Joseph Joachim (Joseph Joachim) |

Joseph Joachim

Pali anthu omwe amasiyana ndi nthawi komanso malo omwe amakakamizika kukhalamo; pali anthu omwe modabwitsa amagwirizanitsa mikhalidwe, mawonekedwe adziko lapansi ndi zofuna zaluso ndi kufotokozera zamalingaliro ndi zokongoletsa zanthawiyo. Ena mwa omalizirawo anali a Joachim. Zinali "malinga ndi Joachim", monga chitsanzo "chabwino" kwambiri, kuti olemba mbiri ya nyimbo Vasilevsky ndi Moser adatsimikiza zizindikiro zazikulu za kutanthauzira kwa luso la violin m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX.

Josef (Joseph) Joachim anabadwa pa June 28, 1831 m'tawuni ya Kopchen pafupi ndi Bratislava, likulu la dziko la Slovakia. Anali ndi zaka 2 pamene makolo ake anasamukira ku Pest, kumene, ali ndi zaka 8, woyimba zeze wamtsogolo anayamba kuphunzira kuchokera kwa woyimba zeze wa ku Poland Stanislav Serwaczyński, yemwe ankakhala kumeneko. Malinga ndi Joachim, anali mphunzitsi wabwino, ngakhale kuti anali ndi zolakwika zina m'maleredwe ake, makamaka pokhudzana ndi njira ya dzanja lamanja, Joachim adayenera kumenyana. Anaphunzitsa Joachim pogwiritsa ntchito maphunziro a Bayo, Rode, Kreutzer, masewero a Berio, Maiseder, ndi ena.

Mu 1839 Joachim amabwera ku Vienna. Likulu la dziko la Austria linawala ndi gulu la nyenyezi la oimba odziwika bwino, omwe Josef Böhm ndi Georg Helmesberger adadziwika kwambiri. Pambuyo pa maphunziro angapo kuchokera kwa M. Hauser, Joachim amapita ku Helmesberger. Komabe, posakhalitsa anazisiya, poganiza kuti dzanja lamanja la woyimba zezeyo silinanyalanyazidwe kwambiri. Mwamwayi, W. Ernst anachita chidwi ndi Joachim ndipo analangiza kuti bambo ake a mnyamatayo atembenukire kwa Bem.

Pambuyo pa maphunziro a miyezi 18 ndi Bem, Joachim adawonekera koyamba ku Vienna. Anachita Othello ya Ernst, ndipo kutsutsa kunawonetsa kukhwima, kuya, ndi kukwanira kwa kutanthauzira kwa mwana wopusa.

Komabe, Joachim ali ndi udindo wopanga umunthu wake monga woimba-woganiza, woimba-wojambula osati kwa Boehm ndipo, makamaka, osati ku Vienna, koma ku Leipzig Conservatory, kumene anapita ku 1843. Woyamba ku Germany wosungirako zosungirako anakhazikitsidwa ndi Mendelssohn. anali ndi aphunzitsi apamwamba. Maphunziro a violin mmenemo anali otsogozedwa ndi F. David, bwenzi lapamtima la Mendelssohn. Leipzig pa nthawi imeneyi inasanduka lalikulu nyimbo likulu mu Germany. Holo yake yotchuka ya Gewandhaus inakopa oimba ochokera padziko lonse lapansi.

Nyimbo za Leipzig zidakhudza kwambiri Joachim. Mendelssohn, David ndi Hauptmann, amene Joachim anaphunzira kupeka nyimbo, anachita mbali yaikulu pa kulera kwake. Oimba ophunzira kwambiri, adakulitsa mnyamatayo m'njira iliyonse. Mendelssohn adakopeka ndi Joachim pamsonkhano woyamba. Atamva Concerto yake akuimbidwa ndi iye, iye anasangalala kuti: “O, ndiwe mngelo wanga wokhala ndi lipenga,” iye anaseka, ponena za mnyamata wonenepa, wa masaya otuwa.

