Issay Dobrowen |

Issay Dobrowen

Dzina lenileni ndi surname - Yitzchok Zorakhovich Barabeychik. Ali ndi zaka 5 ankaimba piyano. Mu 1901-11 anaphunzira pa Moscow Conservatory ndi AA Yaroshevsky, KN Igumnov (Piano kalasi). Mu 1911-12 adachita bwino pa Sukulu ya Maphunziro Apamwamba ku Academy of Music and Performing Arts ku Vienna ndi L. Godowsky. Mu 1917-21 pulofesa pa Moscow Philharmonic School, kalasi limba.

Monga kondakitala, iye kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ake mu Theatre. VF Komissarzhevskaya (1919), yomwe inachitika ku Bolshoi Theatre ku Moscow (1921-22). Anasewera pulogalamu ya konsati ya VI Lenin m'nyumba ya EP Peshkova, kuphatikizapo sonata ya L. Beethoven "Appassionata". Kuyambira 1923 iye ankakhala kunja, anachita monga kondakitala mu symphony zoimbaimba ndi opera nyumba (kuphatikizapo Dresden State Opera, kumene mu 1923 anachita kupanga woyamba mu Germany Boris Godunov). Mu 1 anali wotsogolera woyamba wa Bolshoi Volksoper ku Berlin ndi wotsogolera wa Dresden Philharmonic Concerts. Mu 1924-1, wotsogolera nyimbo wa State Opera ku Sofia. Mu 1927 adakhala mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Museum Concert ku Frankfurt am Main.

Mu 1931-35 mtsogoleri wa symphony orchestra ku San Francisco (2 nyengo), anachita ndi oimba ambiri, kuphatikizapo Minneapolis, New York, Philadelphia. Iye anayendera monga kondakitala m'mayiko osiyanasiyana European, kuphatikizapo Italy, Hungary, Sweden (mu 1941-45 iye anatsogolera Royal Opera mu Stockholm). Kuyambira 1948 iye anachita pa La Scala Theatre (Milan).

Dobrovein ankasiyanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe chapamwamba cha nyimbo, luso la oimba, chidziwitso chapadera cha rhythm, luso ndi khalidwe lowala. Wolemba ntchito zambiri mu mzimu wa Romantics ndi AN Scriabin, pakati pawo ndakatulo, nyimbo zovina, zovina ndi zidutswa zina za piyano, konsati ya piyano ndi oimba; 2 sonatas ya piyano (yachiwiri idaperekedwa kwa Scriabin) ndi 2 ya violin ndi piyano; zidutswa za violin (ndi piyano); zachikondi, nyimbo zamasewera.

M'dziko lathu, Dobrovein amadziwika makamaka ngati woyimba piyano. Wophunzira ku Moscow Conservatory, wophunzira wa Taneyev ndi Igumnov, adachita bwino ku Vienna ndi L. Godovsky ndipo mwamsanga adapeza kutchuka kwa Ulaya. Kale mu nthawi za Soviet Dobrovein anali ndi mwayi wosewera pa nyumba ya Gorky kwa Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, yemwe adayamikira kwambiri luso lake. Wojambulayo adakumbukirabe msonkhano ndi Lenin kwa moyo wake wonse. Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, kupereka msonkho kwa mtsogoleri wamkulu wa chisinthiko, Dobrovein adachita konsati ku Berlin yokonzedwa ndi kazembe wa Soviet pa tsiku lokumbukira imfa ya Ilyich ...

Dobrovein adayamba ngati kondakitala mu 1919 ku Bolshoi Theatre. Chipambano chinakula mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu anaitanidwa ku Dresden kukachita zisudzo za nyumba ya zisudzo. Kuyambira pamenepo, zaka makumi atatu - mpaka imfa yake - Dobrovein anakhala kunja, akungoyendayenda mosalekeza ndi maulendo. Kulikonse iye ankadziwika ndi kuyamikiridwa makamaka ngati wachangu propagandist ndi womasulira bwino Russian nyimbo. Ngakhale ku Dresden, kupambana kwenikweni kunamubweretsera kupanga "Boris Godunov" - woyamba pa siteji ya Germany. Kenako anabwereza bwino ku Berlin, ndipo patapita nthawi - pambuyo Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko - Toscanini anaitana Dobrovijn ku La Scala, kumene anachititsa Boris Godunov, Khovanshchina, Prince Igor kwa nyengo zitatu (1949-1951). ”, “Kitezh”, “Firebird”, “Scheherazade” ...

Dobrovein wayenda padziko lonse lapansi. Wachita m'maholo owonetserako masewero ndi ma concert ku Rome, Venice, Budapest, Stockholm, Sofia, Oslo, Helsinki, New York, San Francisco ndi mizinda ina yambiri. M'zaka za m'ma 30, wojambulayo adagwira ntchito ku America kwa nthawi ndithu, koma adalephera kukhazikika mu bizinesi ya nyimbo ndikubwerera ku Ulaya mwamsanga. Kwa zaka khumi ndi theka zapitazi, Dobrovijn wakhala makamaka ku Sweden, akutsogolera zisudzo ndi oimba ku Gothenburg, amachita pafupipafupi ku Stockholm ndi mizinda ina ya Scandinavia komanso ku Europe konse. M'zaka zimenezi, iye analemba zambiri zolemba za nyimbo Russian (kuphatikizapo concerto Medtner ndi wolemba soloist), komanso symphonies Brahms. Zojambulira izi zimapangitsa kuti mumve chomwe chinali chinsinsi cha chithumwa cha kondakitala: kutanthauzira kwake kumakopa mwatsopano, kufulumira kwamalingaliro, kuwonetsa, nthawi zina, koma kuvala mawonekedwe akunja. Dobrovein anali munthu waluso lambiri. Kugwira ntchito m'nyumba za zisudzo ku Ulaya, iye sanadziwonetse yekha monga wochititsa kalasi yoyamba, komanso wotsogolera luso. Adalemba opera "1001 Nights" komanso nyimbo zingapo za piyano.

"Contemporary Conductors", M. 1969.