Momwe mungawerengere nyimbo (Phunziro 2)

Pa phunziro lomaliza la Maphunziro athu, tinaphunzira momwe tingayendetsere kiyibodi ya piyano, tinadziwa mfundo: interval, kamvekedwe, semitone, mgwirizano, tonality, gamma.

Komabe, ngati mukufuna kukhala otsimikiza pakuyimba piyano, ndiye kuti muyenera kuwerenga nyimbo. Vomerezani kuti ngati inu, mwachitsanzo, mumadziwa bwino chinenero chachilendo, koma simungathe kuwerenga kapena kulembamo, ndiye kuti phindu la chidziwitso chanu lidzakhala lochepa kwambiri. Inde, sindingakunamizeni - ichi sichidziwitso chosavuta kuphunzira, ndipo poyamba muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi kuti mumvetsetse kuti ndi mzere uti womwe ukutanthauza chiyani, muyenera kudziwa bwino zilembo zakumaloko: zizindikiro za kupuma, nthawi ndi zina zotero. Koma, kachiwiri, zotsatira sizidzakupangitsani inu kuyembekezera.

Zotsatira zake, mudzatha kumvetsetsa zolemba za nyimbo momasuka ndipo kenako, kungoyika zolembazo patsogolo panu, mudzaziwerenga ngati buku lachi Russia, ndipo modekha mudzayimba nyimbo za zovuta zilizonse pazambiri. chida. Ndipo ndi limba popanda iwo zidzakhala zovuta kwenikweni. Oimba magitala ali ndi chopulumutsira moyo, chotchedwa tablature, chomwe chimasonyeza momveka bwino kuti ndizovuta ziti ndi zingwe zomwe muyenera kuzigwira kuti mupangitse izi kapena phokoso, koma, kunena zoona, iyi ndi dongosolo lachikale, ndi akatswiri oimba gitala, ndipo ndithudi oimba aliwonse amagwiritsa ntchito zolemba.

Yang'anani mosamala pa chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa, chikuwonetsa zonse momveka bwino momwe zingathere. Chinthu choyamba chomwe mudzawona ndi kiyibodi ya piyano ndi zolemba pamwamba pake.

Octave - iyi ndi sikelo yogawidwa m'magawo ofanana, octave imodzi imayamba ndi cholembera Do komanso imathera ndi cholemba C, cholemba C chotsatira pambuyo pa C chidzanena za octave yotsatira.

Pansi mukuwona chingwe chokwera - pomwe mudzagwira nawo ntchito. Apo ayi amatchedwa Kiyi yamchere - cholemba chomwe chili pafupi ndi icho, monganso sizovuta kulingalira, Sol, nuance yofunika kwambiri ndi mchere wa octave yoyamba. Izi ndizofala kwambiri pamitundu yonse ya makiyi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolemba zapamwamba, komanso sizoyenera chida chilichonse. Pa piyano, zolemba zolembedwa mu kiyi iyi zidzaseweredwa makamaka ndi dzanja lamanja. Kuphatikiza pa piyano, zolemba zimalembedwa mumtsempha uwu za violin (motero dzina), pazida zomveka zambiri, za magitala, komanso zida zambiri zomwe zimabala zolemba kuchokera ku octave yaing'ono ndi apamwamba.

Kiyi yachiwiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa piano ndi mabass, kapena Fa kiyi (chikalatacho chili pafupi ndi icho). Imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kuposa ya violin, ndipo poyamba simudzayigwiritsa ntchito, koma pambuyo pake, ndi zovuta za magawo, mudzayenera kusewera mizere ya bass yomwe idzakhala pansi pa octave yaying'ono (subcontroctave → counteroctave → yayikulu. octave → octave yaying'ono).

Bass ndi phokoso lochepa, choncho fungulo limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zokhala ndi phokoso lochepa, monga gitala la bass, bass awiri, bassoon.