Munalibe makalasi apadera m’gulu la Davide m’lingaliro lanthaŵi zonse la mawuwa; chilichonse chinali chochepa pa malangizo a mphunzitsi kwa wophunzira. Inde, Joachim sanafunikire "kuphunzitsidwa", popeza anali kale woyimba zeze wophunzitsidwa bwino ku Leipzig. Maphunziro adasanduka nyimbo zapakhomo ndi Mendelssohn, yemwe adasewera ndi Joachim mofunitsitsa.

Miyezi ya 3 atafika ku Leipzig, Joachim adachita nawo konsati imodzi ndi Pauline Viardot, Mendelssohn ndi Clara Schumann. Pa May 19 ndi 27, 1844, makonsati ake anachitikira ku London, kumene anaimba nyimbo ya Beethoven Concerto (Mendelssohn anatsogolera okhestra); Pa May 11, 1845, iye ankaimba Concerto ya Mendelssohn ku Dresden (R. Schumann anatsogolera gulu la oimba). Mfundozi zikuchitira umboni kuzindikirika kwachangu kwa Joachim ndi oimba opambana kwambiri a nthawiyo.

Joachim atakwanitsa zaka 16, Mendelssohn anamupempha kuti akhale mphunzitsi pagulu la oimba a Gewandhaus. Joachim womaliza adagawana ndi mphunzitsi wake wakale F. David.

Joachim anali ndi nthawi yovuta ndi imfa ya Mendelssohn, yomwe inatsatira pa November 4, 1847, choncho anavomera ndi mtima wonse pempho la Liszt ndipo anasamukira ku Weimar mu 1850. Anakopekanso pano chifukwa chakuti panthawiyi anatengeka kwambiri ndi Liszt, adayesetsa kulankhulana naye kwambiri komanso gulu lake. Komabe, ataleredwa ndi Mendelssohn ndi Schumann mu miyambo yokhwima ya maphunziro, mwamsanga anakhumudwa ndi zizolowezi zokongola za "sukulu yatsopano ya Chijeremani" ndipo anayamba kusanthula mozama Liszt. J. Milstein akulemba molondola kuti anali Joachim amene, motsatira Schumann ndi Balzac, anaika maziko a lingaliro lakuti Liszt anali woimba wamkulu ndi wopeka wamba. Joachim analemba kuti: “M’buku lililonse la Liszt munthu amatha kumva bodza.

Kusagwirizana komwe kunayamba kunayambitsa chikhumbo cha Joachim chochoka ku Weimar, ndipo mu 1852 anapita ndi mpumulo ku Hannover kuti atenge malo a womwalirayo Georg Helmesberger, mwana wa mphunzitsi wake wa ku Viennese.

Hanover ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wa Joachim. Mfumu yakhungu ya Hanoverian inali yokonda kwambiri nyimbo ndipo inayamikira kwambiri luso lake. Ku Hannover, ntchito yophunzitsira ya woyimba zeze wamkulu idapangidwa mokwanira. Apa Auer anaphunzira naye, malinga ndi ziweruzo zomwe tinganene kuti panthawiyi mfundo za Joachim zinali zitatsimikiziridwa mokwanira. Ku Hanover, Joachim adapanga ntchito zingapo, kuphatikiza Concerto yaku Hungary Violin, nyimbo yake yabwino kwambiri.

Mu May 1853, pambuyo pa konsati ku Düsseldorf kumene iye anachita monga kondakitala, Joachim anakhala bwenzi ndi Robert Schumann. Anapitirizabe kugwirizana ndi Schumann mpaka imfa ya wolembayo. Joachim anali mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa amene anapita ku Schumann odwala ku Endenich. Makalata ake kwa Clara Schumann asungidwa za maulendowa, pomwe akulemba kuti pamsonkhano woyamba anali ndi chiyembekezo cha kuchira kwa woimbayo, komabe, adazimiririka atabweranso kachiwiri: ".

Schumann adapereka Fantasia ya Violin (op. 131) kwa Joachim ndipo adapereka zolemba za piyano ku ma caprice a Paganini, omwe adagwirapo ntchito m'zaka zomaliza za moyo wake.

