Enrico Tamberlik (Enrico Tamberlik) |

Enrico Tamberlik

Tamberlik ndi m'modzi mwa oimba akulu aku Italy azaka za zana la 16. Anali ndi mawu okongola, ofunda, amphamvu zodabwitsa, ndi kaundula wapamwamba kwambiri (anatenga cis pachifuwa chapamwamba). Enrico Tamberlic adabadwa pa Marichi 1820, XNUMX ku Roma. Anayamba kuphunzira kuimba ku Rome limodzi ndi K. Zerilli. Pambuyo pake, Enrico anapitiriza kuchita bwino ndi G. Guglielmi ku Naples, ndiyeno anakulitsa luso lake ndi P. de Abella.

Mu 1837, Tamberlic anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake mu konsati ku Rome - mu quartet ku opera "Puritanes" ndi Bellini, pa siteji ya zisudzo "Argentina". Chaka chotsatira, Enrico anatenga gawo mu zisudzo za Rome Philharmonic Academy pa Apollo Theatre, kumene anachita mu William Tell (Rossini) ndi Lucrezia Borgia (Donizetti).

Tamberlik adapanga akatswiri ake mu 1841. Pabwalo lamasewera la Neapolitan "Del Fondo" pansi pa dzina la amayi ake Danieli, adayimba mu opera ya Bellini "Montagues and Capulets". Kumeneko, mu Naples, mu zaka 1841-1844, anapitiriza ntchito yake pa zisudzo "San Carlo". Kuyambira 1845, Tamberlik anayamba kuyendera kunja. Zochita zake ku Madrid, Barcelona, ​​​​London (Covent Garden), Buenos Aires, Paris (Italian Opera), m'mizinda ya Portugal ndi USA ikuchitika bwino kwambiri.

Mu 1850, Tamberlik anaimba kwa nthawi yoyamba ku Italy Opera ku St. Atachoka mu 1856, woimbayo anabwerera ku Russia patatha zaka zitatu ndipo anapitirizabe kuimba mpaka 1864. Tamberlik nayenso anabwera ku Russia pambuyo pake, koma ankangoimba m’makonsati.

AA Gozenpud analemba kuti: "Woyimba kwambiri, wosewera waluso, anali ndi mphatso yosatsutsika kwa omvera. Ambiri adayamikira, komabe, osati talente ya wojambula wodabwitsa, koma zolemba zake zapamwamba - makamaka zodabwitsa mu mphamvu ndi mphamvu "C-sharp" ya octave yapamwamba; ena mwapadera adabwera ku bwalo la zisudzo kudzamva momwe amatengera kutchuka kwake. Koma pamodzi ndi "odziwa" oterowo panali omvera omwe amasilira kuya ndi masewero a ntchito yake. Mphamvu yamphamvu, yopatsa mphamvu ya luso la Tamberlik m'magawo a ngwazi idatsimikiziridwa ndi momwe wojambulayo adakhalira.

Malinga ndi Cui, "pamene mu William Tell ... adafuula mwamphamvu" cercar la liberta ", omvera nthawi zonse amamukakamiza kuti abwereze mawuwa - chiwonetsero chosalakwa cha ufulu wa 60s."

Tamberlik anali kale m'gulu latsopanoli. Iye anali wotanthauzira bwino wa Verdi. Komabe, ndi bwino chomwecho iye anaimba mu zisudzo Rossini ndi Bellini, ngakhale mafani a sukulu yakale anapeza kuti overdramatized mbali nyimbo. Mu zisudzo Rossini, pamodzi ndi Arnold, Tamberlik anapambana chigonjetso kwambiri mu gawo lovuta kwambiri la Othello. Malinga ndi malingaliro ambiri, monga woimba adapeza Rubini momwemo, ndipo monga wosewera adamuposa.