Zofunika: kusiyana kwa nkhaniyi sikungokhala zodzikongoletsera - pamtengo, zolemba mu bass clef zidzalembedwa ndi kukonzedwa mosiyana, muyenera kuziloweza pamtima, koma tidzakhudza bass clef pambuyo pake.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za zolemba ndikuti sizimayimira zomwe zikuseweredwa, komanso nthawi yake. Zolemba zonse zomwe mukuwona pamwambapa ndi zathunthu, ndiye kuti, zimapita monsemo bolodi 

Njira - gawo la ntchito pakati pa mizere iwiri ya bar yomwe imayikidwa kutsogolo kwa zomwe zimatchedwa kugunda kwamphamvu mu nyimbo.

Umu ndi momwe mzere wa bar womwe uli pakati pa ntchitoyi umawonetsedwa:

Ndipo umu ndi momwe mzere wa bar womaliza umasonyezedwera, pomwe ntchitoyo imathera:

kugunda kwamphamvu - pachimake pamlingo umodzi, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mfundo yakuti cholembacho chikuyimbidwa mokweza kwambiri, chofunika kwambiri mmenemo ndi chakuti woimbayo amatsindika ndipo womvetsera, ngakhale mosadziwa, adzamvetsa kumene ndimeyi inathera. Ndi iko komwe, munadzipeza nokha pa mfundo yakuti pamene mukumvetsera nyimbo, mosadzifunira mumagunda nyimboyo ndi phazi lanu, kumenya tebulo modekha ndi chikhatho chanu, kugwedeza mutu wanu ku kugunda kwa nyimboyo. Kugwedeza kwanu kulikonse kapena kukankha ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka muyeso (pokhapokha, ndithudi, mukudwala arrhythmia, koma ndikukayikira).

Pankhani ya kutalika kwa zolemba, chithunzi chawo chidzakhala chosavuta kukumbukira kuposa zomwe mwalandira kale.

Mutha kupitiliza ngati mukufuna kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Tsopano muli ndi lingaliro lachiphamaso la zomwe zolemba zokhala ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyana zimawoneka, tsopano yesani kufika pansi pake ...

Mayina a nthawi yayitali, monga mukuwonera, ndiye chidziwitso chachikulu. Bwalo lonse lojambulidwa pamwambapa ndi cholemba chonse, chimamveka pa bar. Theka note, motero, ndi kuwirikiza kawiri.

Hafu = ½ lonse

Chachinayi = ½ theka = ¼ lonse

Chachisanu ndi chitatu = ½ kotala = ¼ theka = 1/8 lonse

Momwemonso, ndendende zolemba zambiri zomwe zitha kukwanira mulingo womwe ungagwirizane ndi bwaloli: silingakhale, mwachitsanzo, zolemba ziwiri theka ndi chimodzi chachisanu ndi chitatu, sipangakhale magawo asanu mwa anayi. Chiwerengero sichingapitilire chimodzi, ndiye kuti noti yonse. Zina zonse zidzangokhala ndi malingaliro anu:

Yathunthu = Hafu + Yachisanu ndi chitatu + Yachisanu ndi chitatu + Yachisanu ndi chitatu + Yachisanu ndi chitatu

Lachisanu Lachinayi + Lachisanu ndi chitatu + Hafu + Lachisanu ndi chitatu ...

Monga ndalembera kale, nthawi sizidzakhala zachisanu ndi chitatu kapena khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. 32s, 64s, ngakhale 128s ndi kupitirira (ngakhale izi ndi zongopeka kwambiri).

Ndikuganiza kuti mwamvetsa mfundo yake…

Mkati mwa muyeso uliwonse, chiwerengero china cha kumenyedwa kwa rhythmic chikhoza kupezeka.

Mpando wachifumu - zili ngati magalimoto apamtunda omwe amatha kukwanira anthu angapo, mwachitsanzo akuluakulu 4 kapena ana 8 (Kukula 4/4). Ndi angati aiwo omwe angagwirizane ndi kugunda kumawonetsa kukula.

