Plácido Domingo (Plácido Domingo) |
Placido Domingo
José Placido Domingo Embil anabadwa pa January 21, 1941 ku Madrid m'banja la oimba. Amayi ake (Pepita Embil) ndi abambo (Plácido Domingo Ferer) anali odziwika bwino mumtundu wa zarzuela, dzina lachi Spanish la sewero lanthabwala loyimba, kuvina komanso kukambirana.
Ngakhale kuti mnyamatayo analowa dziko la nyimbo kuyambira ali mwana, zokonda zake zinali zosiyanasiyana. Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, iye anaimba kale pamaso pa anthu monga woimba piyano, kenako anayamba kuchita chidwi ndi kuimba. Komabe, Placido ankakonda kwambiri mpira ndipo ankasewera mu timu yamasewera. Mu 1950, makolowo anasamukira ku Mexico. Apa anapitiliza ntchito zawo zaluso, ndikukonza gulu lawo ku Mexico City.
"Ndili ndi zaka khumi ndi zinayi ... makolo anga adayang'anizana ndi funso loti andikonzekere kukhala woimba," akutero Domingo. “Pomalizira pake, anaganiza zonditumiza ku National Conservatory, kumene ana asukulu amaphunzira nyimbo ndi maphunziro wamba. Zinali zovuta kwa ine poyamba. Ndinkakonda Barajas, ndinamuzolowera ndipo ndinazolowerana ndi mphunzitsi wanga watsopano kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma ndimakhulupirira mu la fona del destino, mu kudzipereka, zonse zomwe zinachitika m'moyo wanga nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino kwambiri. Zowonadi, aphunzitsi anga akanakhala kuti ali ndi moyo, sindikanathera m’chipinda chosungiramo zinthu zosungirako zinthu zakale ndipo tsoka langa silikanachitika kusintha kumene kunachitika posachedwapa panjira ya moyo yatsopanoyi. Ndikanakhala ndi Barajas, ndikanafuna kukhala woimba piyano. Ndipo ngakhale kuimba piyano kunali kophweka - ndinawerenga bwino kuchokera pakuwona, ndinali ndi nyimbo zachilengedwe - ndikukayikira kuti ndikadapanga woyimba piyano wamkulu. Pomaliza, zikanakhala kuti palibe zochitika zatsopano, sindikanayamba kuyimba mwamsanga monga momwe zinachitikira.
Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, Placido adawonekera koyamba mu gulu la makolo ake ngati woimba. Mu zisudzo zarzuela anachita zisudzo angapo ndi ngati kondakitala.
Domingo analemba kuti: “Manuel Aguilar, mwana wa kazembe wina wotchuka wa ku Mexico amene ankagwira ntchito ku United States, ankaphunzira nane kusukulu yophunzitsa anthu maphunziro. “Nthawi zonse ankanena kuti ndawononga nthawi yanga pa nthabwala zanyimbo. Mu 1959 anandipeza kuti ndikachite nawo kafukufuku pa National Opera. Kenako ndinasankha ma arias awiri kuchokera ku baritone repertoire: mawu oyamba ochokera ku Pagliacci ndi aria ochokera ku André Chénier. Mamembala a bungweli omwe adandimva adanena kuti adakonda mawu anga, koma, malinga ndi malingaliro awo, ndinali mtsogoleri wa tenola, osati wamba; Ndinafunsidwa ngati ndingathe kuimba tenor aria. Sindinkadziwa nyimboyi, koma ndinamva ena ndipo ndinawauza kuti ayimbe zinazake. Anandibweretsera zolemba za Loris aria "Chikondi sichiletsedwa" kuchokera ku "Fedora" ya Giordano, ndipo, ngakhale kuti adayimba monama "la", ndinapatsidwa kuti ndipange mgwirizano. Mamembala a bungweli anatsimikiza kuti ndinalidi tena.