Ku Hannover, mu May 1853, Joachim anakumana ndi Brahms (omwe panthawiyo anali wolemba nyimbo wosadziwika). Pamsonkhano wawo woyamba, ubale wabwino kwambiri unakhazikitsidwa pakati pawo, wolimbikitsidwa ndi kufanana kodabwitsa kwa malingaliro okongoletsa. Joachim adapatsa Brahms kalata yovomerezeka kwa Liszt, adamuitana bwenzi lake laling'ono kumalo ake ku Göttingen m'chilimwe, kumene adamvetsera nkhani za filosofi ku yunivesite yotchuka.

Joachim adagwira ntchito yayikulu m'moyo wa Brahms, akuchita zambiri kuti azindikire ntchito yake. Momwemonso, Brahms idakhudza kwambiri Joachim muzojambula komanso zokongoletsa. Mothandizidwa ndi Brahms, Joachim pomalizira pake adasweka ndi Liszt ndipo adatenga nawo mbali pankhondo yolimbana ndi "sukulu yatsopano ya Germany".

Pamodzi ndi chidani kwa Liszt, Joachim ankadana kwambiri ndi Wagner, zomwe, mwa njira, zinali zofanana. M'buku lonena za kuchititsa, Wagner "adapereka" mizere yovuta kwambiri kwa Joachim.

Mu 1868, Joachim anakakhala ku Berlin, kumene chaka chotsatira anasankhidwa kukhala mkulu wa Conservatory kumene anatsegula. Iye anakhalabe pa udindo umenewu mpaka mapeto a moyo wake. Kuchokera kunja, zochitika zazikulu zilizonse sizimalembedwanso mu mbiri yake. Wazunguliridwa ndi ulemu ndi ulemu, ophunzira ochokera padziko lonse lapansi akukhamukira kwa iye, amachititsa konsati yamphamvu - payekha komanso pamodzi - zochitika.

Kawiri (mu 1872, 1884) Joachim anabwera ku Russia, kumene machitidwe ake monga woimba yekha ndi madzulo a quartet adachita bwino kwambiri. Anapatsa Russia wophunzira wake wabwino kwambiri, L. Auer, yemwe anapitirizabe kuno ndipo adakulitsa miyambo ya mphunzitsi wake wamkulu. Oimba violin a ku Russia I. Kotek, K. Grigorovich, I. Nalbandyan, I. Ryvkind anapita kwa Joachim kuti akakonze luso lawo.

Pa Epulo 22, 1891, ku Berlin kunachitika chikondwerero cha zaka 60 za Joachim. Kulemekeza kunachitika pa konsati yachikumbutso; oimba a zingwe, kupatulapo mabasi awiri, adasankhidwa okha kuchokera kwa ophunzira a ngwazi yamasiku ano - 24 yoyamba ndi nambala yofanana ya violin yachiwiri, 32 violas, 24 cellos.

M’zaka zaposachedwapa, Joachim anagwira ntchito kwambiri limodzi ndi wophunzira wake komanso wolemba mbiri ya moyo wake A. Moser pokonza nyimbo za sonatas ndi partitas zolembedwa ndi J.-S. Bach, Beethoven's quartets. Iye anatenga gawo lalikulu pa chitukuko cha sukulu ya violin ya A. Moser, choncho dzina lake limawoneka ngati wolemba nawo. Mu sukulu iyi, mfundo zake zophunzitsira zimakhazikika.

Joachim anamwalira pa August 15, 1907.

Olemba mbiri ya Joachim Moser ndi Vasilevsky amawunika ntchito zake mwachangu, akukhulupirira kuti ndiye amene ali ndi ulemu wa "kuzindikira" nyimbo ya violin Bach, kufalitsa ma quartets omaliza a Concerto ndi Beethoven. Mwachitsanzo, Moser analemba kuti: “Ngati zaka XNUMX zapitazo akatswiri ochepa chabe anachita chidwi ndi Beethoven wotsiriza, tsopano, chifukwa cha khama lalikulu la Joachim Quartet, chiwerengero cha osirira chawonjezeka kwambiri. Ndipo izi sizikugwiranso ntchito kwa Berlin ndi London, kumene Quartet nthawi zonse amapereka zoimbaimba. Kulikonse kumene ophunzira a mbuyeyo amakhala ndi kugwira ntchito, mpaka ku America, ntchito ya Joachim ndi Quartet yake ikupitirira.

