Khomus: kufotokoza kwa chida, kapangidwe, phokoso, mitundu, momwe kusewera

Chida ichi sichimaphunzitsidwa m'masukulu oimba, phokoso lake silingamveke m'magulu oimba. Khomus ndi gawo la chikhalidwe cha anthu a ku Sakha. Mbiri ya ntchito yake ili ndi zaka zoposa zikwi zisanu. Ndipo phokosolo ndi lapadera kwambiri, pafupifupi "cosmic", lopatulika, liwulula zinsinsi za kudzidalira kwa iwo omwe amatha kumva phokoso la Yakut khomus.

Kodi khomus ndi chiyani

Khomus ali m’gulu la azeze a Ayuda. Zimaphatikizapo oimira angapo nthawi imodzi, zosiyana kunja kwa phokoso ndi timbre. Pali azeze a lamellar ndi arched jew. Chidachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Aliyense wa iwo anabweretsa chinachake chosiyana ndi mapangidwe ndi phokoso. Kotero ku Altai amasewera komuze ndi chimango chozungulira ndi lilime lopyapyala, kotero kuti phokoso likhale lopepuka, likulira. Ndipo Vietnamese dan moi mu mawonekedwe a mbale imakhala ndi mawu apamwamba.

Phokoso lapadera komanso lodabwitsa limapangidwa ndi Nepalese murchung, yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe osinthika, ndiko kuti, lilime limatalikira mbali ina. Lilime la Yakut khomus lili ndi lilime lokulirapo, lomwe limatheketsa kutulutsa kaphokoso, kamvekedwe kakang'ono, kozungulira. Zida zonse zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo, ngakhale kwa zaka mazana angapo panali zitsanzo zamatabwa ndi mafupa.

Chida chipangizo

Khomus yamakono imapangidwa ndi chitsulo. Maonekedwe ake ndi achikale kwambiri, ndi maziko, pakati pomwe pali lilime losasunthika momasuka. Mapeto ake ndi opindika. Phokosoli limapangidwa mwa kusuntha lilime, lomwe limakoka ndi ulusi, kukhudza kapena kumenyedwa ndi chala. Chophimbacho ndi chozungulira mbali imodzi ndi chopendekera mbali inayo. Mu gawo lozungulira la chimango, lilime limamangiriridwa, lomwe, likudutsa pakati pa mapepala, limakhala ndi mapeto opindika. Mwa kuimenya, woyimbayo amapanga mawu omveka mothandizidwa ndi mpweya wotuluka.

Kusiyana ndi zeze

Zida zonse zoimbira zili ndi chiyambi chofanana, koma zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwamtundu wina ndi mzake. Kusiyana kwa Yakut khomus ndi zeze wa Myuda ndiko kutalika kwa lilime. Pakati pa anthu a Republic of Sakha ndi yaitali, kotero kuti phokoso si sonorous, komanso ndi khalidwe crackle. Zeze wa Khomus ndi Jew amasiyana patali pakati pa zikwangwani zamawu ndi lilime. Mu chida cha Yakut, ndizochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudzanso phokoso.

History

Chidacho chimayamba mbiri yake kale isanabwere nthawi yathu panthawi yomwe munthu adaphunzira kugwira uta, mivi, zida zakale. Anthu akale ankachipanga kuchokera ku mafupa a nyama ndi matabwa. Pali mtundu womwe a Yakuts adamvera mawu omwe mtengo wosweka ndi mphezi udapanga. Kuwomba kulikonse kwamphepo kunkamveka kokongola, kunjenjemera mpweya pakati pa nkhuni zogawanikazo. Ku Siberia ndi Republic of Tyva, zida zopangidwa pamaziko a matabwa amatabwa zasungidwa.

Khomus yodziwika kwambiri inali pakati pa anthu olankhula Chiturkiki. Mmodzi mwa makope akale kwambiri adapezeka pamalo pomwe panali anthu a Xiongnu ku Mongolia. Asayansi amakhulupirira molimba mtima kuti idagwiritsidwa ntchito kale m'zaka za zana la 3 BC. Ku Yakutia, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale apeza zida zambiri zoimbira za bango m'manda a shaman. Amakongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsera zodabwitsa, zomwe akatswiri a mbiri yakale ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale sangathe kuzimasulira.

Ma Shaman, pogwiritsa ntchito kulira kwa azeze a Ayuda, adatsegula njira yawo kupita kumayiko ena, adapeza mgwirizano wathunthu ndi thupi, lomwe limatha kuzindikira kugwedezeka. Mothandizidwa ndi mamvekedwe, anthu a ku Sakha anaphunzira kusonyeza mmene akumvera, mmene akumvera, kutsanzira chinenero cha nyama ndi mbalame. Phokoso la khomus linapangitsa omvera ndi ochita masewerawo kukhala ndi malingaliro olamuliridwa. Umu ndi momwe asing'anga adapezerapo mwayi wowonjezera, womwe udathandizira kuchiza odwala matenda amisala komanso kuthetsa matenda akulu.

Chida ichi choimbira chinagawidwa osati pakati pa Asiya okha. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwadziwikanso ku Latin America. Adabweretsedwa kumeneko ndi amalonda omwe amayenda mwachangu pakati pa makontinenti m'zaka za zana la XNUMX-XNUMX. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zeze anaonekera ku Ulaya. Nyimbo zosazolowereka kwa iye zinapangidwa ndi woimba wa ku Austria Johann Albrechtsberger.

Momwe mungasewere khomus

Kuyimba chida ichi nthawi zonse improvisation, imene woimba amaika maganizo ndi maganizo. Koma pali luso lofunikira lomwe liyenera kuphunzitsidwa bwino kuti muthe kudziwa bwino khomus ndikuphunzira kupanga nyimbo zomveka. Ndi dzanja lawo lamanzere, oimba akugwira mbali yozungulira ya chimango, zikwangwani zomveka zimakanikizidwa ndi mano awo. Ndi chala chakumanja cha dzanja lamanja, amagunda lilime, lomwe liyenera kugwedezeka momasuka popanda kukhudza mano. Mukhoza kukulitsa phokoso mwa kukulunga milomo yanu kuzungulira thupi. Mpweya umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga nyimbo. Pokoka mpweya pang’onopang’ono, woimbayo amatalikitsa mawuwo. Kusintha kwa sikelo, machulukitsidwe ake kumadaliranso kugwedezeka kwa lilime, kuyenda kwa milomo.

Chidwi cha khomus, chomwe chinatayika pang'ono ndi kubwera kwa mphamvu za Soviet, chikukula m'dziko lamakono. Chida ichi sichingamveke m'nyumba za Yakuts zokha, komanso pamasewero a mayiko. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitundu ya anthu ndi ethno, kutsegulira mwayi watsopano mpaka kumapeto kwa chida chosazindikirika.