Hand harmonicas: kapangidwe, mbiri yakale, mitundu

Zaka zoposa 200 zapita kuchokera ku maonekedwe a accordion yamanja. Kuwonekera kwa chida ichi kunakhala chofunikira kuti pakhale nyimbo zodziwika bwino monga batani accordion ndi accordion, zomwe lero zikuphatikizidwa mu gulu la maphunziro. Koma ma harmonicas a manja amitundu yosiyanasiyana akupitilizabe kuzungulira padziko lonse lapansi, kukopa omvera ndi mawu awo osiyanasiyana.

Design

Zirizonse zamtundu wa harmonica, malingana ndi mtundu wa kupanga phokoso, mitundu yonse ndi zida zoimbira za bango, ndiko kuti, phokoso limachokera pansi pa machitidwe a mpweya wa mpweya umene umakhudza bango. Kunja, chipangizo cha harmonica chikuwoneka motere:

• anasiya theka-thupi ndi kiyibodi yake;
• theka lamanja lamanja lomwe lili ndi kiyibodi yomwe ili pa chala;
• chipinda chaubweya chokhala ndi mipiringidzo yosiyanasiyana (makutu).

Chipangizo chamkati chimakhala ndi chinthu chachikulu - phokoso la mawu, limene malirime amamangiriridwa. Pali awiri a iwo. Wina amanjenjemera mvuvuwo ukatsegulidwa, wina akaumizidwa. Mbali imeneyi ya ma harmonics a manja amachokera pa mfundo yakuti pamene mavuvu atambasulidwa ndikubwerera kumalo awo oyambirira, momwe mpweya ukuyendera umasintha.

Harmonica ili ndi sikelo ya diatonic. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazosiyana kwambiri ndi achibale a harmonica bayan ndi accordion okhala ndi chromatic kapena osakanikirana.

Ntchito ya harmonica zachokera pa mfundo ya lever kiyibodi limagwirira, ngati piyano. Pamene kiyi ikanikizidwa, kutsegula kumachitika m'sitimayo, yomwe mpweya umalowa m'chipinda cha resonator, kumene mabango ali.

Chipangizocho chimatchedwa "manual" chifukwa wosewera mpira wa accordion amachigwira m'manja mwake. Kuti zikhale zosavuta, zingwe zimamatira ku thupi, zomwe zimakulolani kuziyika pamapewa anu kapena zingwe zazing'ono kuti zikhale zosavuta kukonza dzanja lanu ngati chitsanzocho ndi chaching'ono.

History

Germany imatengedwa kuti ndi komwe kunabadwira accordion. M'zaka za m'ma 20 m'zaka za zana la 19, chida choyamba chinapangidwa ndi mbuye wa Berlin Friedrich Buschmann. Chida chomwe adapanga chidadziwika kuti "harmonica". Koma pali Mabaibulo amene akanatulukira ku England komanso ku St.

Kalambulabwalo wa harmonica anali harmonica. Ili ndi njira yofananira yopangira mawu.

M'ma 30-40s azaka za zana la XNUMX, ma harmonicas oyamba adayamba kuwonekera ku Russia. Anabweretsedwa ndi nzika zolemera zochokera kunja. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kupanga ntchito zamanja ndi amisiri a ku Russia kunayamba m'chigawo cha Tula.

Amisiri a Tula amaonedwa kuti ndi oyamba komanso opanga ma harmonica. Anapanga chida chopepuka chokhala ndi mabatani a mzere umodzi kumanja ndi kumanzere.

Izi zinali zitsanzo za mzere umodzi, koma patapita zaka zingapo, "mizere iwiri" inawonekera. Koma iwo anali ndi vuto lalikulu pakutsatizana kochepa, kotero kugwirizanitsa nyimbo za Chirasha kunasokonezedwa. Mitundu ya Saratov, Livny ndi "wreath" yakhala yapamwamba kwambiri.

mitundu

M'mbiri ya chitukuko cha accordion, mitundu yosiyanasiyana idawuka ndi makiyi osiyanasiyana ndi ambuye, kukula, ndi kapangidwe kamilandu. Iwo sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi batani accordion ndi accordion, monga mapangidwe awa ali ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Kusiyana koonekeratu pakati pa accordion, accordion ndi batani accordion ndi kukula ndi chiwerengero cha octaves, otsirizawa ali ndi zambiri. Kukula kwa "achibale" akuluakulu ndi kusiyana kwina.

Malinga ndi mtundu wa kutulutsa mawu, zomangazo zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:

• Bokosi likakanikiza, phokoso la msinkhu womwewo limachotsedwa - khromka, "livenka", "Russian wreath".
• Phokoso limadalira kayendedwe ka ubweya wa ubweya - "kamba", "Tula", Vyatka accordion.

Dzinali linaperekedwa malinga ndi malo omwe chidacho chinachokera.

Kupatulapo kumatha kutchedwa zida zotchedwa "kamba". Awa ndi ma harmonicas ang'onoang'ono omwe amagulitsidwa ku Cherepovets, omwe poyamba adapangidwa kuti akondweretse ana, ndipo pambuyo pake adadziwika ndi osewera a harmonica ndi ojambula amakono.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:

• Yelets piano harmonica - yopangidwa mumzinda wa Yelets. Kukula kwa mbuye Ilyin anali wosiyana ndi chakuti anali ndi dongosolo makiyi, monga limba ndi osiyanasiyana octaves awiri ndi theka.
• Livenskaya - kusiyana kwakukulu kwa njonda zambiri zomwe zimapanga chipinda chaubweya wautali.
• Saratovskaya - pali mabelu pamapangidwe.
• Cherepovets - ali ndi kukula kochepa kwambiri, ndipo mabatani a kiyibodi a bass ali pa thupi.
• Kirillovskaya accordion - yopangidwa m'dera la Vologda, yaying'ono, yopepuka, koma yokhala ndi phokoso lalikulu.

Pakati pa mitundu ina, yofala kwambiri ndi khromka - "mizere iwiri" kapena mzere umodzi wa Russian harmonica. Ndipo anthu osiyanasiyana anali ndi ma harmonicas awo: marla-carmon pakati pa Mari, talyan harmun mwa Tatar, pshine pakati pa Adygs, komuz pakati pa Dagestanis.

Accordion ndiye chida chokondedwa komanso chofala kwambiri cha anthu aku Russia. The harmonist nthawi zonse amakhala mlendo wofunikira kwambiri patchuthi chilichonse, ndipo nyimbo zake zimatsagana ndi zikondwerero za anthu, zimamveka pamisonkhano yoyandikana nawo, tchuthi.