Chifukwa chake, tatsala pang'ono kumaliza - kugunda size.

Yang'ananinso chithunzi pamwambapa. Kukanakhala kuti panalibe zinthu zina zimene zimasonkhezera kulengedwa kwa nyimbo, ndiye kuti tikanakhala m’dziko limene kugunda kwapansi kukanakhala kofanana nthaŵi zonse m’nyimbo zonse, m’dziko limene sipadzakhala nyimbo zovina, ndipo mwachizoloŵezi, kayimbidwe kake kakanakhala kokulirapo. osauka.

Manambala amene alembedwa pambuyo pa kiyi amasonyeza chiyani kugunda size, ndiko kuti, kangati komanso momwe mungamve kugunda kwamphamvu.

Nambala yapamwamba kwambiri zimatanthauza kuchuluka kwa kumenyedwa kwa muyeso, ndi m'munsi Kodi ndi nthawi yanji?

Zosankha za manambala apansi:

• 1 - zonse
• 2 - hafu
• 4 - kotala
• 8 - eyiti
• 16 - khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi
• 32 - XNUMX, ndi zina zotero.

4/4 ndiye kukula kofala kwambiri, kumavomerezedwa ngati kutchulidwa. Ndikalankhula za nthawi yolemba, ndimalankhula za siginecha ya 4/4x. Ziwerengerozi zikutanthauza kuti pali kumenyedwa kwa 4 muyeso ndipo ndi kotala-kugunda kwanthawi yayitali.

Koma pambali pa izo, pali ena, ndipo ndithu sanali muyezo. Koma ngakhale sindidzakuchulukitsirani zambiri, kwa nthawi yoyamba (ndipo ikatenga nthawi) zitatu izi zidzakukwanirani:

Kuti mumvetsetse bwino, apa, mwachitsanzo, momwe bala mu 2/4 imawonekera pazithunzi:

Monga mukuwonera, muyeso wonsewo ndi ½ wa 4/4 ndipo, motere, ndizochepera 2 kuposa zolemba zonse, mwachitsanzo, kukula kwake kudzakhala theka:

2/4 = 1 theka = 2 pa anayi = 4 asanu ndi atatu

Kugunda kwa 2nd kulikonse kumawonedwa ngati kugunda kwamphamvu.

Mu ¾, zonse zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri:

¾ = 1 theka + 1 pachinayi = 3 pachinayi = 6 magawo asanu ndi atatu

Mwa njira, waltz imaseweredwa mwanjira iyi! Koma ichi sichinthu choposa funso lokhudza nyimbo zovina. Iwo omwe akhala akuvina adzandimvetsa, ndipo ambiri, ndikuganiza, amva mawu awa, omwe akhala akudziwika kale, kangapo: "Imodzi, ziwiri, zitatu! Chimodzi ziwiri zitatu!". Inde, iyi ndi ¾.

Koma nkhani yotereyi imapezekanso mu kukula kwa 3/8, ndipo apa sitidzalingalira magawo, koma asanu ndi atatu. Chifukwa nambala yapamwamba imatiuza kuti pali kumenyedwa kwa 3 muyeso, ndipo nambala yapansi imatiuza kuti si kotala, koma eyiti mu nthawi.

Gawolo siliyenera nthawi zonse kudzaza bala kwathunthu, nthawi zina payenera kukhala malo opanda kanthu, kuyimitsa, kukhala ndendende. Pakutchulidwa kwawo, palinso zizindikiro zapadera zomwe, palibe komwe mungapite, koma muyenera kukumbukira. Kumbukiraninso kuti ngati pali kadontho kolimba kwambiri pafupi ndi cholembacho, ndiye kuti nthawiyo yawonjezedwa ndi theka!

Ndikukhulupirira kuti mukukumbukirabe phunziro loyamba, pomwe ndidafotokozera momwe masikelo amaseweredwa.