Ndinadabwa ndi chisangalalo, makamaka popeza kuti mgwirizanowu unandipatsa ndalama zokwanira, ndipo ndinali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zokha. Panali mitundu iwiri ya nyengo ku National Opera: dziko, momwe ojambula akumaloko adachita, ndi mayiko ena, omwe mbali zotsogola za oimba otchuka ochokera padziko lonse lapansi adaitanidwa kuti aziyimba, ndipo oimba a zisudzo adagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira. maudindo. Kwenikweni, ndinapemphedwa kuchita mbali zoterozo makamaka m’nyengo zamitundu yonse. Ntchito zanga zinalinso ndi magawo ophunzirira ndi oimba ena. Ndinakhala wotsagana nawo pamene ndikugwira ntchito zambiri za zisudzo. Ena mwa iwo anali Orpheus wa Faust ndi Glukovsky, panthawi yokonzekera yomwe ndinatsagana ndi zolemba za choreographer Anna Sokolova.
Ntchito yanga yoyamba ya opera inali Borsa ku Rigoletto. Popanga izi, Cornell McNeill adayimba udindo, Flaviano Labo adayimba Duke, ndipo Ernestina Garfias adayimba Gilda. Linali tsiku losangalatsa kwambiri. Makolo anga, monga eni ake abizinesi yawo yochitira zisudzo, anandipatsa chovala chapamwamba kwambiri. Labo adadabwa kuti novice tenor adakwanitsa bwanji kupeza suti yokongola chonchi. Miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake, ndinachita mbali yofunika kwambiri - kuyimba wansembe mu sewero loyamba la ku Mexico la Poulenc's Dialogues des Carmelites.
M’nyengo ya 1960/61, kwa nthaŵi yoyamba, ndinali ndi mwayi woimba limodzi ndi oimba odziwika bwino Giuseppe Di Stefano ndi Manuel Ausensi. Zina mwa maudindo anga anali Remendado ku Carmen, Spoletta ku Tosca, Goldfinch ndi Abbe ku Andre Chenier, Goro ku Madama Butterfly, Gaston ku La Traviata ndi Emperor ku Turandot. Amfumu samaimba nkomwe, koma chovala chake ndi chapamwamba. Martha, amene ndinali nditangodziŵana naye bwino kwambiri panthaŵiyo, ngakhale tsopano samaphonya mpata wondikumbutsa mmene ndinaliri wonyadira chifukwa cha kavalidwe kabwino kameneko, ngakhale kuti ntchitoyo inali yaing’ono. Nditapatsidwa mwayi wosewera Emperor, sindimadziwa Turandot. Sindidzaiwala kuonekera kwanga koyamba m’chipinda chochitira maseŵero, mmene panthawiyo kwaya ndi okhestra zinali kuphunzira nambala yakuti “Oh mwezi, n’chifukwa chiyani ukuchedwa?”. Mwina, nditaona ntchito yawo lero, ndingazindikire kuti gulu la oimba limasewera mopanda phokoso, ndipo kwaya siyiyimba bwino kwambiri, koma panthawiyi nyimboyo idandigwira mtima. Chinali chimodzi mwazowoneka bwino kwambiri pamoyo wanga - sindinamvepo chinthu chokongola chotere.
Atangoyamba kumene, Domingo anaimba kale ku Dallas Opera House, ndipo kwa nyengo zitatu anali soloist wa zisudzo ku Tel Aviv, komwe adakwanitsa kupeza zofunikira ndikukulitsa nyimbo zake.
Mu theka lachiwiri la 60s, kutchuka kwakukulu kunabwera kwa woimbayo. M'dzinja la 1966, adakhala woyimba payekha ndi New York City Opera House ndipo kwa nyengo zingapo adasewera pagawo lake monga Rudolf ndi Pinkerton (La Boheme ndi Madama Butterfly lolemba G. Puccini), Canio ku Pagliacci wolemba R. Leoncavallo, José mu "Carmen" ndi J. Bizet, Hoffmann mu "Nthano za Hoffmann" ndi J. Offenbach.
Mu 1967, Domingo adachita chidwi ndi anthu ambiri chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake, akuchita bwino kwambiri ku Lohengrin pabwalo la Hamburg. Ndipo chakumapeto kwa 1968, chifukwa cha ngozi, iye kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake pa Metropolitan Opera: theka la ola pamaso pa sewerolo, wotchuka Franco Corelli anadwala, ndipo Domingo anakhala bwenzi Renata Tebaldi Adrienne Lecouvreur. Ndemanga zochokera kwa otsutsa zinali zokomera mtima.