Mu ndemanga ya Rostislav, timawerenga kuti: "Othello ndiye gawo labwino kwambiri la Tamberlik ... Mu maudindo ena, ali ndi chithunzithunzi chodabwitsa, nthawi zochititsa chidwi, koma apa sitepe iliyonse, kayendetsedwe kalikonse, phokoso lililonse limaganiziridwa mosamalitsa ndipo ngakhale zotsatira zina zimaperekedwa pofuna kuthandiza anthu ambiri. luso lonse. Garcia ndi Donzelli (sitinatchule Rubini, amene anaimba gawo ili bwino kwambiri, koma ankasewera moyipa kwambiri) anasonyeza Otello ngati mtundu wina wa paladin medieval, ndi makhalidwe chivalrous, mpaka mphindi ya tsoka, pamene Othello mwadzidzidzi anasandulika chilombo chamagazi ... Tamberlik anamvetsa chikhalidwe cha udindo mu njira yosiyana kotheratu: iye anasonyeza Moor theka zakutchire, mwangozi anaika pa mutu wa asilikali Venetian, anafuna ndi ulemu, koma amene kwathunthu anapitiriza kusakhulupirira, chinsinsi ndi kuuma mopanda malire khalidwe la anthu. wa fuko lake. Kulingalira kwakukulu kunali kofunikira kuti asunge ulemu wabwino kwa a Moor, wokwezedwa ndi mikhalidwe, komanso kuwonetsa mithunzi yachikale, yamwano. Iyi ndi ntchito kapena cholinga chomwe Tamberlik adalimbikira mpaka nthawi yomwe Othello, yemwe adanyengedwa ndi miseche yochenjera ya Iago, amachotsa maonekedwe a ulemu wa Kum'maŵa ndikukhala ndi chilakolako chonse chosalamulirika, chilakolako cholusa. Kufuula kotchuka: si dopo lei toro! Ichi ndichifukwa chake zimadabwitsa omvera kukuya kwa moyo, kuti zimatuluka pachifuwa ngati kulira kwa mtima wovulazidwa ... kumvetsetsa ndi kuwonetsera mwaluso khalidwe la ngwazi ya Shakespeare.

M'kutanthauzira kwa Tamberlik, chidwi chachikulu sichinapangidwe ndi nyimbo zanyimbo kapena zachikondi, koma ndi ngwazi zolimbikitsa, zomvetsa chisoni. Mwachionekere, iye sanali m’gulu la oimba a nyumba yosungiramo katundu ya anthu olemekezeka.

Wolemba nyimbo wa ku Russia ndi wotsutsa nyimbo AN Serov, yemwe sakanatha kuwerengedwa ndi chiwerengero cha okonda talente ya Tamberlik. Zomwe, komabe, sizimamulepheretsa (mwinamwake motsutsana ndi chifuniro chake) kuti asazindikire zoyenera za woimba wa ku Italy. Nawa ndemanga zake za Meyerbeer's Guelphs ndi Ghibellines ku Bolshoi Theatre. Apa Tamberlik amachita udindo wa Raul, amene, malinga Serov, sizimuyendera konse: "Bambo. Tamberlik pachiwonetsero choyamba (kuphatikiza machitidwe a 1st ndi 2nd a score yoyambirira) adawoneka kuti alibe malo. Chibwenzi ndi viola chinadutsa mopanda mtundu. M'malo omwe alendo a Nevers akuyang'ana pawindo kuti awone mayi yemwe anabwera kudzawona Nevers, Bambo Tamberlik sanasamale mokwanira kuti ma opera a Meyerbeer amafuna kuchita mochititsa chidwi nthawi zonse ngakhale m'mawonekedwe omwe palibe chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa mawu. kupatula mawu achidule, oduliradukiza. Wosewera yemwe salowa mu udindo wa munthu yemwe amamuyimira, yemwe, mwachi Italiya, amangodikirira aria kapena solo yayikulu mu morceaux densemble, ali kutali ndi zofunikira za nyimbo za Meyerbeer. Cholakwika chomwecho chinawonekera kwambiri m'chithunzi chomaliza cha zochitikazo. Kupuma ndi Valentina pamaso pa abambo ake, pamaso pa kalonga ndi khoti lonse, sikungathe koma kuchititsa chisangalalo champhamvu kwambiri, njira zonse za chikondi chokhumudwitsa mwa Raul, ndipo Bambo Tamberlik anakhalabe ngati mboni yakunja kwa chirichonse chomwe chinali zinachitika mozungulira iye.

