu zisudzo ndi Verdi ndi Puccini, imene mobwerezabwereza anamva ku Italy ndi masiteji German. Paata Burchuladze ndi dzina lodziwika kwambiri masiku ano, omwe mabass ake a granite adadzutsa chidwi ndi okonda nyimbo ku Europe. Komabe, zotsatira za oimba awa pa omvera zinachokera m'malo bwino kuphatikiza Caucasian mtima ndi Soviet vocal sukulu, oyenera kwambiri mbali kumapeto Verdi ndi verist zisudzo, komanso mbali zolemera za Russian repertoire (omwe Komanso ndi zachibadwa, popeza ufumu wa Soviet usanagwe, mawu agolide a Georgia ankafuna kutchuka makamaka ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg).

Yano Tamar motsimikiza anawononga stereotype izi ndi sewero lake loyamba, kusonyeza sukulu yeniyeni ya bel canto, woyenerera mwangwiro zisudzo Bellini, Rossini ndi Verdi oyambirira. Chaka chotsatira adayamba ku La Scala, akuyimba pasiteji iyi Alice ku Falstaff ndi Lina mu Verdi's Stiffelio ndikukumana ndi akatswiri awiri a nthawi yathu monga okonda Riccardo Muti ndi Gianandrea Gavazeni. Ndiye panali mndandanda wa Mozart premieres - Elektra ku Idomeneo ku Geneva ndi Madrid, Vitellia kuchokera ku Mercy of Titus ku Paris, Munich ndi Bonn, Donna Anna ku Venetian Theatre La Fenice, Fiordiligi ku Palm Beach. Mwa magawo amodzi a nyimbo zake zaku Russia ** patsala Antonida mu Glinka's A Life for the Tsar, yomwe idachitika mu 1996 pa Phwando la Bregenz lochitidwa ndi Vladimir Fedoseev komanso kulowa mu "belkant" njira yake yolenga: monga mukudziwa, mwa nyimbo zonse za ku Russia, ndi masewera a Glinka omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi miyambo ya akatswiri a "kuimba kokongola".

1997 adabweretsa kuwonekera kwake pa siteji yotchuka ya Vienna Opera monga Lina, pomwe mnzake wa Yano anali Placido Domingo, komanso msonkhano ndi ngwazi yodziwika bwino ya Verdi - wamagazi a Lady Macbeth, omwe Tamar adakwanitsa kukhala nawo mwanjira yoyambirira. Stefan Schmöhe, atamva Tamar m'chigawo ichi ku Cologne, analemba kuti: "Mawu a Yano Tamar wachichepere wa ku Georgia ndi ochepa, koma osalala bwino komanso olamulidwa ndi woimba m'mabuku onse. Ndipo ndi mawu oterowo omwe ali oyenera kwambiri pa chithunzi chopangidwa ndi woimbayo, yemwe amamuwonetsa heroine wake wamagazi osati ngati makina opha anthu opanda chifundo komanso ogwira ntchito bwino, koma ngati mkazi wokonda kwambiri yemwe amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse. mwayi woperekedwa ndi choikidwiratu. M'zaka zotsatira, mndandanda wa zithunzi za Verdi zinapitilizidwa ndi Leonora wochokera ku Il trovatore pa chikondwerero chomwe chinakhala nyumba yake ku Puglia, Desdemona, yomwe inayimba ku Basel, Marquise kuchokera kwa Mfumu yosamveka kwambiri kwa Ola, yomwe adayambitsa. siteji ya Covent Garden, Elisabeth wa Valois ku Cologne ndipo, ndithudi, Amelia mu Masquerade Ball ku Vienna (komwe mnzake Lado Ataneli, komanso Staatsoper debutant, anachita monga mnzake Yano mu udindo wa Renato), zimene Birgit Popp analemba kuti: “Jano Tamar amaimba nyimbo za paphiri la mtengo madzulo aliwonse mochokera pansi pa mtima, choncho kusangalala kwake ndi Neil Shicoff kumapatsa okonda nyimbo chisangalalo chachikulu.

Kukulitsa luso lake mu opera yachikondi ndikuwonjezera pamndandanda wamatsenga omwe adaseweredwa, mu 1999 Tamar adayimba Armida ya Haydn pa Chikondwerero cha Schwetzingen, ndipo mu 2001 ku Tel Aviv, kwa nthawi yoyamba, adatembenukira pachimake cha bel canto opera, Norma ya Bellini. . "Norm akadali chojambula," akutero woimbayo. Koma ndine wokondwa kuti ndinali ndi mwayi wokhudza ukadaulo uwu. Yano Tamar amayesa kukana malingaliro omwe sagwirizana ndi luso lake lamawu, ndipo mpaka pano kamodzi kokha adadzipereka ku kukopa kwa impresario, akuchita sewero la verist. Mu 1996, adayimba udindo wa Mascagni's Iris ku Rome Opera pansi pa ndodo ya maestro G. Gelmetti, koma amayesetsa kuti asabwereze zochitika zoterezi, zomwe zimakamba za kukhwima kwaukadaulo komanso kuthekera kosankha nyimbo. Zojambulajambula za woimbayo sizinali zazikulu, koma adalemba kale mbali zake zabwino kwambiri - Semiramide, Lady Macbeth, Leonora, Medea. Mndandanda womwewo umaphatikizapo gawo la Ottavia mu opera yosowa kwambiri ya G. Pacini The Last Day of Pompeii.