Tidasanthula C yayikulu (C dur), F yayikulu (F dur), G yayikulu (G dur). Tsopano, pokhala ndi chidziwitso chatsopano, tiyeni tiwone momwe masikelowa adzawonekera (tingathe kuchita popanda C yaikulu - chirichonse chiri chodziwikiratu pamenepo).

F wamkulu (F pa)

G wamkulu (G wamkulu)

Ma Flats ndi akuthwa akuwonetsa zolemba zomwe mudzasewera pa makiyi akuda .... Komabe, muyenera kudziwa zonse, mudasewera masikelo, sichoncho? Kupatula apo, anali kusewera, sichoncho? Kumbukirani, ndikukhulupirira mwa inu!

Tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule ndikuwona zomwe mungaphunzire:

Iyi ndiyo nyimbo yosavuta kwambiri yochokera ku sukulu ya mkaka: "Mkate-mkate, sankhani aliyense amene mukufuna!".

Yatsani kuchotsa:

1. Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa nyimboyi, clef imayikidwa nthawi zonse, pamenepa, ndiye clef treble.
2. Pali 2 yakuthwa pambuyo pa kiyi. Zangozi zikuwonetsa chinsinsi chomwe chidutswacho chikuseweredwa. Pachifukwa ichi, zowonongeka pa ndodo zili pa olamulira C a octave yachiwiri ndi F ya octave yachiwiri. Kuchokera apa tikumaliza kuti nyimboyi ikuseweredwa mu fungulo la D lalikulu (ndikhululukireni chifukwa simunadziwebe izi, sindinakhudzebe pamlingo uwu m'maphunziro).
3. 2/4 - mukuwona siginecha ya nthawi, yomwe muyenera kuyang'ana komanso osapitilira malire ake. Kugunda kulikonse kwamphamvu ndi kwachiwiri.
4. Chizindikiro cha kuyimitsidwa kwa kotala - gawo loyamba la nyimbo liyenera kupita popanda kutsagana ndi piyano.
5. Zolemba ziwiri zisanu ndi zitatu za D za octave yoyamba.
6. Mzere wanzeru.
7. Chiyambi cha muyeso wotsatira: 2 "2" zolemba za Sol octave yoyamba, XNUMX XNUMX C ya octave yoyamba.

Ngati malingaliro anu adagwirizana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, ndiye kuti ndikufulumira kukuthokozani, mukuyenda njira yoyenera. Ngati simunachite bwino nthawi imodzi, musataye mtima - izi ndizovuta kuzidziwa kuyambira poyambira .... Koma, monga akunena, njira yaikulu yophunzirira chinachake ndikuchita. Poyamba, sewerani nyimbo zosavuta kuchokera papepala la nyimbo, ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, yesani kuimba zolemba zomwe mumawerenga. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndizofunika kuti mukhale ndi munthu wodziwa komanso kumva bwino pafupi ndi inu, chifukwa ngati "mupanda", zidzangokuvulazani. Ngati muli ndi chidaliro pakumva kwanu, pitirirani ... Nthawi zambiri, mutha kuyang'ana pa piyano yanu - sizingakulole kunama ndi mawu anu.

Pang'onopang'ono, ngati mumayimba ndi kusewera ngakhale masikelo omwewo, luso lanu lidzakwera kufika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo mudzawerenga zolemba ndi chidaliro chochuluka. Mukukumbukira kuti chinthu chofunika kwambiri m’nyumba ndi maziko. Mukachiyika molimba kwambiri, kudzakhala kosavuta kuti mukhale ndi moyo m'tsogolo. Pakali pano ... Kuleza mtima kwa inu, abwenzi anga, kudekha!

Lero, monga bonasi, ndikupangira kuti muyesere kuzindikira zolemba pogwiritsa ntchito iyi. pulogalamu yophunzirira nyimbo.

Phunziro lathu lotsatira, lachitatu lidzaperekedwa ku masikelo, mipata ndi mfundo zina zomwe woyimba piyano wamtsogolo ayenera kudziwa.