Eugène YsaÿE |

Eugene Ysaè

Zojambulajambula ndi zotsatira za kuphatikiza koyenera kwa malingaliro ndi malingaliro. E. Izi

E. Isai anali woimba womaliza wa virtuoso, limodzi ndi F. Kleisler, omwe adapitiliza ndikukulitsa miyambo yazaluso zachikondi za oimba zida zapamwamba zazaka za zana la XNUMX. Kukula kwakukulu kwa malingaliro ndi malingaliro, kuchuluka kwa zongopeka, ufulu wofotokozera, ukoma unapangitsa Izaya kukhala m'modzi mwa omasulira odziwika bwino, adatsimikiza chikhalidwe choyambirira cha ntchito yake yopanga ndi kupanga. Kutanthauzira kwake kouziridwa kunathandiza kwambiri kutchuka kwa ntchito ya S. Frank, C. Saint-Saens, G. Fauré, E. Chausson.

Izai anabadwira m'banja la woyimba violini, yemwe anayamba kuphunzitsa mwana wake ali ndi zaka 4. Mnyamata wazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri adasewera kale m'gulu la zisudzo ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo adaphunzira ku Liège Conservatory ndi R. Massard, ndiye ku Brussels Conservatory ndi G. Wieniawski ndi A. Vietan. Njira ya Izaya yopita ku siteji ya konsati inali yovuta. Mpaka 1882. Iye anapitiriza kugwira ntchito mu oimba - iye anali concertmaster wa Bilse Orchestra Berlin, amene zisudzo ankachitikira mu cafe. Pokhapokha pakuumirira kwa A. Rubinstein, yemwe Izai anamutcha "mphunzitsi wake weniweni wa kutanthauzira", adasiya gulu la oimba ndikupita nawo limodzi ku Scandinavia ndi Rubinstein, omwe adatsimikiza ntchito yake monga mmodzi mwa oimba nyimbo zabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. .

Ku Paris, zojambulajambula za Yesaya zimasilira padziko lonse lapansi, monganso nyimbo zake zoyambirira, zomwe ndi "ndakatulo ya Elegiac". Franck amapereka Violin Sonata wake wotchuka kwa iye, Saint-Saens the Quartet, Fauré the Piano Quintet, Debussy the Quartet ndi violin version ya Nocturnes. Mothandizidwa ndi "Elegiac Poem" ya Izaya, Chausson amapanga "ndakatulo". Mu 1886 Ysaye anakhazikika ku Brussels. Apa amalenga quartet, amene wakhala mmodzi wa zabwino mu Europe, amakonza zoimbaimba symphony (otchedwa "Izaya Concerts"), kumene ochita bwino kuchita, ndi kuphunzitsa pa Conservatory.

Kwa zaka zoposa 40 Izaya anapitiriza ntchito yake konsati. Ndi kupambana kwakukulu, amachita osati monga woyimba violini, komanso ngati wochititsa chidwi kwambiri, makamaka wotchuka chifukwa cha ntchito zake za L. Beethoven ndi oimba a ku France. Ku Covent Garden adatsogolera Beethoven's Fidelio, kuyambira 1918-22. amakhala wotsogolera wamkulu wa oimba ku Cincinnati (USA).

Chifukwa cha matenda a shuga ndi manja, Izaya amachepetsa machitidwe ake. Nthawi yomaliza yomwe amasewera ku Madrid mu 1927 ndi Beethoven concerto yoyendetsedwa ndi P. Casals, amatsogolera Heroic Symphony ndi Concerto katatu yochitidwa ndi A. Cortot, J. Thibaut ndi Casals. Mu 1930, Izaya anachita komaliza. Pa prosthesis pambuyo podulidwa mwendo, amatsogolera gulu la oimba la 500 ku Brussels pa zikondwerero zokumbukira zaka 100 za ufulu wadziko. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chotsatira, Izaya yemwe anali kudwala kale akumvetsera nyimbo ya opera yake Pierre Miner, yomwe inamalizidwa posachedwa. Posakhalitsa anamwalira.

Izaya ili ndi zida zopitilira 30, zomwe zidalembedwa makamaka za violin. Pakati pawo, ndakatulo 8 ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi machitidwe ake. Izi ndi zolembedwa za gawo limodzi, zamtundu wotukuka, pafupi ndi momwe amafotokozera. Pamodzi ndi "Elegiac Poem" yodziwika bwino, "Scene at the Spinning Wheel", "Winter Song", "Ecstasy", yomwe ili ndi chikhalidwe chadongosolo, imakhalanso yotchuka.

Nyimbo zabwino kwambiri za Izaya ndi Six Sonatas za violin payekha, komanso zamtundu wa pulogalamu. Izaya alinso ndi zidutswa zambiri, kuphatikizapo mazurkas ndi polonaises, zomwe zinapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi mphunzitsi wake G. Wieniawski, Solo Cello Sonata, cadenzas, zolemba zambiri, komanso nyimbo za orchestra "Evening Harmonies" yokhala ndi quartet yokha.

Izai adalowa m'mbiri ya luso loimba ngati wojambula yemwe moyo wake wonse unaperekedwa ku ntchito yake yokondedwa. Monga momwe Casals analembera, “dzina la Eugène Yesaya nthaŵi zonse lidzatanthauza kwa ife lingaliro loyera, lokongola koposa la mmisiri.”

V. Grigoriev

Eugene Ysaye amagwira ntchito ngati ulalo pakati pa luso la violin la Franco-Belgium chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX. Koma zaka za zana la XNUMX zidamulera; Izai adangopereka zidziwitso zazikulu zachikondi zazaka zam'ma XNUMX ku m'badwo woda nkhawa komanso wokayika wa ovina m'zaka za zana la XNUMX.

