Olemba nkhani |

Olemba nkhani - ochita ma epics, ma epic ballads ndi mbiri yakale. nyimbo. Mawu akuti "S". ali nar. chiyambi, opangidwa kuchokera ku mneni “kunena”; zimasonyeza mchitidwe wachilendo wa mankhwala. mitundu ya folklore yotchulidwa. Kumpoto kwa Russia, oimba epic amatchedwanso "okamba nkhani", "akale". S. nthawi zambiri anali wamba (amuna ndi akazi). M’nthano, mawu akuti “S.” adalowa Ser. Zaka za m'ma 19 chifukwa cha ntchito ya PN Rybnikov ndi AF Gilferding. S. pa nthawi ya chitukuko cha Russian. epic (zaka za 10-16) panali onse omwe sanali akatswiri komanso akatswiri - oimba m'magulu, m'mabwalo achifumu, ma buffoons, ndi zina zotero. Kuchokera ku 60s. M'zaka za zana la 19, pamene epic inayamba kulembedwa mwadongosolo, akatswiri a S. sanakumanenso.

S. ntchito imodzi, pazipita 2-3 chikhalidwe. nyimbo zongobwerezabwereza ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito mosasamala kanthu za zomwe zalembedwa muntchitoyo. Umunthu wa S. unawonetsedwa mwa kusankha kwa munthu payekha mwa ndakatulo. kufotokoza kwa mawu a m'mawu, kusinthasintha kwa nyimbo, magawo, pokhazikitsa ndondomeko ya zigawo, ndipo, potsiriza, mu S. repertoire yomwe. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa mawonetseredwe a mfundo ya munthu mu ntchito ya S., folklorists (motsatira Soviet folklorist AM Astakhova) kusiyanitsa: transmitters kuyesetsa kubereka molondola kwambiri zimene iwo anatengera (IT Ryabinin, B. Surikov, theka lachiwiri la m'zaka za zana la 2); S., omwe amapanga zolemba zawo ndi matembenuzidwe awo (TG Ryabinin - pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19, NS Bogdanova, AM Pashkova - kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 19); S. improvisers, omwe nthawi iliyonse amapereka chiwembucho mwanjira yatsopano (VP Shchegolyonok - kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20, MS Kryukova - 19th century). Mchikakamizo cha luso kwambiri S., anauka masukulu m'deralo (Onega, White Sea, Pechora, Mezen, ndi ena), ndipo pambuyo pawo, miyambo yambiri m'deralo. Pakati pa odziwika bwino S. Rus. Kumpoto - TG Ryabinin, AM Kryukova, GL Kryukov, MD Krivopolenova, AP Sorokin, HS Bogdanova, GA Yakushov, FA Konashkov. Kuti afalitse ntchito ya S. kuyambira 20s. Zaka za m'ma 80 adakonza zisudzo zawo m'mizinda yayikulu kwambiri ya Russia ndi Zap. Europe.

Osonkhanitsa oyamba ndi ofufuza a Nar. Epic inagwira gawo lomaliza la kukhalapo kwake (pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19) - makamaka kumpoto. kunja kwa Russia ndipo, pang'ono, ku Siberia. Panthawiyi, kum'mwera kwa Russia, m'malo a Cossack, ma epics adasandulika kukhala nyimbo zapamwamba, zomwe zimayimbidwa ndi oimba nyimbo.

S. nthawi zina amatchedwa. Ojambula a epic a anthu ena a USSR - Kazakh, Zhirshi, Turkmen. Bakhshi, Yakuts, Olonkhosutov, etc.

Zothandizira: Rybnikov PN, Chidziwitso cha osonkhanitsa, m'magulu: Nyimbo zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa ndi PN Rybnikov, gawo 3 - Folk epics, antiquities, maulendo ndi nyimbo, Petrozavodsk, 1864, vol. 1, M., 1909; Hilferding A., chigawo cha Olonets ndi rhapsody yake yowerengeka, m'magulu: Onega epics, olembedwa ndi AF Hilferding m'chilimwe cha 1871, St. Petersburg, 1873; Lyatsky E., Narrator IT Ryabinin ndi zolemba zake, "Ethnographic Review", 1894, buku. 23, No4, p. 105-35; Miller Sun. F., Essays on Russian Folk literature, vol. 1, M., 1897; Epics za Arkhangelsk ndi nyimbo za mbiri yakale zosonkhanitsidwa ndi AD Grigoriev mu 1899-1901, vol. 1, M., 1904, p. 333-91 (ndi nyimbo); Onchukov N., Pechora epics, St. Petersburg, 1904, p. I-XXXIII; Speransky M., Russian oral literature, vol. 2 - Epics. Historical Songs, ed. ndi noti. M. Speransky, M., 1919, p. VII-XX; Sokolov B., Narrators, M., 1924; Sokolov Yu. M., Russian folklore, M., 1938, p. 232-46; Astakhova A., Epic zaluso za alimi akumpoto, m'magulu: Epics of the North, vol. 1, M.-L., 1938, p. 7-105; ake omwe, otchuka kwambiri ku Russia ku North, Petrozavodsk, 1948; Ukhov PD, Byliny, m'gulu: Russian Folk poetic creativity, M., 1956, p. 350-56.

I. Ya. Lesenchuk