Melodika: kufotokoza kwa chida, zikuchokera, mitundu, mbiri, ntchito

Melodica angatchedwe kupangidwa kwamakono. Ngakhale makope oyamba adayambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, adafalikira mu theka lachiwiri lazaka za zana la XNUMX.

mwachidule

Chida choimbira chimenechi si chatsopano kwenikweni. Ndi mtanda pakati pa accordion ndi harmonica.

Melodika (melodica) amaonedwa kuti ndi zopangidwa ku Germany. Ndi gulu la zida bango, akatswiri amanena za zosiyanasiyana harmonicas ndi kiyibodi. Dzina lathunthu, lolondola la chidacho kuchokera kumalingaliro a akatswiri ndi melodic harmonica kapena nyimbo yamphepo.

Ili ndi mitundu yambiri pafupifupi 2-2,5 octaves. Woimbayo amatulutsa mawu pouzira mpweya m’kamwa, nthawi yomweyo pogwiritsa ntchito makiyiwo ndi manja ake. Kuthekera kwanyimbo kwa nyimboyi ndikwapamwamba, kumveka kokweza, kosangalatsa kumvetsera. Zimaphatikizidwa bwino ndi zida zina zoimbira, motero zafalikira padziko lonse lapansi.

Chida cha Melody

Chipangizo cha nyimbo ndi symbiosis ya harmonica ndi zinthu za accordion:

• Chimango. Mbali yakunja ya mlanduyo imakongoletsedwa ndi kiyibodi yofanana ndi piyano: makiyi akuda amaphatikizidwa ndi oyera. Mkati mwake muli mpweya wokhala ndi malilime. Woimbayo akawomba mpweya, kukanikiza makiyi kumatsegula ma valve apadera, ndege ya mpweya imagwira mabango, chifukwa chomwe phokoso la timbre, voliyumu, ndi phula limachokera.
• Makiyi. Chiwerengero cha makiyi amasiyana, malingana ndi mtundu, chitsanzo, cholinga cha chida. Mitundu yanyimbo zamaluso imakhala ndi makiyi 26-36.
• Pakamwa (m'kamwa njira). Zomangidwira m'mbali mwa chida, chopangidwa kuti chiwuze mpweya.

The melodic harmonica imapanga phokoso pamene mpweya umatuluka ndipo makiyi omwe ali pamlandu amakanizidwa nthawi yomweyo.

Mbiri ya chida

Mbiri ya melodic harmonica imayamba ku China chazaka 2-3 BC. Inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe Harmonica yoyamba, Sheng, idawonekera. Zinthu zopangidwa ndi nsungwi, bango.

Sheng anabwera ku Ulaya kokha m'zaka XVIII. Amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha kusintha kwazinthu zaku China, accordion idawonekera. Koma nyimboyi idawonekera padziko lapansi pambuyo pake.

Zitsanzo zophatikiza mphamvu za accordion ndi harmonica zinalengezedwa koyamba mu 1892. Harmonica, yokhala ndi makiyi, inapangidwa ndi olimba a German Zimmermann m'dera la Tsarist Russia. Anthu analibe chidwi ndi chida ichi, masewerowa sanazindikire. Panthawi ya Revolution ya Okutobala, malo a Zimmermann adawonongedwa ndi gulu la anthu osintha zinthu, zida za zida, zojambula, ndi chitukuko zidawonongeka.

Mu 1958, kampani ya ku Germany Hohner inavomereza chida chatsopano cha nyimbo, melodika, chofanana ndi chimene anthu a ku Russia sankakonda. Choncho, melodic harmonica imatengedwa kuti ndi yopangidwa ndi Germany. Chitsanzochi chinavomerezedwa mokhulupirika ndipo mwamsanga chinafalikira padziko lonse lapansi.

Zaka za m'ma 60 zazaka zapitazi zinali zopambana za melodic harmonica. Makamaka adakondana ndi ochita masewera aku Asia. Zina mwazabwino zosatsutsika za nyimbo ndi mtengo wotsika, kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, kuphatikizika, kowala, kumveka kosangalatsa.

Mitundu yanyimbo

Zitsanzo za zida zimasiyana mumitundu yanyimbo, mawonekedwe ake, kukula kwake:

• Tenor. Pamene akusewera, woimba amagwiritsa ntchito manja onse awiri: ndi kumanzere amathandizira gawo lapansi, ndi kumanja amasankha makiyi. Njira yovomerezeka kwambiri imaphatikizapo kuyika mawonekedwewo pamalo athyathyathya, kumangiriza chubu chachitali chosinthika pabowo la jakisoni: izi zimakulolani kumasula dzanja lanu lachiwiri, gwiritsani ntchito zonse ziwiri kukanikiza makiyi. Chinthu chosiyana cha chitsanzocho ndi kamvekedwe kakang'ono.
• Soprano (nyimbo za alto). Amapereka kamvekedwe kapamwamba kuposa mitundu ya tenor. Zitsanzo zina zimaphatikizapo kusewera ndi manja awiri: makiyi akuda ali mbali imodzi, makiyi oyera mbali inayo.
• basi. Ili ndi kamvekedwe kotsika kwambiri. Zinali zofala kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, masiku ano ndizosowa kwambiri.

Malo ogwiritsira ntchito

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi oimba okha, ndi gawo la oimba, ma ensembles, magulu oimba.

Mu theka lachiwiri, idagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ndi oimba a jazi, nyimbo za rock, punk, oimba a reggae aku Jamaica. The solo melodic gawo likupezeka mu imodzi mwa nyimbo za Elvis Presley. Mtsogoleri wa The Beatles, John Lennon, sananyalanyaze chidacho.

Mayiko aku Asia amagwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zoimbira nyimbo za achinyamata. Chida cha ku Ulaya chakhaladi gawo la chikhalidwe cha Kum'mawa; masiku ano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Japan ndi China.

Russia imagwiritsa ntchito melodic harmonica mwachangu kwambiri: imatha kuwoneka mu zida za ena oyimira mobisa, jazi, ndi masitaelo a anthu.