Isai ndi kunyada kwa dziko la anthu aku Belgian; Mpaka pano, mpikisano wa violin wapadziko lonse womwe unachitikira ku Brussels umatchedwa dzina lake. Anali wojambula wadziko lonse yemwe adalandira kuchokera ku sukulu za ku Belgium komanso zokhudzana ndi violin ya ku France makhalidwe awo enieni - luntha pakukhazikitsa malingaliro achikondi kwambiri, kumveka bwino ndi kusiyanitsa, kukongola ndi chisomo cha kuyimba ndi kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwamkati komwe kwakhala kusiyanitsa kusewera kwake. . Anali pafupi ndi mafunde akuluakulu a chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za Gallic: uzimu wapamwamba wa Cesar Franck; kumveka bwino kwanyimbo, kukongola, luso lanzeru komanso zithunzi zokongola za nyimbo za Saint-Saens; kukonzanso kosakhazikika kwa zithunzi za Debussy. Mu ntchito yake, adachoka ku classicism, yomwe ili ndi zofanana ndi nyimbo za Saint-Saens, kupita ku sonatas zachikondi za violin ya solo, zomwe sizinasindikizidwe ndi zojambulajambula, komanso nthawi ya post-impressionist.

Ysaye adabadwa pa Julayi 6, 1858 m'dera la migodi ku Liège. Bambo ake a Nikola anali woimba nyimbo za orchestra, wotsogolera nyimbo za salon ndi zisudzo; mu unyamata wake, iye anaphunzira pa Conservatory kwa nthawi ndithu, koma mavuto azachuma sanamulole kuti amalize. Ndi iye amene anakhala mphunzitsi woyamba wa mwana wake. Eugene anayamba kuphunzira kuimba violin ali ndi zaka 4, ndipo ali ndi zaka 7 analowa nawo gulu la oimba. Banjali linali lalikulu (ana 5) ndipo linkafunika ndalama zina.

Eugene anakumbukira zimene atate wake anaphunzira moyamikira: “Ngati m’tsogolo Rodolphe Massard, Wieniawski ndi Vietanne anandidziŵikitsa za kumasulira ndi kachitidwe kaluso, ndiye kuti bambo anga anandiphunzitsa luso la kupanga vayolini kulankhula.”

Mu 1865, mnyamatayo anatumizidwa ku Liege Conservatory, m’kalasi la Desire Heinberg. Kuphunzitsa kunayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi ntchito, zomwe zinasokoneza kwambiri chipambano. Mu 1868 amayi ake anamwalira; Izi zinapangitsa kuti moyo wa banjali ukhale wovuta kwambiri. Chaka chimodzi pambuyo pa imfa yake, Eugene anakakamizika kuchoka ku Conservatory.

Mpaka zaka 14, adakula yekha - adasewera kwambiri violin, akuphunzira ntchito za Bach, Beethoven ndi nyimbo za violin wamba; Ndinawerenga zambiri - ndipo zonsezi m'mipata yapakati pa maulendo opita ku Belgium, France, Switzerland ndi Germany ndi oimba oimba ndi abambo anga.

Mwamwayi, ali ndi zaka 14, Vietang anamumva ndipo anaumirira kuti mnyamatayo abwerere kumalo osungiramo zinthu zakale. Nthawi ino Izai ali m'kalasi ya Massara ndipo akupita patsogolo mofulumira; posakhalitsa anapambana mphoto yoyamba pa mpikisano wa Conservatory ndi mendulo ya golide. Pambuyo pa zaka 2, amachoka ku Liege ndikupita ku Brussels. Likulu la Belgium linali lodziwika bwino chifukwa cha malo ake osungiramo zinthu zakale padziko lonse lapansi, kupikisana ndi Paris, Prague, Berlin, Leipzig ndi St. Izai wamng'ono atafika ku Brussels, gulu la violin ku Conservatory linkatsogoleredwa ndi Venyavsky. Eugene adaphunzira naye zaka 2, ndipo adamaliza maphunziro ake ku Vieuxtan. Vietang anapitiriza zomwe Venyavsky anayamba. Iye anali ndi chikoka kwambiri pa chitukuko cha maganizo zokongoletsa ndi luso kukoma wa violini wamng'ono. Patsiku la zaka XNUMX za kubadwa kwa Vietanne, Eugene Ysaye, m’nkhani imene iye anakamba ku Verviers, anati: “Anandionetsa njira, anatsegula maso ndi mtima wanga.

Njira ya woyimba zezeyo kuti adziwike inali yovuta. Kuchokera mu 1879 mpaka 1881, Isai ankagwira ntchito m’gulu la oimba la Berlin la W. Bilse, amene makonsati ake ankachitikira mu cafe ya Flora. Nthaŵi zina anali ndi mwayi woimba nyimbo payekha. Atolankhani nthawi iliyonse amawona zabwino zamasewera ake - kufotokoza, kudzoza, njira yabwino. Mu Bilse Orchestra, Ysaye ankaimbanso ngati soloist; izi zidakopa ngakhale oimba akulu kwambiri ku Flora cafe. Pano, kuti amvetsere sewero la woyimba violini wodabwitsa, Joachim anabweretsa ophunzira ake; cafe anachezeredwa ndi Franz Liszt, Clara Schumann, Anton Rubinstein; ndiye amene anaumirira kuchoka kwa Izaya kuchokera ku gulu la oimba ndikupita naye paulendo waluso ku Scandinavia.

