General kupuma |

Kupuma pang'ono (German Generalpause, abbr. GR; English general rest; French silence; Italian vuoto) ndi kupuma kwanthawi yayitali m'mawu onse a muses. ntchito yolembedwa kwa instr wamkulu. nyimbo, makamaka za oimba. Mtengo wa magawo G.P. sipang'ono kuposa kugunda. G. p. imapezeka m'mphepete mwa muses. mawonekedwe, mwachitsanzo, pakusintha kuchokera ku chiwonetsero kupita ku chitukuko (gawo 1 la L. Beethoven la 7 symphony), m'mawu oyamba ndi ma code. Mwadzidzidzi G. p., kuyimitsa kuyenda kwa nyimbo, ndizodziwika kwambiri. malingaliro komanso kukhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu. Chifukwa chake, mu gawo loyamba la F. Schubert's Unfinished Symphony, mutu wanyimbowo umasokonezedwa mwadzidzidzi ndipo, pakangokhala chete pang'onopang'ono, nyimbo zowopsa zimamveka. Mu minuet kuchokera ku symphony No 1 yolemba J. Haydn, mipiringidzo iwiri G. p. amagwiritsidwa ntchito, m'malo mwake, ngati nthabwala. zotsatira; pambuyo yopuma mosayembekezereka, mutu umatha mosangalala. Kuyima kwa nthawi mu zida zapachipinda. ndi wok. zolemba, komanso mu chida chimodzi (fp., organ) amatanthauzidwa ndi mawu akuti "GP" kawirikawiri, ngakhale amaimba nyimbo. kupanga ntchito yomweyo (onani Imani). Nthawi zina G. p. amatchulidwa ndi mawu ena (mwachitsanzo, mu 104st act Ivan Susanin, m'lingaliro la G. p., mawu akuti lungo silenzio - "kukhala chete" amagwiritsidwa ntchito).

VN Kholopova