Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (ETA Hoffmann) |

ETA Hoffman

Hoffmann Ernst Theodor (Wilhelm) Amadeus (24 I 1776, Koenigsberg - 25 June 1822, Berlin) - Wolemba wa ku Germany, wolemba nyimbo, wotsogolera, wojambula. Mwana wa mkulu, adalandira digiri ya zamalamulo ku yunivesite ya Königsberg. Ankachita nawo zolemba ndi kujambula, adaphunzira nyimbo poyamba ndi amalume ake, ndiyeno ndi woimba H. Podbelsky (1790-1792), kenako ku Berlin adaphunzira maphunziro a IF Reichardt. Anali woyang'anira khothi ku Glogow, Poznan, Plock. Kuyambira 1804, phungu wa boma ku Warsaw, kumene anakhala wotsogolera wa Philharmonic Society, symphony orchestra, anachita monga wochititsa ndi kupeka. Pambuyo pa kulandidwa kwa Warsaw ndi asilikali a ku France (1807), Hoffmann anabwerera ku Berlin. Mu 1808-1813 iye anali wochititsa, wopeka ndi wokongoletsa zisudzo mu Bamberg, Leipzig ndi Dresden. Kuyambira 1814 ankakhala ku Berlin, kumene iye anali mlangizi wa chilungamo m'mabungwe apamwamba oweruza ndi makomiti azamalamulo. Apa Hoffmann analemba mabuku ake ofunika kwambiri. Nkhani zake zoyambirira zidasindikizidwa pamasamba a Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung (Leipzig), yomwe adagwirapo ntchito kuyambira 1809.

Woimira wamkulu wa sukulu yachikondi ya ku Germany, Hoffmann anakhala mmodzi mwa oyambitsa zachikondi ndi kutsutsa nyimbo. Kale kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha nyimbo zachikondi, adapanga mawonekedwe ake ndikuwonetsa malo omvetsa chisoni a woimba wachikondi pakati pa anthu. Hoffmann ankaganiza kuti nyimbo ndi dziko lapadera lomwe lingathe kuulula kwa munthu tanthauzo la malingaliro ake ndi zilakolako zake, komanso kumvetsetsa chikhalidwe cha chirichonse chodabwitsa ndi chosaneneka. M'chinenero cha chikondi zolembalemba Hoffmann anayamba kulemba za akamanena za nyimbo, za nyimbo, olemba ndi zisudzo. Mu ntchito ya KV Gluck, WA ​​Mozart makamaka L. Beethoven, adawonetsa zizolowezi zomwe zimatsogolera kumayendedwe achikondi. Mawu omveka bwino a nyimbo ndi kukongola kwa Hoffmann ndi nkhani zake zazifupi: “Cavalier Gluck” (“Ritter Gluck”, 1809), “The Musical Sufferings of Johannes Kreisler, Kapellmeister” (“Johannes Kreisler's, des Kapellmeisters musikalische Leiden1810”, 1813 , "Don Giovanni" (1813), dialogue "The Poet and the Composer" ("Der Dichter und der Komponist", 1814). Nkhani za Hoffmann pambuyo pake zidaphatikizidwa m'gulu la Fantasies mu Mzimu wa Callot (Fantasiesucke mu Callot's Manier, 15-XNUMX).

M'nkhani zazifupi, komanso mu Fragments of the Biography ya Johannes Kreisler, zomwe zidalowetsedwa mu buku lakuti The Worldly Views of the Cat Murr (Lebensansichten des Katers Murr, 1822), Hoffmann adapanga chithunzi chomvetsa chisoni cha woyimba wouziridwa, "wamisala" wa Kreisler. Kapellmeister”, yemwe amapandukira philistinism ndipo ayenera kuvutika. Ntchito za Hoffmann zinakhudza kukongola kwa KM Weber, R. Schumann, R. Wagner. Zithunzi ndakatulo za Hoffmann zinali m'ntchito za olemba ambiri - R. Schumann ("Kreislerian"), R. Wagner ("The Flying Dutchman"), PI Tchaikovsky ("The Nutcracker"), AS Adam ("Giselle"). , L. Delibes (“Coppelia”), F. Busoni (“Kusankha kwa Mkwatibwi”), P. Hindemith (“Cardillac”) ndi ena. wotchedwa Zinnober "," Mfumukazi Brambilla ", etc. Hoffmann ndi ngwazi ya masewera a J. Offenbach ("Tales of Hoffmann", 1881) ndi G. Lachchetti ("Hoffmann", 1912).

Hoffmann ndi mlembi wa ntchito zoimbira, kuphatikizapo German chikondi opera Ondine (1813, post. 1816, Berlin), opera Aurora (1811-12; mwina post. 1813, Würzburg; posthumous post. 1933, Bamberg ), symphonies, kwaya, nyimbo zapachipinda. Mu 1970, kusindikizidwa kwa nyimbo zosankhidwa ndi Hoffmann kudayamba ku Mainz (FRG).

Zolemba: ntchito, ed. ndi G. Ellinger, B.-Lpz.-W.-Stuttg., 1927; ntchito za ndakatulo. Yosinthidwa ndi G. Seidel. Mawu oyamba a Hans Mayer, vols. 1-6, В., 1958; Zolemba zanyimbo ndi zolemba pamodzi ndi makalata ndi zolemba zamkati. Osankhidwa ndi kufotokozedwa ndi Richard Münnich, Weimar, 1961; ku рус. pa. — Избранные произведения, т. 1-3, M., 1962.

Zothandizira: Braudo EM, ETA Hoffman, P., 1922; Ivanov-Boretsky M., ETA Hoffman (1776-1822), "Maphunziro a Nyimbo", 1926, No 3-4; Rerman VE, opera yachikondi yaku Germany, m'buku lake: Opera House. Zolemba ndi kafukufuku, M., 1961, p. 185-211; Zhitomirsky D., Zabwino komanso zenizeni muzokongoletsa za ETA Hoffmann. "SM", 1973, No8.

CA Marcus