Ulendo wopita ku Scandinavia unali wopambana. Izai nthawi zambiri ankasewera ndi Rubinstein, kupereka madzulo a sonata. Ali ku Bergen, anatha kudziwana ndi Grieg, onse atatu omwe nyimbo zawo za violin anachita ndi Rubinstein. Rubinstein anakhala osati bwenzi, komanso bwenzi ndi mlangizi wa wojambula wamng'ono. “Musagonje ku zisonyezero zakunja za chipambano,” iye anaphunzitsa motero, “nthaŵi zonse khalani ndi cholinga chimodzi patsogolo panu—kutanthauzira nyimbo mogwirizana ndi kumvetsa kwanu, mkhalidwe wanu, ndipo, makamaka mtima wanu, osati monga momwe zimakhalira. Udindo weniweni wa woimbayo si kulandira, koma kupereka ... "

Pambuyo pa ulendo wa ku Scandinavia, Rubinstein akuthandiza Izaya pomaliza mgwirizano wa makonsati ku Russia. Ulendo wake woyamba unachitika m’chilimwe cha 1882; Ma concerts anachitikira mu holo yotchuka ya St. Petersburg - Pavlovsk Kursaal. Isai adachita bwino. Atolankhani anamuyerekezera ndi Venyavsky, ndipo pamene Yzai ankaimba Concerto ya Mendelssohn pa August 27, omvera achidwi anamuveka korona wa nkhata wa laurel.

Izi zidayambanso ubale wanthawi yayitali wa Izaya ndi Russia. Akuwonekera pano mu nyengo yotsatira - mu January 1883, komanso kuwonjezera pa maulendo a Moscow ndi St. Petersburg ku Kyiv, Kharkov, Odessa, m'nyengo yozizira. Mu Odessa, iye anapereka zoimbaimba pamodzi ndi A. Rubinstein.

Nkhani yaitali inatuluka mu Odessa Herald, mmene munalembedwa kuti: “Bambo. Yesaya akukopa ndi kukopa ndi kuwona mtima, makanema ojambula ndi tanthauzo lamasewera ake. Pansi pa dzanja lake, violin imasandulika kukhala chida chamoyo, chamoyo: imayimba momveka bwino, ikulira ndi kubuula mogwira mtima, ndikunong'oneza mwachikondi, kuusa mozama, kukondwera mokweza, m'mawu kumapereka mithunzi yonse yaing'ono ndi kusefukira kwa kumverera. Ichi ndiye mphamvu ndi chithumwa champhamvu cha sewero la Yesaya…”

Patapita zaka 2 (1885) Izai anabwerera ku Russia. Akupanga ulendo waukulu watsopano wa mizinda yake. Mu 1883-1885, adadziwana ndi oimba ambiri a ku Russia: ku Moscow ndi Bezekirsky, ku St.

Zomwe anachita ku Paris, mu imodzi mwamakonsati a Edouard Colonne mu 1885, zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa Ysaye. Mzerewu unalimbikitsidwa ndi woyimba zeze wachichepere K. Saint-Saens. Ysaye adayimba Chisipanishi Symphony yolembedwa ndi E. Lalo komanso Rondo Capriccioso waku Saint-Saens.

Pambuyo konsati, zitseko kwa zigawo apamwamba nyimbo Paris anatsegula pamaso pa woyimba zeze wamng'ono. Iye amalumikizana kwambiri ndi Saint-Saens ndi Cesar Franck yemwe amadziwika pang'ono, yemwe adayamba nthawi imeneyo; amatenga nawo mbali m'masiku awo oimba nyimbo, ndipo mofunitsitsa amatengera zatsopano za iyemwini. Wokwiya waku Belgian amakopa olemba ndi talente yake yodabwitsa, komanso kukonzeka komwe amadzipereka kuti alimbikitse ntchito zawo. Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 80, ndi iye amene adatsegula njira ya nyimbo zaposachedwa kwambiri za violin ndi chipinda cha zida za oimba achi French ndi Belgian. Kwa iye, mu 1886 Cesar Franck analemba Violin Sonata - imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu kwambiri za nyimbo za violin. Franck anatumiza Sonata ku Arlon mu September 1886, pa tsiku la ukwati wa Yesaya ndi Louise Bourdeau.

Inali ngati mphatso yaukwati. Pa Disembala 16, 1886, Ysaye adayimba sonata yatsopano kwa nthawi yoyamba madzulo ku Brussels "Artist's Circle", pulogalamu yomwe inali ndi ntchito za Franck. Kenako Isai adayisewera m'maiko onse padziko lapansi. Vensant d'Andy analemba kuti: “Senata imene Eugene Ysaye ankanyamula padziko lonse inali yosangalatsa kwambiri kwa Frank. Kuchita kwa Izaya sikunalemekeze ntchito iyi yokha, komanso Mlengi wake, chifukwa dzina la Frank linkadziwika kwa anthu ochepa.

Ysaye adachita zambiri kwa Chausson. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90, woyimba zeze wodabwitsa adayimba piyano atatu ndi Concerto ya Violin, Piano ndi Bow Quartet (kwanthawi yoyamba ku Brussels pa Marichi 4, 1892). Makamaka Yesaya Chausson analemba "ndakatulo" yotchuka, yochitidwa ndi woyimba zeze kwa nthawi yoyamba pa December 27, 1896 ku Nancy.

Ubwenzi waukulu, womwe unatha zaka 80-90, unagwirizanitsa Isai ndi Debussy. Isai anali wokonda kwambiri nyimbo za Debussy, koma, makamaka, amagwira ntchito momwe munali kulumikizana ndi Franck. Izi zinakhudza kwambiri maganizo ake pa quartet, yopangidwa ndi woimba akuwerengera Izaya. Debussy adapereka ntchito yake ku gulu la Belgian quartet lotsogozedwa ndi Ysaye. Ntchito yoyamba inachitika pa December 29, 1893 pa konsati ya National Society ku Paris, ndipo mu March 1894 quartet inabwerezedwa ku Brussels. "Izay, wokonda kwambiri Debussy, adayesetsa kwambiri kuti atsimikizire ena amtundu wake za talente ndi phindu la nyimboyi.