Chifukwa chake chodabwitsachi chidakhala chopanda nzeru chifukwa cha Joachim. Kuwonekera kwa chidwi mu nyimbo za Bach, concerto ya violin ndi quartets zomaliza za Beethoven zinali kuchitika kulikonse. Unali njira wamba yomwe idachitika m'maiko aku Europe omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chambiri choimba. Kukonza ntchito za J.-S. Bach, Beethoven pa konsati ikuchitikadi mkati mwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, koma zabodza zawo zimayamba kale Joachim, ndikutsegulira njira zochita zake.

Concerto ya Beethoven inachitidwa ndi Tomasini ku Berlin mu 1812, ndi Baio ku Paris mu 1828, ndi Viettan ku Vienna mu 1833. Viet Tang anali mmodzi mwa anthu oyambirira otchuka a ntchitoyi. Beethoven Concerto inachitidwa bwino ku St. Petersburg ndi L. Maurer mu 1834, ndi Ulrich ku Leipzig mu 1836. Mu "chitsitsimutso" cha Bach, ntchito za Mendelssohn, Clara Schumann, Bulow, Reinecke ndi ena zinali zofunika kwambiri. Ponena za ma quartets otsiriza a Beethoven, pamaso pa Joachim adamvetsera kwambiri kwa Joseph Helmesberger Quartet, yemwe mu 1858 adayesetsa kuchita poyera ngakhale Quartet Fugue (Op. 133).

Ma quartets omaliza a Beethoven adaphatikizidwa mu sewero la gulu lotsogozedwa ndi Ferdinand Laub. Ku Russia, machitidwe a Lipinski a Beethoven quartets omaliza m'nyumba ya Dollmaker mu 1839 adakopa Glinka. Panthawi yomwe amakhala ku St. Petersburg, nthawi zambiri ankasewera ndi Vietanne m'nyumba za Vielgorskys ndi Stroganovs, ndipo kuyambira zaka za m'ma 50 adalowa m'mabuku a Albrecht, Auer, ndi Laub Quartets.

Kugawa kwakukulu kwa ntchitozi komanso chidwi mwa iwo kudakhala kotheka kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana la XNUMX, osati chifukwa Joachim adawonekera, koma chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chomwe chidapangidwa panthawiyo.

Chilungamo chimafuna, komabe, kuzindikira kuti pali chowonadi pakuwunika kwa Mose pazabwino za Joachim. Zili mu mfundo yakuti Joachim adachitadi gawo lalikulu pakufalitsa ndi kutchuka kwa ntchito za Bach ndi Beethoven. Mabodza awo mosakayikira anali ntchito ya moyo wake wonse wa kulenga. Poteteza malingaliro ake, anali wokhazikika, wosagonja pazaluso. Pazitsanzo za kulimbana kwake kwakukulu kwa nyimbo za Brahms, ubale wake ndi Wagner, Liszt, mukhoza kuona momwe analiri wokhazikika pamaweruzo ake. Izi zinawonetsedwa muzokongoletsera za Joachim, yemwe adakokera ku classics ndipo adalandira zitsanzo zochepa chabe kuchokera ku mabuku achikondi a virtuoso. Maganizo ake otsutsa Paganini amadziwika, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ofanana ndi malo a Spohr.