Mu sewero lachiwiri (kachitidwe kachitatu koyambirira) mu septet yamwamuna yotchuka, gawo la Raoul limawala ndi kufuula kogwira mtima kwambiri pamanotsi apamwamba kwambiri. Kufuula koteroko, Bambo Tamberlik anali ngwazi ndipo, ndithudi, analimbikitsa omvera onse. Nthawi yomweyo adafuna kubwerezabwereza kwa izi, ngakhale kugwirizana kwake sikungasiyanitsidwe ndi ena onse, ngakhale zochitikazo zinali zochititsa chidwi ...

… The lalikulu duet ndi Valentina ankaimbanso ndi Bambo Tamberlik ndi chidwi ndipo anadutsa mwanzeru, kokha kukayikira kosalekeza, kugwedezeka kwa mawu a Bambo Tamberlik nkomwe zimafanana ndi zolinga za Meyerbeer. Kuchokera ku mtundu uwu wa tenore di forza kunjenjemera kosalekeza m'mawu ake, malo amachitika pamene mawu onse olembedwa ndi wolemba nyimbo amaphatikizana kukhala mtundu wina wa mawu wamba, osatha.

… Mu quintet ya mchitidwe woyamba, ngwazi ya sewerolo ikuwonekera pa siteji - ataman wa gulu la achifwamba la Fra Diavolo monyezimira ndi dapper Marquis San Marco. Munthu akhoza kungomvera chisoni Bambo Tamberlik pa udindowu. Othello wathu sakudziwa, munthu wosauka, momwe angakhalire ndi gawo lolembedwa mu kaundula zosatheka kwa woimba waku Italy.

… Fra Diavolo amatchulidwa udindo wa kusewera matena (spiel-tenor). Bambo Tamberlik, monga virtuoso wa ku Italy, ali m'malo mwa anthu osasewera, ndipo popeza mbali ya mawu a gawo ili ndizovuta kwambiri kwa iye, ndithudi alibe malo oti adzifotokozere pano.

Koma maudindo ngati Raul akadali osiyana. Tamberlik anasiyanitsidwa ndi ungwiro wa luso mawu, mozama kwambiri mochititsa chidwi. Ngakhale m'zaka zake zocheperapo, pamene chikoka chowononga cha nthawi chinakhudza mawu ake, osasiya nsonga zokha, Tamberlik anadabwa ndi kulowa kwa ntchito yake. Ena mwa maudindo ake abwino kwambiri ndi Otello mu opera ya Rossini ya dzina lomwelo, Arnold ku William Tell, Duke ku Rigoletto, John mu The Prophet, Raul mu The Huguenots, Masaniello mu The Mute of Portici, Manrico ku Il trovatore, Ernani mu opera ya Verdi. wa dzina lomweli, Faust.

Tamberlik anali munthu wopita patsogolo pa ndale. Ali ku Madrid mu 1868, adalandira kusintha komwe kudayamba, ndikuyika moyo wake pachiswe, adachita Marseillaise pamaso pa olamulira. Pambuyo pa ulendo wa ku Spain mu 1881-1882, woimbayo anasiya siteji.

W. Chechott analemba mu 1884 kuti: “Kuposa ndi kale lonse, ndipo aliyense, Tamberlik tsopano anaimba ndi moyo wake, osati ndi mawu ake okha. Ndi mzimu wake womwe umanjenjemera m'mawu aliwonse, umapangitsa mitima ya omvera kunjenjemera, kulowa m'miyoyo yawo ndi mawu ake aliwonse.

Tamberlic anamwalira pa Marichi 13, 1889 ku Paris.