Pakuti Yesaya Debussy adalemba "Nocturnes" ndipo pambuyo pake adawapanganso kukhala ntchito ya symphonic. "Ndikugwira ntchito pa Nocturnes atatu a violin ndi orchestra," adalembera Ysaye pa September 22, 1894; - gulu loimba loyamba likuimiridwa ndi zingwe, lachiwiri - ndi zitoliro, nyanga zinayi, zitoliro zitatu, ndi azeze awiri; okhestra yachitatu imaphatikiza zonse ziwiri. Mwambiri, uku ndikufufuza zophatikizira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingapereke mtundu womwewo, monga, mwachitsanzo, pojambula zojambula mumitundu yotuwa ... "

Ysaye adayamikira kwambiri a Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande ndipo mu 1896 adayesa (ngakhale sanachite bwino) kuti operayo ichitike ku Brussels. Isai adapereka ma quartets awo kwa d'Andy, Saint-Saens, piano quintet kwa G. Fauré, simungathe kuwawerenga onse!

Kuyambira 1886, Izai anakhazikika ku Brussels, kumene posakhalitsa adalowa mu "Club of Twenty" (kuyambira 1893, gulu la "Free Aesthetics") - bungwe la akatswiri ojambula ndi oimba. Gululi linali lolamulidwa ndi zikoka za owonetsa chidwi, mamembala ake adakokera kuzinthu zatsopano kwambiri panthawiyo. Isai adatsogolera gawo loimba la kalabu, ndipo adakonza zoimbaimba m'munsi mwake, momwe, kuwonjezera pa zapamwamba, adalimbikitsa ntchito zaposachedwa za oimba aku Belgian ndi akunja. Misonkhano ya m'chipindacho idakongoletsedwa ndi quartet yokongola kwambiri yotsogozedwa ndi Izaya. Inaphatikizaponso Mathieu Krikbum, Leon van Gut ndi Joseph Jacob. Ensembles Debussy, d'Andy, Fauré adapanga nyimboyi.

Mu 1895, nyimbo za symphonic Izaya Concertos zinawonjezeredwa kumagulu a chipinda, omwe anakhalapo mpaka 1914. Oimba oimbawo ankayendetsedwa ndi Ysaye, Saint-Saens, Mottl, Weingartner, Mengelberg ndi ena, pakati pa oimba nyimbo monga Kreisler, Casals, Thibault, Capet, Punyo, Galirzh.

Zochita za Izaya ku Brussels zidaphatikizidwa ndi kuphunzitsa. Anakhala pulofesa ku Conservatory, kuyambira 1886 mpaka 1898 adatsogolera makalasi ake a violin. Pakati pa ophunzira ake panali oimba otchuka pambuyo pake: V. Primroz, M. Krikbum, L. Persinger ndi ena; Isai nayenso anali ndi chikoka chachikulu kwa oimba violin ambiri omwe sanaphunzire m'kalasi mwake, mwachitsanzo, pa J. Thibaut, F. Kreisler, K. Flesch. Y. Szigeti, D. Enescu.

Wojambulayo anakakamizika kuchoka ku Conservatory chifukwa cha zochitika zake zambiri za konsati, zomwe adakopeka kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe kusiyana ndi kuphunzitsa. M'zaka za m'ma 90, adachita zoimbaimba mwamphamvu kwambiri, ngakhale kuti adadwala matenda a manja. Dzanja lake lamanzere limasokoneza kwambiri. “Matsoka ena onse sali kanthu poyerekezera ndi zimene dzanja lodwala lingayambitse,” iye analembera mkazi wake modera nkhaŵa mu 1899. Pakali pano, iye sangakhoze kulingalira za moyo kunja kwa makonsati, kunja kwa nyimbo: “Ndimasangalala koposa pamene ndikuseŵera. Ndiye ndimakonda chilichonse padziko lapansi. Ndiwopatsa chidwi komanso moyo. ”…

Monga ngati anagwidwa ndi malungo kuchita, iye anayenda kuzungulira mayiko akuluakulu a ku Ulaya, mu kugwa kwa 1894 anapereka zoimbaimba mu America kwa nthawi yoyamba. Kutchuka kwake kumakhaladi padziko lonse lapansi.

M'zaka izi, iye kachiwiri, kawiri kawiri, anabwera ku Russia - mu 1890, 1895. Pa March 4, 1890, kwa nthawi yoyamba kwa iye yekha, Izai anachita poyera Concerto ya Beethoven ku Riga. Izi zisanachitike, iye sanayese kuphatikizira ntchito imeneyi mu repertoire yake. Pamaulendo awa, woyimba violini adadziwitsa anthu aku Russia kuchipinda cha d'Andy ndi Fauré, komanso Sonata ya Franck.

M'zaka za m'ma 80 ndi 90, nyimbo za Izaya zinasintha kwambiri. Poyamba, ankagwira ntchito makamaka Wieniawski, Vietaine, Saint-Saens, Mendelssohn, Bruch. M'zaka za m'ma 90, adatembenukira ku nyimbo za ambuye akale - sonatas za Bach, Vitali, Veracini ndi Handel, ma concerto a Vivaldi, Bach. Ndipo potsiriza ndinafika ku Beethoven Concerto.