Ngati china chake chinamukhumudwitsa ngakhale m’ntchito ya olemba nyimbo amene anali pafupi naye, iye anakhalabe m’malo otsatira mfundo za makhalidwe abwino. Nkhani yolembedwa ndi J. Breitburg yokhudza Joachim imati, atapeza anthu ambiri “osakhala a Bachian” potsagana ndi Schumann kuchipinda cha cello cha Bach, adalankhula motsutsana ndi kufalitsa kwawo ndipo adalembera Clara Schumann kuti munthu sayenera “ndi kudzichepetsa kuwonjezera… a tsamba lofota” ku nkhata ya moyo wosakhoza kufa ya wolemba . Polingalira kuti konsati ya violin ya Schumann, imene anaiimba miyezi isanu ndi umodzi asanamwalire, inali yotsika kwambiri poyerekezera ndi nyimbo zake zina, iye analemba kuti: “N’zoipa chotani nanga kulola kusinkhasinkha kulamulira pamene tinazoloŵera kukonda ndi kulemekeza ndi mtima wonse!” Ndipo Breitburg akuwonjezera kuti: "Iye anali ndi chiyero ndi mphamvu zamaganizidwe izi za maudindo mu nyimbo osadetsedwa m'moyo wake wonse wopanga."

Mu moyo wake, kutsatira mfundo za makhalidwe abwino ndi makhalidwe, nthawi zina anatembenukira Joachim yekha. Anali munthu wovuta kwa iye mwini ndi anthu omwe anali pafupi naye. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi nkhani ya ukwati wake, yomwe singawerenge popanda kumverera kwachisoni. Mu Epulo 1863, Joachim, akukhala ku Hannover, adakwatirana ndi Amalia Weiss, woimba waluso (contralto), koma adapangitsa kuti ukwati wawo usiye ntchito. Amalia adavomereza, ngakhale adatsutsa mkati kuti asachoke pa siteji. Mawu ake ankalemekezedwa kwambiri ndi Brahms, ndipo nyimbo zake zambiri zinalembedwera iye, kuphatikizapo Alto Rhapsody.

Komabe, Amalia sanathe kusunga mawu ake ndi kudzipereka kotheratu kwa banja lake ndi mwamuna wake. Ukwati utangotha, adabwereranso ku siteji ya konsati. “Moyo waukwati wa woimba violin wamkulu,” akulemba motero Geringer, “pang’ono ndi pang’ono unakhala wosasangalala, pamene mwamunayo anavutika ndi nsanje yoopsa, yosonkhezeredwa nthaŵi zonse ndi moyo umene Madame Joachim mwachibadwa anakakamizika kukhala woimba wa konsati.” Mkangano pakati pawo unakula makamaka mu 1879, pamene Joachim ankakayikira kuti mkazi wake anali ndi ubale wapamtima ndi wofalitsa Fritz Simrock. Brahms amalowererapo pa mkanganowu, akukhulupirira kuti Amalia ndi wosalakwa. Iye anyengerera Joachim kuti abwerere m’mbuyo ndipo mu December 1880 anatumiza kalata kwa Amalia, imene pambuyo pake inakhala chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mabwenzi: “Sindinalungamitse mwamuna wako,” analemba motero Brahms. "Ngakhale pamaso panu, ndinkadziwa khalidwe loipa la khalidwe lake, chifukwa Joachim amadzizunza yekha ndi ena" ... Kalata ya Brahms inafotokoza za chisudzulo pakati pa Joachim ndi mkazi wake ndipo inakhumudwitsa kwambiri woimbayo. Ubwenzi wake ndi Brahms unatha. Joachim anasudzulana mu 1882. Ngakhale m’nkhaniyi, pamene Joachim ali wolakwa kotheratu, akuwoneka ngati munthu wamakhalidwe apamwamba.

Joachim anali wamkulu wa sukulu ya violin yaku Germany mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la XNUMX. Miyambo ya sukuluyi imabwerera kuchokera ku David kupita ku Spohr, wolemekezeka kwambiri ndi Joachim, komanso kuchokera ku Spohr kupita ku Roda, Kreutzer ndi Viotti. Viotti wa makumi awiri ndi awiri concerto, ma concerto a Kreutzer ndi Rode, Spohr ndi Mendelssohn anapanga maziko a nyimbo yake yophunzitsa. Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, Paganini, Ernst (mu mlingo wochepa kwambiri).