Kusewera pa siteji ya Deutsche Oper ku Berlin mu 2002 si nthawi yoyamba Yano Tamar kukumana ndi udindo mu sewero la nyimbo zitatu za Luigi Cherubini. Mu 1995, adayimba kale Medea - imodzi mwamagawo okhetsa magazi kwambiri potengera zomwe zachitika komanso zovuta zamawu amitundu yonse yamasewera a opera padziko lonse lapansi - pamwambo wa Martina Francia ku Puglia. Komabe, kwa nthawi yoyamba iye anaonekera pa siteji mu Baibulo loyambirira French wa opera iyi ndi kukambirana colloquial, amene woimbayo amaona zovuta kwambiri kuposa Baibulo lodziwika bwino Chitaliyana ndi kenako kutsagana recitatives anawonjezera wolemba.

Atachita bwino kwambiri mu 1992, pazaka khumi za ntchito yake, Tamar wakula kukhala prima donna weniweni. Yano sangakonde kufananizidwa nthawi zambiri - ndi anthu kapena atolankhani - ndi anzake otchuka. Komanso, woimbayo ali ndi kulimba mtima ndi chikhumbo chofuna kutanthauzira magawo osankhidwa mwa njira yake, kukhala ndi kalembedwe kake koyambirira. Zokhumba izi zimagwirizananso bwino ndi kutanthauzira kwachikazi kwa gawo la Medea, lomwe adakonza pa siteji ya Deutsche Oper. Tamara akuwonetsa wamatsenga wansanje ndipo, mwachisawawa, wakupha ana ake omwe, osati ngati chilombo, koma monga mkazi wokhumudwa kwambiri, wosimidwa komanso wonyada. Yano akuti, “Kupanda chimwemwe ndi kufooka kwake kokha kumadzutsa chikhumbo chofuna kubwezera.” Kawonedwe kachifundo kotere ka wakupha ana, malinga ndi Tamara, akuphatikizidwa mu libretto yamakono kotheratu. Tamar akulozera ku kufanana kwa mwamuna ndi mkazi, lingaliro lomwe lili mu sewero la Euripides, lomwe limatsogolera heroine, yemwe ali wachikhalidwe, akale, m'mawu a Karl Popper, "otsekedwa" gulu, ku mkhalidwe wopanda chiyembekezo wotero. Kutanthauzira koteroko kumapeza phokoso lapadera ndendende mu kupanga uku kwa Karl-Ernst ndi Urzel Herrmann, pamene otsogolera amayesa kuwunikira muzokambirana za mphindi zochepa za chiyanjano chomwe chinalipo kale pakati pa Medea ndi Jason: ndipo ngakhale mwa iwo Medea amawoneka ngati. mkazi wodziwa palibe mantha.