M'chaka chomwecho, woimba waku Spain adalemekezedwa kuyimba pakutsegulira nyengo ku La Scala, ku Hernani, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo wakhalabe chokongoletsera chosasinthika cha zisudzo izi.
Potsirizira pake, mu 1970, Domingo pomalizira pake anagonjetsa anzawo, choyamba anaimba ku La Gioconda ndi Ponchielli ndi m’nyimbo ya opera yotchedwa Poet ya F. Torroba, ndiyeno m’makonsati. Mu Okutobala chaka chomwecho, Domingo adaimba koyamba mu Verdi's Masquerade Ball, pamodzi ndi woyimba wotchuka waku Spain Montserrat Caballe. Pambuyo pake adapanga imodzi mwamasewera odziwika kwambiri.
Kuyambira pamenepo, ntchito yofulumira ya Placido Domingo siingathenso kubwereranso ku cholembera cha wolemba mbiri, ndizovuta ngakhale kutchula kupambana kwake. Chiwerengero cha zigawo za zisudzo m'gulu repertoire wake okhazikika kuposa khumi ndi asanu, koma, kuwonjezera, iye mofunitsitsa anaimba zarzuelas, mtundu ankakonda Spanish wowerengeka nyimbo. Anagwirizana ndi otsogolera akuluakulu a nthawi yathu komanso ndi otsogolera mafilimu ambiri omwe adajambula zisudzo ndi kutenga nawo mbali - Franco Zeffirelli, Francesco Rosi, Joseph Schlesinger. Tiwonjeze kuti kuyambira 1972 Domingo wakhala akuchitanso bwino ngati kondakitala.
M’zaka zonse za m’ma 70 ndi m’ma 80, Domingo ankaimba nthaŵi zonse m’mabwalo ochitira maseŵero otsogola kwambiri padziko lonse: Covent Garden ya London, La Scala ya Milan, Grand Opera ya Paris, Hamburg ndi Vienna Opera. Woimbayo wakhazikitsa maubwenzi olimba ndi chikondwerero cha Verona Arena. Katswiri wina wodziwika bwino wa nyimbo wa ku England komanso wolemba mbiri wa nyumba ya zisudzo G. Rosenthal analemba kuti: “Domingo inali chivumbulutso chenicheni cha zikondwerero. Pambuyo pa Björling, sindinamvepo tenor, yemwe mumasewera ake pangakhale nyimbo zambiri zamatsenga, chikhalidwe chenicheni komanso kukoma kosakhwima.
Mu 1974, Domingo - mu Moscow. Kuimba kochokera pansi pamtima kwa gawo la Cavaradossi kudakhalabe m'chikumbukiro cha okonda nyimbo ambiri kwa nthawi yayitali.
Domingo analemba kuti: “Ndinayamba kucheza nawo ku Russia pa June 8, 1974. - Chikondwerero chomwe Moscow adapereka kwa gulu la La Scala ndizosamveka. Pambuyo pa sewerolo, tidaomberedwa m'manja, kuvomereza njira zonse zomwe zidalipo kwa mphindi makumi anayi ndi zisanu. Masewero obwerezabwereza a "Tosca" pa June 10 ndi 15 adachitikanso bwino. Makolo anga anali nane ku Soviet Union, ndipo tinayenda pa sitima yausiku, yomwe ingatchedwe "sitima yausiku yoyera", popeza sikunade kwenikweni, kupita ku Leningrad. Mzindawu unali umodzi mwa malo okongola kwambiri amene ndaonapo m’moyo wanga.”
Domingo amasiyanitsidwa ndi magwiridwe antchito modabwitsa komanso kudzipereka. Zojambulira pamakaseti, ntchito pawailesi ndi wailesi yakanema, machitidwe ngati kondakitala ndi wolemba amachitira umboni kukula ndi kusinthasintha kwa luso la woimbayo.
I. Ryabova analemba kuti: “Woyimba waluso ndi mawu ofewa, okoma, owuluka, Placido Domingo amagonjetsa omvera mwachisawawa komanso moona mtima. - Masewero ake ndi oimba kwambiri, palibe kukhudzidwa kwakumverera, kusewera kwa omvera. Zojambulajambula za Domingo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe chapamwamba cha mawu, kuchuluka kwa ma nuances a timbre, ungwiro wa mawu, chithumwa chapadera.