Zolemba za Bach ndi Concerto ya Beethoven zidatenga malo apakati mu repertoire yake. Hans Bülow analemba m’buku lakuti Berliner Feuerspitze (1855) za zimene anachita pa msonkhano wa Beethoven Concerto kuti: “Madzulo ano adzakhala osaiŵalika ndiponso ndi okhawo amene angakumbukire amene anali ndi chisangalalo chojambulachi chimene chinadzaza miyoyo yawo ndi chisangalalo chachikulu. Si Joachim yemwe adasewera Beethoven dzulo, Beethoven mwiniwake adasewera! Uku sikulinso kuchita kwa namatetule wamkulu, ichi ndi vumbulutso lokha. Ngakhale wokayikira wamkulu ayenera kukhulupirira chozizwitsacho; palibe kusandulika koteroko komwe kunachitika. Palibe m'mbuyomu pomwe ntchito yaluso idawonedwa momveka bwino komanso mowunikira, sikunakhalepo kuti moyo wosafa sunasinthidwepo kukhala chowonadi chowala mowoneka bwino komanso mowoneka bwino. Uyenera kukhala utagwada pansi kumvetsera nyimbo zamtunduwu. ” Schumann adatcha Joachim wotanthauzira bwino kwambiri wanyimbo zodabwitsa za Bach. Joachim amadziwika kuti ndiye woyamba kutulutsa mwaluso kwambiri wa Bach's sonatas komanso ma volin ambiri, zipatso za ntchito yake yayikulu komanso yolingalira bwino.

Tikayang'ana ndemanga, kufewa, chifundo, chikondi chachikondi chinali mu masewera a Joachim. Inali ndi kamvekedwe kakang'ono koma kosangalatsa kwambiri. Mawonekedwe amkuntho, kufulumira kunali kwachilendo kwa iye. Tchaikovsky, poyerekeza ndi machitidwe a Joachim ndi Laub, analemba kuti Joachim ndi wamkulu kuposa Laub "potha kutulutsa nyimbo zachikondi", koma otsika kwa iye "mu mphamvu ya mawu, mu chilakolako ndi mphamvu zabwino." Ndemanga zambiri zimatsindika kudziletsa kwa Joachim, ndipo Cui amamunyoza ngakhale chifukwa cha kuzizira. Komabe, kwenikweni chinali kuuma kwachimuna, kuphweka ndi kukhwima kwa kalembedwe kamasewera. Pokumbukira zimene Joachim anachita ndi Laub ku Moscow mu 1872, wofufuza nyimbo wa ku Russia, O. Levenzon, analemba kuti: “Timakumbukira makamaka nyimbo ya Spohr; seweroli linali mpikisano weniweni pakati pa ngwazi ziwiri. Sewero lodekha la Joachim komanso kupsa mtima kwa Laub kudakhudza bwanji gululi! Monga tsopano tikukumbukira phokoso lokhala ngati belu la Joachim ndi cantilena yoyaka ya Laub.

"Wodziwika bwino wa "Roman," wotchedwa Joachim Koptyaev, akutijambulira chithunzi chake: "Nkhope yometedwa bwino, chibwano chachikulu, tsitsi lalitali lopindika kumbuyo, mayendedwe odziletsa, mawonekedwe otsikirapo - adapereka chithunzi chonse m'busa. Apa Joachim ali pa siteji, aliyense adagwira mpweya. Palibe choyambirira kapena chachiwanda, koma bata lachikale, lomwe silitsegula mabala auzimu, koma limawachiritsa. Mroma weniweni (osati wa nthawi ya kutsika) pa siteji, wotsogola wokhwima - ndiwo masomphenya a Joachim.

Ndikofunikira kunena mawu ochepa za Joachim wosewera mpira. Pamene Joachim anakhazikika ku Berlin, apa adapanga quartet yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi. Gululo linaphatikizapo, kuwonjezera pa Joachim G. de Ahn (kenako adalowedwa m'malo ndi K. Galirzh), E. Wirth ndi R. Gausman.

Ponena za Joachim wa quartetist, makamaka ponena za kumasulira kwake kwa manambala omalizira a Beethoven, AV Ossovsky analemba kuti: “M’zolengedwa zimenezi, zokopa m’kukongola kwake kopambana ndi kuzama kwake kosamvetsetseka, wopeka waluso ndi woimba wake anali abale mumzimu. Nzosadabwitsa kuti Bonn, komwe Beethoven anabadwira, anapereka Joachim mu 1906 udindo wa nzika yolemekezeka. Ndipo zomwe oimba ena amaphwanya - adagio ndi andante a Beethoven - ndi omwe adapatsa Joachim mpata kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zake zonse zaluso.