Otsutsa adayamika ntchito yomaliza ya woimbayo ku Berlin. Eleonore Büning wa ku Frankfurter Allgemeine anati: “Soprano Jano Tamar amagonjetsa zopinga zonse za dziko ndi nyimbo zake zogwira mtima ndiponso zochititsa chidwi, zomwe zimatichititsa kukumbukira luso la Callas wamkulu. Amapatsa Medea wake osati ndi mawu olimba komanso ochititsa chidwi kwambiri, komanso amapereka udindo wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kukongola, kukhumudwa, kukhumudwa, kukwiya - zonse zomwe zimapangitsa wamatsenga kukhala munthu womvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Klaus Geitel adatcha kuwerenga kwa gawo la Medea kwamakono kwambiri. "Mai. Tamara, ngakhale m’phwando loterolo, amayang’ana pa kukongola ndi kugwirizana. Medea yake ndi yachikazi, ilibe kanthu kochita ndi wakupha ana woyipa kuchokera ku nthano yakale yachi Greek. Amayesa kuti zochita za heroine ake zimveke kwa owonerera. Amapeza mitundu ya kupsinjika maganizo ndi chisoni, osati kubwezera. Amayimba mwachikondi kwambiri, mwachikondi komanso mwachikondi.” Nayenso Peter Wolf akulemba kuti: “Tamara akutha kufotokoza mochenjera kuzunza kwa Medeya, wanyanga ndi mkazi wokanidwa, akumayesa kuletsa zikhumbo zake zobwezera munthu amene anampanga mphamvu ndi matsenga ake mwa kunyenga atate wake ndi kupha mbale wake; kumuthandiza Jason kukwaniritsa zomwe amafuna. Wotsutsa heroine wonyansa kwambiri kuposa Lady Macbeth? Inde, ndipo ayi nthawi yomweyo. Atavala kwambiri zofiira, ngati kuti wasambitsidwa m'mitsinje yamagazi, Tamara amapatsa womvera kuyimba kolamulira, kukutengani, chifukwa ndikokongola. Mawu, ngakhale m'mabuku onse, amafika pachisokonezo chachikulu pazochitika zakupha anyamata aang'ono, ndipo ngakhale pamenepo amadzutsa chifundo china mwa omvera. Mwachidule, pali nyenyezi yeniyeni pa siteji, yomwe ili ndi zonse zomwe zimapanga kukhala Leonora wabwino mu Fidelio m'tsogolomu, ndipo mwinamwake ngakhale Wagnerian heroine. Ponena za okonda nyimbo za Berlin, akuyembekezera kubwerera kwa woimba wa ku Georgia mu 2003 ku siteji ya Deutsche Oper, kumene adzawonekeranso pamaso pa anthu mu opera ya Cherubini.

Kuphatikizika kwa chithunzicho ndi umunthu wa woyimbayo, mpaka nthawi yakupha ana, kumawoneka ngati kovomerezeka. Nthawi zambiri, Yano samva bwino ngati akutchedwa prima donna. “Masiku ano, mwatsoka, kulibe ma prima donna enieni,” akumaliza motero. Iye akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kumverera kuti chikondi chenicheni cha zojambulajambula chikutayika pang'onopang'ono. Woimbayo anati: “Kupatulapo ochepa, monga Cecilia Bartoli, palibe amene amaimba ndi mtima wonse. Yano amapeza kuti kuimba kwa Bartoli ndikokulirapo, mwina chitsanzo chokhacho choyenera kutsanzira.

Medea, Norma, Donna Anna, Semiramide, Lady Macbeth, Elvira ("Ernani"), Amelia ("Un ballo in maschera") - Ndipotu, woimbayo waimba kale mbali zazikulu za nyimbo zamphamvu za soprano, zomwe akanatha kokha. maloto pomwe adachoka kunyumba kwawo kukapitiliza maphunziro awo ku Italy. Masiku ano, Tamara amayesa kupeza mbali zatsopano pakupanga kwatsopano kulikonse. Njira iyi imamupangitsa kukhala wokhudzana ndi Callas wamkulu, yemwe, mwachitsanzo, yekhayo amene adagwira ntchito yovuta kwambiri ya Norma pafupifupi nthawi makumi anayi, akubweretsa maonekedwe atsopano ku fano lopangidwa. Yano amakhulupirira kuti anali ndi mwayi pa njira yake yolenga, chifukwa nthawi zonse mu nthawi zokayika ndi zowawa kufufuza kulenga, anakumana ndi anthu zofunika, monga Sergio Segalini (wojambula wotsogolera Martina Francia chikondwerero - mkonzi.), amene anapatsa woimba wamng'ono. kuchita gawo lovuta kwambiri la Medea pa chikondwerero ku Puglia ndipo sanalakwitse mmenemo; kapena Alberto Zedda, yemwe adasankha Rossini's Semiramide kuti ayambe ku Italy; ndipo, ndithudi, Riccardo Muti, yemwe Yano anali ndi mwayi wogwira naye ntchito ku La Scala kwa Alice ndipo adamulangiza kuti asafulumire kukulitsa nyimboyi, ponena kuti nthawi ndi yabwino kwambiri yothandizira kukula kwa woimbayo. Yano anamvetsera mwachidwi malangizowa, ponena kuti ndi mwayi waukulu kuphatikiza ntchito ndi moyo waumwini. Kwa iye yekha, adasankha kamodzi kokha: ziribe kanthu momwe chikondi chake cha nyimbo chimakhalira, banja lake limabwera poyamba, ndiyeno ntchito yake.

Pokonzekera nkhaniyi, zida zochokera ku Germany zidagwiritsidwa ntchito.

A. Matusevich, operanews.ru

Zambiri kuchokera mu Big Opera Dictionary of Kutsch-Riemens Singers:

* Yano Tamar anabadwa pa October 15, 1963 ku Kazbegi. Iye anayamba kuchita pa siteji mu 1989 pa Opera House likulu Chijojiya.

** Pamene anali woyimba yekha wa Tbilisi Opera House, Tamar anachita mbali zingapo za Russian repertoire (Zemfira, Natasha Rostova).