Wojambula wosunthika komanso wochenjera, amayimba nyimbo zomveka komanso zochititsa chidwi mofanana, nyimbo yake ndi yaikulu - pafupifupi maudindo zana. Magawo ambiri amalembedwa ndi iye pa zolembedwa. Kujambula kwakukulu kwa woimbayo kumaphatikizaponso nyimbo zodziwika bwino - Italy, Spanish, American. Kupambana kosakayikitsa kunali kuchita kwa Domingo pa maudindo otsogola muzosintha zaposachedwa kwambiri za opera - La Traviata ndi Otello lolemba F. Zeffirelli, Carmen lolemba F. Rosi.
Alexey Parin analemba kuti: “Anthu a ku America amakonda kujambula nyimbo. Pofika kumapeto kwa 1987, Domingo anali atatsegula nyengo ya Metropolitan Opera kasanu ndi katatu. Anamuposa Caruso yekha. Domingo adalandira kuyimirira kotalika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kwa zisudzo, ali ndi mauta ambiri pambuyo pa sewerolo. “Sanangoimba m’chigwa chachikulu cha Etna, anachita nawo zoulutsira mawu kuchokera m’mlengalenga, ndipo sanayimbe m’gulu lachifundo pamaso pa apenguin a ku Antarctica,” akulemba motero Harvey, mnzake wapamtima wa Domingo, kondakitala ndi wotsutsa. Sachs. Mphamvu zaumunthu ndi luso laukadaulo la Domingo ndizambiri - pakadali pano, palibe teno imodzi yomwe ili ndi mbiri yochulukirapo komanso yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ngati ya Domingo. Kaya tsogolo lidzamuika pampando wofanana ndi Caruso ndi Callas, nthawi idzasankha. Komabe, pali chinthu chimodzi chotsimikizika: mwa munthu wa Domingo, tikuchita ndi woimira wamkulu kwambiri wamasewera aku Italy azaka za m'ma XNUMX, ndipo umboni wake wokhudza luso lake laluso ndi wosangalatsa kwambiri. ”
Domingo ali pachimake pa mphamvu zake zolenga. Oimba ndi okonda nyimbo amamuwona ngati wopitiliza miyambo yodabwitsa ya anthu odziwika bwino akale, wojambula yemwe amalemeretsa cholowa cha omwe adamutsogolera, woimira bwino wa chikhalidwe cha mawu a nthawi yathu.
Pano pali ndemanga yochokera ku ndemanga yotchedwa "Othello kachiwiri ku La Scala" (Magazini ya Musical Life, April 2002): chikhumbo ndi mphamvu, zomwe zinali zodziwika kwa woimbayo m'zaka zake zabwino kwambiri. Komabe, chozizwitsa chinachitika: Domingo, ngakhale anali ndi zovuta m'mabuku apamwamba, adapereka kutanthauzira kowonjezereka, kowawa kwambiri, chipatso cha kusinkhasinkha kwautali wa wojambula wamkulu, Othello wodziwika bwino wa theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la makumi awiri. zangotha kumene.
Domingo ananena kuti: “Opera ndi luso losakhoza kufa, ndipo linakhalapo kuyambira kalekale. - Ndipo adzakhala ndi moyo nthawi yonse yomwe anthu akuda nkhawa ndi zakukhosi, chikondi ...
Nyimbo zimatha kutikweza pafupifupi ku ungwiro, zimatha kutichiritsa. Chimodzi mwa zokondweretsa kwambiri m’moyo wanga ndicho kulandira makalata ochokera kwa anthu amene luso langa landithandiza kukhalanso ndi thanzi labwino. Tsiku lililonse likadutsa, ndimakhala wotsimikiza kwambiri kuti nyimbo ndi zabwino, zimathandiza kulankhulana ndi anthu. Nyimbo zimatiphunzitsa mgwirizano, zimabweretsa mtendere. Ndikukhulupirira kuti uku ndi kuyitanidwa kwake kwakukulu.