Monga wopeka nyimbo, Joachim sanapange chilichonse chachikulu, ngakhale kuti Schumann ndi Liszt ankayamikira kwambiri nyimbo zake zoyambirira, ndipo Brahms anapeza kuti bwenzi lake “ali ndi opeka ochuluka kuposa achichepere ena onse ataikidwa pamodzi.” Brahms anakonzanso maulendo awiri a Joachim pa piyano.

Analemba zidutswa zingapo za violin, orchestra ndi piyano (Andante ndi Allegro op. 1, "Romance" op. 2, etc.); maulendo angapo a okhestra: “Hamlet” (yosamalizidwa), ku seŵero la Schiller lakuti “Demetrius” ndi tsoka la Shakespeare lakuti “Henry IV”; Ma concerto 3 a violin ndi orchestra, omwe abwino kwambiri ndi Concerto on Hungarian Themes, omwe nthawi zambiri amachitidwa ndi Joachim ndi ophunzira ake. Zolemba za Joachim ndi ma cadences anali (ndipo asungidwa mpaka lero) - zolemba za Bach's sonatas ndi partitas za violin payekha, makonzedwe a violin ndi piyano ya Brahms' Hungarian Dances, cadenzas ku ma concerto a Mozart, Beethoven, Viotti. , Brahms, yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'makonsati amakono ndi machitidwe a kuphunzitsa.

Joachim adatenga nawo gawo popanga Brahms Concerto ndipo anali woyamba kuyimba.

Chithunzi chojambula cha Joachim sichingakhale chokwanira ngati ntchito yake yophunzitsa ipitirizidwa mwakachetechete. Maphunziro a Joachim anali ophunzira kwambiri ndipo anali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi luso la kuphunzitsa ophunzira. Wotsutsa maphunziro makina, iye analenga njira kuti m'njira zambiri anakonza njira ya m'tsogolo, monga izo zinachokera pa mfundo ya umodzi wa wophunzira luso ndi luso chitukuko. Sukuluyi, yomwe inalembedwa mogwirizana ndi Moser, ikutsimikizira kuti atangoyamba kumene kuphunzira, Joachim ankayesetsa kufufuza mbali zina za njira yomvera mawu, n’kunena kuti njira zoterezi zophunzitsira oimba nyimbo zoimbidwa m’makutu kuti azitha kuimba bwino kwambiri. ulaliki ukhale woyamba kukulitsidwa. Ayenera kuyimba, kuyimba ndi kuyimbanso. Tartini adanena kale kuti: "Kumveka bwino kumafuna kuyimba bwino." Woyimba violini woyambira sayenera kutulutsa mawu amodzi omwe sanapangenso ndi mawu ake ... "

Joachim ankakhulupirira kuti chitukuko cha woyimba zeze n'chosasiyanitsidwa ndi pulogalamu yotakata ya maphunziro ambiri zokongoletsa, kunja kwa kumene kusintha kwenikweni luso luso ndi zosatheka. Kufunika kuwulula zolinga za wolembayo, kufotokoza momveka bwino kalembedwe ndi zomwe zili mu ntchitoyo, luso la "kusintha kwaluso" - awa ndi maziko osagwedezeka a njira yophunzitsira ya Joachim. Zinali mphamvu zaluso, luso lokulitsa kuganiza mwaluso, kukoma, ndi kumvetsetsa kwa nyimbo mwa wophunzira kuti Joachim anali mphunzitsi wamkulu. Auer analemba kuti: “Iyeyu anandithandizadi kundiululira luso lapamwamba kwambiri moti mpaka nthawi imeneyo sindinkatha kuganiza mozama. Pansi pa iye, sindinagwire ntchito ndi manja anga okha, komanso ndi mutu wanga, ndikuphunzira zolemba zambiri za olemba ndikuyesera kulowa mukuya kwambiri kwa malingaliro awo. Tinkasewera nyimbo zambiri zapachipinda ndi anzathu ndipo tinkamvetserana tokha manambala, kukonza ndi kukonza zolakwika za wina ndi mnzake. Kuonjezela apo, tinali kucita nawo makonsati oimba nyimbo amene Joachim anakamba, zimene tinali kunyadila nazo. Nthawi zina Lamlungu, Joachim ankachita misonkhano ya quartet, ndipo ifenso ophunzira ake tinkaitanidwa.”