Mbiri yake imalemeretsedwa ndi ntchito za oimba aposachedwa a ku France. M'mapulogalamu ake a konsati, Izai mofunitsitsa anaphatikizapo ntchito za oimba a ku Russia - masewero a Cui, Tchaikovsky ("Melancholic Serenade"), Taneyev. Kenako, mu 900s, iye ankaimba concerto ndi Tchaikovsky ndi Glazunov, komanso chipinda ensembles Tchaikovsky ndi Borodin.

Mu 1902, Isai adagula nyumba yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa Meuse ndikuipatsa dzina landakatulo "La Chanterelle" (chachisanu ndi chingwe chapamwamba kwambiri chomveka komanso chomveka pa violin). Kuno, m'miyezi yachilimwe, amatenga nthawi yopuma kuchokera kumakonsati, atazunguliridwa ndi abwenzi ndi okondedwa, oimba otchuka omwe amabwera kuno kudzakhala ndi Izaya ndikulowa mu chikhalidwe cha nyimbo cha kunyumba kwake. F. Kreisler, J. Thibaut, D. Enescu, P. Casals, R. Pugno, F. Busoni, A. Cortot anali alendo kawirikawiri m'ma 900s. Madzulo, ma quartets ndi sonatas ankasewera. Koma mpumulo woterewu Izai adadzilola yekha m'chilimwe. Mpaka Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, kukula kwa makonsati ake sikunafooke. Ku England kokha adakhala nyengo 4 zotsatizana (1901-1904), adachititsa Fidelio wa Beethoven ku London ndikuchita nawo zikondwerero zoperekedwa kwa Saint-Saens. The London Philharmonic adampatsa mendulo yagolide. M'zaka izi anapita ku Russia ka 7 (1900, 1901, 1903, 1906, 1907, 1910, 1912).

Anasunga ubale wapamtima, wosindikizidwa ndi maubwenzi abwino kwambiri, ndi A. Siloti, omwe adachita nawo makonsati ake. Siloti adakopa amisiri aluso kwambiri. Izai, yemwe adadziwonetsera yekha m'malo osiyanasiyana a konsati, anali chabe chuma kwa iye. Pamodzi amapereka madzulo a sonata; m'makonsati Ziloti Ysaye amachita ndi Casals, ndi wotchuka St. Petersburg violini V. Kamensky (mu Bach wa awiri concerto), amene anatsogolera Mecklenburg-Strelitzky quartet. Mwa njira, mu 1906, pamene Kamensky anadwala mwadzidzidzi, Izai m'malo mwake ndi impromptu ch mu quartet pa imodzi mwa zoimbaimba. Unali madzulo abwino kwambiri, amene atolankhani a ku St.

Ndi Rachmaninov ndi Brandukov, Izai kamodzi anachita (mu 1903) Tchaikovsky atatu. Pa oimba akuluakulu aku Russia, woyimba piyano A. Goldenweiser (sonata madzulo pa Januwale 19, 1910) ndi woyimba violini B. Sibor adachita zoimbaimba ndi Yzai.

Pofika m’chaka cha 1910, thanzi la Izaya linali kufooka. Kwambiri konsati ntchito anayambitsa matenda a mtima, mantha ntchito mopambanitsa, matenda a shuga anayamba, ndi matenda a dzanja lamanzere kuipiraipira. Madokotala amalangiza mwamphamvu kuti wojambula ayimitse zoimbaimba. “Koma mankhwala awa amatanthauza imfa,” Izai analembera mkazi wake pa January 7, 1911. – Ayi! Sindidzasintha moyo wanga ngati wojambula bola nditatsala ndi atomu imodzi ya mphamvu; mpaka nditamva kutsika kwa chifuniro chomwe chimandichirikiza, mpaka zala zanga, kuweramira, mutu kundikana.

Monga ngati tsoka lovuta, mu 1911 Ysaye amapereka ma concert angapo ku Vienna, mu 1912 amayenda kuzungulira Germany, Russia, Austria, France. Ku Berlin pa January 8, 1912, konsati yake inapezeka ndi F. Kreisler, amene anachedwetsedwa mwapadera ku Berlin, K. Flesh, A. Marto, V. Burmester, M. Press, A. Pechnikov, M. Elman. Izai anachita Elgar Concerto, yomwe panthawiyo inali yosadziwika kwa aliyense. Konsatiyi idayenda bwino kwambiri. "Ndinasewera" wokondwa, ine, ndikusewera, ndimalola malingaliro anga atuluke ngati gwero lambiri, loyera komanso lowonekera ..."

Pambuyo pa ulendo wa 1912 wa mayiko a ku Ulaya, Izai amapita ku America ndipo amakhala kumeneko nyengo ziwiri; anabwerera ku Ulaya chakumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse.

Atamaliza ulendo wake wa ku America, Izaya amasangalala ndi mpumulo. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse isanayambe, Isai, Enescu, Kreisler, Thibaut ndi Casals anapanga bwalo lotsekedwa loimba.

"Tinkapita ku Thibault," Casals akukumbukira.

- Kodi muli nokha?

“Panali zifukwa zochitira zimenezo. Tawonapo anthu okwanira pamaulendo athu… ndipo timafuna kupanga nyimbo kuti tisangalale. Pamisonkhano imeneyi, tikamaimba ma quartet, Izai ankakonda kuimba viola. Ndipo monga woyimba violin, adanyezimira ndi kunyezimira kosayerekezeka.

Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse idapeza Ysaye akupita kutchuthi ku "La Chanterelle". Izaya anagwedezeka ndi tsoka lomwe linali pafupi. Iyenso anali wa dziko lonse lapansi, anali wolumikizidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yake ndi luso lake ndi zikhalidwe za mayiko osiyanasiyana. Komabe, pamapeto pake, mtima wokonda dziko lako unakulanso mwa iye. Amatenga nawo mbali mu konsati, chopereka chomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza othawa kwawo. Nkhondo itayandikira ku Belgium, Ysaye, atafika ku Dunkirk ndi banja lake, adawoloka ngalawa yopha nsomba kupita ku England ndipo apa akuyesera kuthandiza othawa kwawo ku Belgium ndi luso lake. Mu 1916, iye anapereka zoimbaimba pa kutsogolo Belgium, kusewera osati ku likulu, komanso zipatala, ndi kutsogolo.

Ku London, Ysaye amakhala yekhayekha, makamaka akusintha ma cadence a ma concerto a Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms, Mozart's Symphony Concerto ya violin ndi viola, ndikulemba zidutswa za violin ndi akatswiri akale.

Pazaka izi, iye amalumikizana kwambiri ndi wolemba ndakatulo Emil Verharn. Zinkawoneka kuti makhalidwe awo anali osiyana kwambiri ndi mabwenzi apamtima oterowo. Komabe, m’nthawi ya masoka aakulu a anthu padziko lonse, anthu, ngakhale osiyana kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala ogwirizana chifukwa cha mmene amaonera zinthu zimene zikuchitika.

M’kati mwa nkhondo, moyo wamakonsati ku Ulaya unatsala pang’ono kuyima. Izai kamodzi kokha anapita ku Madrid ndi zoimbaimba. Choncho, akuvomera mofunitsitsa kuti apite ku America ndipo amapita kumeneko kumapeto kwa 1916. Komabe, Izaya ali ndi zaka 60 ndipo sangakwanitse kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mu 1917, anakhala wochititsa wamkulu wa Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. Mu positi iyi, adapeza kutha kwa nkhondo. Pansi pa mgwirizano, Izai adagwira ntchito ndi gulu la oimba mpaka 1922. Nthawi ina, mu 1919, adabwera ku Belgium m'chilimwe, koma adatha kubwerera kumeneko kumapeto kwa mgwirizano.

Mu 1919, ma Ysaye Concerts adayambiranso ntchito zawo ku Brussels. Atabweranso, wojambulayo anayesa, monga kale, kuti akhalenso mutu wa bungwe la konsati ili, koma thanzi lake lofooka ndi ukalamba sizinamulole kuti agwire ntchito za wotsogolera kwa nthawi yaitali. M'zaka zaposachedwa, adadzipereka kwambiri pakulemba nyimbo. Mu 1924 iye analemba 6 sonatas kwa solo violin, amene panopa m'gulu la dziko nyimbo violin.

Chaka cha 1924 chinali chovuta kwambiri kwa Izaya - mkazi wake anamwalira. Komabe, sanakhale wamasiye kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo anakwatiranso wophunzira wake Jeanette Denken. Iye anakongoletsa zaka zomalizira za moyo wa nkhalambayo, namsamalira mokhulupirika pamene matenda ake anakulirakulira. Mu theka loyamba la zaka za m'ma 20, Izai adaperekabe zoimbaimba, koma anakakamizika kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zisudzo chaka chilichonse.

Mu 1927, Casals anaitana Yesaya kuti atenge nawo mbali m'makonsati a symphony orchestra yomwe iye anakonza ku Barcelona, ​​​​pa madzulo a gala polemekeza zaka 100 za imfa ya Beethoven. “Poyamba iye anakana (sitiyenera kuiŵala,” akukumbukira motero Casals, “kuti woyimba vayolini wamkulu anali asanaimbepo monga woyimba payekha kwa nthaŵi yaitali kwambiri). Ndinaumirira. "Koma ndizotheka?" – iye anafunsa. “Inde,” ndinayankha, “ndi zotheka.” Izaya adagwira manja anga m'manja mwake ndikuwonjezera kuti: "Zikadachitika chozizwitsa ichi!".

Panatsala miyezi 5 kuti konsati ichitike. Patapita nthaŵi, mwana wa Izaya anandilembera kuti: “Mukanatha kuwawona atate wanga wokondedwa ali kuntchito, tsiku lililonse, kwa maola ambiri, akuseŵera masikelo pang’onopang’ono! Sitingathe kumuyang’ana popanda kulira.”

… “Izaya anali ndi nthawi yodabwitsa ndipo machitidwe ake anali opambana kwambiri. Atamaliza kusewera adandifunafuna kuseri kwa siteji. Iye anadzigwetsa m’maondo ake, n’kugwira manja anga, nati: “Wauka! Waukitsidwa!” Inali nthawi yosuntha mosaneneka. Tsiku lotsatira ndinapita kukamuona ku station. Anatsamira pa zenera la galimotoyo, ndipo pamene sitima inali kuyenda, anagwirabe dzanja langa, ngati kuti akuwopa kuisiya.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20, thanzi la Izaya linafika poipa; shuga, matenda a mtima awonjezeka kwambiri. Mu 1929, mwendo wake unadulidwa. Atagona pabedi, adalemba ntchito yake yaikulu yomaliza - opera "Pierre Miner" m'chinenero cha Walloon, ndiko kuti, m'chinenero cha anthu omwe anali mwana wawo. Operayo inamalizidwa mofulumira kwambiri.

Monga woyimba payekha, Izai sanachitenso. Anawonekeranso pa siteji kamodzinso, koma kale ngati wotsogolera. Pa Novembara 13, 1930, adachita ku Brussels pazikondwerero zokumbukira zaka 100 za ufulu wa Belgian. Oimba oimba anali anthu 500, soloist anali Pablo Casals, amene anachita Lalo Concerto ndi ndakatulo Yachinayi ya Ysaye.