Ponena za ukadaulo wa masewerawa, adapatsidwa malo osafunikira pamaphunziro a Joachim. “Joachim sanali kuloŵa mwatsatanetsatane zaumisiri,” timaŵerengapo kuchokera kwa Auer, “sanafotokozere ophunzira ake mmene angapezere luso laumisiri mosavuta, mmene angapezere izi kapena sitiroko ija, mmene amaseweretsa ndime zina, kapena kutsogoza kuchita bwino mwa kugwiritsira ntchito zala zina. Pa phunzirolo, iye anagwira violin ndi uta, ndipo mwamsanga pamene kusewera kwa ndime kapena mawu oimba ndi wophunzira sanamukhutiritse, iye ankasewera yekha malo okayikitsa. Kaŵirikaŵiri sanadzifotokoze momvekera bwino, ndipo mawu okhawo amene analankhula ataseŵera malo a wophunzira wolephera anali akuti: “Uyenera kuseŵera chotero!”, limodzi ndi kumwetulira kolimbikitsa. Chotero, ife amene tinatha kumvetsetsa Joachim, kutsatira malangizo ake osadziwika bwino, tinapindula kwambiri mwa kuyesa kumutsanzira mmene tingathere; ena, osasangalala, adayimilira, osamvetsetsa chilichonse ... "

Timapeza chitsimikizo cha mawu a Auer m'malo ena. N. Nalbandian, atalowa m’kalasi la Joachim pambuyo pa Conservatory ya St. Kuwongolera kwa mphindi, malinga ndi iye, sikunakondweretse Joachim konse. Mwachibadwa, ku Berlin, Joachim anapereka maphunziro a luso la ophunzira kwa wothandizira wake E. Wirth. Malinga ndi kunena kwa I. Ryvkind, amene anaphunzira ndi Joachim m’zaka zomalizira za moyo wake, Wirth anagwira ntchito mosamala kwambiri, ndipo zimenezi zinapangitsa kwambiri zofooka za dongosolo la Joachim.

Ophunzirawo ankalambira Joachim. Auer anamva chikondi chokhudza mtima ndi kudzipereka kwa iye; iye anapereka mizere yofunda kwa iye m’zolemba zake, anatumiza ophunzira ake kuti apite patsogolo panthaŵi imene iye mwiniyo anali kale mphunzitsi wotchuka padziko lonse.

Pablo Casals anati: “Ndinaimba konsati ya Schumann ku Berlin ndi gulu la oimba la Philharmonic Orchestra lotsogozedwa ndi Arthur Nikisch. “Konsatiyo itatha, amuna aŵiri anadza kwa ine mwapang’onopang’ono, ndipo mmodzi wa iwo, monga ndinazindikira kale, sanaone kalikonse. Pamene anali patsogolo panga, amene anali kutsogolela wakhunguyo pa mkono anati: “Inu simukumudziŵa? Uyu ndi Pulofesa Wirth" (woimba nyimbo za Joachim Quartet).

Muyenera kudziwa kuti imfa ya Joachim wamkulu idayambitsa kusiyana pakati pa abwenzi ake mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku awo sakanatha kuthana ndi imfa ya maestro awo.

Pulofesa Wirth mwakachetechete anayamba kundigwira zala, mikono, chifuwa. Kenako anandikumbatira, kundipsompsona ndi kunena mofatsa m’khutu langa kuti: “Yoakimu sanafe!”.

Kotero kwa anzake a Joachim, ophunzira ake ndi otsatira ake, iye anali ndipo akadali wapamwamba kwambiri pa luso la violin.

L. Raaben