Mu 1931, anakumana ndi tsoka latsopano - imfa ya mlongo wake ndi mwana wake wamkazi. Anathandizidwa kokha ndi lingaliro la kupanga kwa opera komwe kukubwera. Kuyamba kwake, komwe kunachitika pa Marichi 4 ku Royal Theatre ku Liege, adamvera pawailesi pachipatala. Pa April 25, opera inachitikira ku Brussels; woipeka wodwala anatengedwa kupita ku bwalo la zisudzo pa machira. Iye anasangalala ndi kupambana kwa opera monga mwana. Koma chimenecho chinali chisangalalo chake chomaliza. Anamwalira pa May 12, 1931.

Ntchito ya Izaya ndi imodzi mwamasamba owala kwambiri m'mbiri ya luso la violin padziko lonse lapansi. Masewero ake anali achikondi; Nthawi zambiri amafanizidwa ndi Wieniawski ndi Sarasate. Komabe, luso lake loimba linalola, ngakhale mwachilendo, koma mokhutiritsa ndi momveka bwino, kutanthauzira ntchito zakale za Bach, Beethoven, Brahms. Kumasulira kwake zolembedwazi kunazindikirika ndi kuyamikiridwa kwambiri. Choncho, pambuyo pa masewera a 1895 ku Moscow, A. Koreshchenko analemba kuti Izai anachita Sarabande ndi Gigue Bach "ndi chidziwitso chodabwitsa cha kalembedwe ndi mzimu" wa ntchitozi.

Komabe, pomasulira mabuku akale, sakanatha kufanana ndi Joachim, Laub, Auer. Ndi khalidwe kuti V. Cheshikhin, amene analemba ndemanga ya ntchito ya konsati Beethoven a Kyiv mu 1890, poyerekeza izo osati Joachim kapena Laub, koma ... ndi Sarasate. Iye analemba kuti Sarasate "anaika moto ndi mphamvu zambiri mu ntchito yaing'ono ya Beethoven kotero kuti anazolowera omvera kumvetsetsa kosiyana kotheratu kwa concerto; mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, njira yachisomo ndi yodekha yosamutsira Yesaya ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri.

Mu ndemanga ya J. Engel, Yzai amatsutsana ndi Joachim: "Iye ndi m'modzi mwa oimba violin amakono, ngakhale woyamba pakati pa oyambirira a mtundu wake. Ngati Joachim sangapezeke ngati munthu wamba, Wilhelmi ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zosayerekezeka ndi kumveka bwino kwa mawu, ndiye kuti kusewera kwa Bambo Yesaya kungakhale chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha chisomo chaulemu, kutsiriza kwatsatanetsatane, ndi kutentha kwa ntchito. Kuphatikizika kumeneku sikuyenera kumveka konse kotero kuti Bambo Yesaya sangathe kufotokoza momveka bwino kalembedwe kake kapena kuti kamvekedwe kake kamakhala kopanda mphamvu komanso kokwanira - pankhaniyi alinso wojambula wodabwitsa, zomwe zikuwonekera, pakati pawo. zinthu zina, kuchokera ku Beethoven's Romance ndi konsati yachinayi Vietana ... "

Pankhani imeneyi, ndemanga ya A. Ossovsky, yomwe inatsindika za chikondi cha luso la Izaya, imayika madontho onse pa "ndi" pankhaniyi. Ossovsky analemba kuti: "Mwa mitundu iwiri ya oimba nyimbo," Ossovsky analemba, "ojambula a mtima ndi ojambula amitundu," E. Izai, ndithudi, ndi woyamba. Adasewera ma concerto akale a Bach, Mozart, Beethoven; Tinamvanso nyimbo za chipinda kuchokera kwa iye - quartets ya Mendelssohn ndi Beethoven, suite ya M. Reger. Koma ziribe kanthu kuti ndi maina angati omwe ndinatchula, paliponse ndipo nthawi zonse anali Izaya mwiniwake. Ngati Hans Bülow a Mozart nthawi zonse ankatuluka monga Mozart yekha, ndi Brahms yekha Brahms, ndipo umunthu wa woimbayo anasonyezedwa kokha mu kudziletsa uku kopambana umunthu ndi ozizira ndi lakuthwa monga kusanthula zitsulo, ndiye Bülow sanali apamwamba kuposa Rubinstein, monga momwe. now J. Joachim over E. Ysaye…”

Kamvekedwe ka ndemanga kambiri kamatsimikizira kuti Izai anali wolemba ndakatulo weniweni, wokonda violin, kuphatikiza kuwala kwa mtima ndi kuphweka kodabwitsa komanso chibadwa chosewera, chisomo ndi kuwongolera ndi mawu olowera. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse mu ndemanga zomwe analemba za phokoso lake, kufotokoza kwa cantilena, za kuimba pa violin: "Ndipo momwe amaimba! Panthaŵi ina, vayolini ya Pablo de Sarasate inaimba mokopa. Koma kunali phokoso la coloratura soprano, lokongola, koma lonyezimira pang'ono. Kamvekedwe ka Izaya, nthawi zonse kamakhala koyera, osadziwa kuti mawu a ekrypkch ndi otani, ndi okongola mu piyano ndi forte, nthawi zonse amayenda momasuka ndikuwonetsa kupindika pang'ono kwa nyimbo. Ngati mungakhululukire wolemba ndemangayo mawu ngati "mawu opindika", ndiye kuti adafotokoza momveka bwino mawonekedwe a Izaya.

Mu ndemanga za 80s ndi 90s nthawi zambiri munthu amatha kuwerenga kuti phokoso lake silinali lamphamvu; m'zaka za m'ma 900, ndemanga zambiri zimasonyeza zosiyana: "Ichi ndi chimphona chamtundu wina chomwe, ndi kamvekedwe kake kamphamvu, kakugonjetsani kuyambira pachiyambi ..." Koma zomwe zinali zosatsutsika mu Izaya kwa aliyense zinali luso lake ndi maganizo - wowolowa manja wa chikhalidwe chauzimu chotakata komanso chochuluka, cholemera modabwitsa.

"Ndizovuta kudzutsa moto, zomwe Izaya adachita. Dzanja lamanzere ndi lodabwitsa. Anali wodabwitsa pomwe adasewera ma concerto a Saint-Saens komanso wapadera pomwe adasewera Franck sonata. Munthu wosangalatsa komanso wosokonekera, chikhalidwe champhamvu kwambiri. Anakonda zakudya zabwino ndi zakumwa. Ananenanso kuti wojambulayo amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri panthawi yamasewera kotero kuti amafunikira kuwabwezeretsa. Ndipo anadziwa kuzibweza, indetu ndinena kwa inu! Madzulo ena, pamene ndinafika m’chipinda chake chobvalira kudzasonyeza kusirira kwanga, iye anandiyankha ndi maso mwamachenjera kuti: “Enescu wanga wamng’ono, ngati ukufuna kuseŵerera monga ine pausinkhu wanga, taona, usakhale wonyozeka!

Izai adadabwitsa kwambiri aliyense yemwe amamudziwa ndi chikondi chake chamoyo komanso chikhumbo chambiri. Thibaut akukumbukira kuti pamene adabweretsedwa ku Izaya ali mwana, poyamba adaitanidwa ku chipinda chodyera, ndipo adadabwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa ndi chimphona ndi chilakolako cha Gargantua. Atamaliza kudya, Izaya anapempha mnyamatayo kuti amuimbire zeze. Jacques adachita Wieniawski Concerto, ndipo Izai adatsagana naye pa violin, kotero kuti Thibaut adamva momveka bwino kuti timbre ya chilichonse cha zida za okhestra. “Sinali woyimba violin - inali gulu la oimba ndi anthu. Nditamaliza anangoyika dzanja lake paphewa panga kenako anati:

“Chabwino, mwana, choka pano.

Ndinabwerera kuchipinda chodyera, kumene otumikira anali akukonza tebulo.

Ndinali ndi nthawi yoti ndipiteko kukakambirana kwakung'ono kotsatiraku:

"Ngakhale, mlendo ngati Izaya-san amatha kusokoneza kwambiri bajeti!"

- Ndipo adavomereza kuti ali ndi bwenzi lomwe amadya kwambiri.

- KOMA! Kodi ndi ndani?

"Uyu ndi woyimba piyano dzina lake Raul Pugno ..."

Jacques anachita manyazi kwambiri ndi kukambirana kumeneku, ndipo panthaŵiyo Izai anaulula kwa bambo ake kuti: “Mukudziwa, n’zoona—mwana wanu amaseŵera bwino kuposa ine!”

Mawu a Enescu ndi osangalatsa: “Izai … ndi wa iwo amene luso lawo limadutsa zofooka zazing'ono. Inde, sindimagwirizana naye pachilichonse, koma sizinachitike kwa ine kutsutsa za Izaya ndi malingaliro anga. Osatsutsana ndi Zeus!

K. Flesh ananena mfundo yofunika kwambiri yonena za luso la Isai poimbira vayolini kuti: “M’zaka za m’ma 80 za m’ma XNUMX, anthu oimba violin akuluakulu sanagwiritse ntchito kunjenjemera kwakukulu, koma ankangogwiritsa ntchito zimene amati kunjenjemera kwa chala, mmene mawu ake ankamveka. kugwedezeka kosaoneka kokha. Kunjenjemera ndi mawu osamveka bwino, osanenapo za ndime, kunkaonedwa kuti n'kosayenera komanso kosayenera. Izai anali woyamba kuyambitsa kugwedezeka kwakukulu muzochita, kufunafuna kupuma moyo mu luso la violin.

Ndikufuna kumaliza ndondomeko ya chithunzi cha Izaya woyimba violini ndi mawu a bwenzi lake lalikulu Pablo Casals: "Izaya anali wojambula kwambiri bwanji! Pamene iye anawonekera pa siteji, zinkawoneka kuti mtundu wina wa mfumu ikutuluka. Wokongola ndi wonyada, wokhala ndi chifaniziro chachikulu ndi maonekedwe a mkango wamng'ono, ndi kuwala kodabwitsa m'maso mwake, manja ochititsa chidwi ndi nkhope yake - iye mwiniyo anali kale chiwonetsero. Sindinagwirizane ndi maganizo a anzanga ena omwe ankamunyoza mwaufulu mopambanitsa pamasewera komanso mongoyerekeza. Zinali zofunikira kuganizira zochitika ndi zokonda za nthawi yomwe Izaya inakhazikitsidwa. Koma chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti nthawi yomweyo anakopa omvera ndi mphamvu ya luso lake.

Izai anamwalira pa May 12, 1931. Imfa yake inachititsa kuti dziko la Belgium likhale lolira. Vincent d'Andy ndi Jacques Thibault anabwera kuchokera ku France kudzapezeka pa maliro. Bokosi lokhala ndi thupi la wojambulayo linatsagana ndi anthu chikwi. Pamanda ake panamangidwa chipilala chokongoletsedwa ndi chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Constantine Meunier. Mtima wa Izaya mu bokosi lamtengo wapatali unatumizidwa ku Liege ndipo anaikidwa m'manda kumudzi wa wojambula wamkulu.

L. Raaben