Bandoneon: ndichiyani, kapangidwe, phokoso, mbiri ya chida

Aliyense amene adamvapo phokoso la tango la ku Argentina sadzawasokoneza ndi chirichonse - kuboola kwake, nyimbo yochititsa chidwi imadziwika mosavuta komanso yapadera. Anapeza nyimbo zomveka bwino chifukwa cha bandoneon, chida chapadera choimbira chomwe chili ndi khalidwe lake komanso mbiri yosangalatsa.

Kodi bandoneon ndi chiyani

Bandoneon ndi chida cha kiyibodi cha bango, mtundu wa harmonica wamanja. Ngakhale ndizodziwika kwambiri ku Argentina, chiyambi chake ndi Chijeremani. Ndipo asanakhale chizindikiro cha tango ya ku Argentina ndikupeza mawonekedwe ake, adayenera kupirira zosintha zambiri.

Mbiri ya chida

M'zaka za m'ma 30 m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, harmonica idawonekera ku Germany, yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe apamtunda ndi makiyi asanu mbali iliyonse. Idapangidwa ndi katswiri wanyimbo Karl Friedrich Uhlig. Pamene anali kuyendera Vienna, Uhlig anaphunzira accordion, ndipo anauziridwa ndi izo, pa kubwerera anapanga concertina German. Unali mtundu wowongoleredwa wa square harmonica yake.

M'zaka za m'ma 40 m'zaka za zana lomwelo, concertina inagwera m'manja mwa woimba Heinrich Banda, yemwe adasintha kale - ndondomeko ya phokoso lochotsedwa, komanso makonzedwe a makiyi pa kiyibodi, yomwe inakhala. ofukula. Chidacho chinatchedwa bandoneon polemekeza Mlengi wake. Kuyambira 1846, adayamba kugulitsidwa m'sitolo ya Bandy.

Zitsanzo zoyamba za bandoneons zinali zosavuta kuposa zamakono, zinali ndi matani 44 kapena 56. Poyambirira, adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yopangira chiwalo cholambirira, mpaka zaka makumi anayi pambuyo pake chidacho chidabweretsedwa ku Argentina mwangozi - woyendetsa panyanja waku Germany adasintha mwina chifukwa cha botolo la kachasu, kapena zovala ndi chakudya.

Kamodzi pa kontinenti ina, bandoneon anapeza moyo watsopano ndi tanthauzo. Phokoso lake lopweteka limagwirizana bwino ndi nyimbo ya tango ya ku Argentina - palibe chida china chomwe chinapereka zotsatira zofanana. Gulu loyamba la bandoneon lidafika likulu la Argentina kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX; posakhalitsa anayamba kuyimba m'magulu oimba a tango.

Chidwi chatsopano chidakhudza chidachi m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX, chifukwa cha woyimba wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi komanso woyimba wowala kwambiri Astor Piazzolla. Ndi dzanja lake lopepuka komanso laluso, bandoneon ndi tango ya ku Argentina apeza phokoso latsopano komanso kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi.

Zosiyanasiyana

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa bandoneons ndi chiwerengero cha ma toni, kusiyana kwawo kumachokera ku 106 mpaka 148. Chida chodziwika bwino cha 144 chimatengedwa ngati chovomerezeka. Kuti muphunzire kuyimba chida, bandoneon ya 110 ndiyoyenera kwambiri.

Palinso mitundu yapadera komanso yosakanizidwa:

• ndi mapaipi;
• chromatifoni (yokhala ndi makiyi olowera);
• c-system, yomwe imawoneka ngati harmonica yaku Russia;
• ndi masanjidwe, monga piyano, ndi ena.

Chida cha Bandoneon

Ichi ndi chida choimbira cha bango chamtundu wa quadrangular chokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa bevelled. Imalemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu asanu ndipo ndi 22 * ​​22 * ​​40 cm. Ubweya wa bandoneon umapangidwa mochuluka ndipo uli ndi mafelemu awiri, pamwamba pake pali mphete: nsonga za lace zimamangiriridwa kwa iwo, zomwe zimathandizira chidacho.

Kiyibodi ili molunjika, mabatani amayikidwa mumizere isanu. Phokosoli limatulutsidwa chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa mabango achitsulo panthawi yomwe mpweya umapopedwa ndi mvutowo. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, posintha kayendedwe ka ubweya, zolemba ziwiri zosiyana zimatulutsidwa, ndiko kuti, pali phokoso lowirikiza kawiri kuposa mabatani pa kiyibodi.

Posewera, manja amadutsa pansi pa zingwe zapamanja zomwe zili mbali zonse. Kusewera kumaphatikizapo zala zinayi za manja onse awiri, ndipo chala chachikulu cha dzanja lamanja chili pa lever valve air valve - imayendetsa mpweya.

Chidacho chili kuti

Monga tanenera kale, bandoneon ndi yotchuka kwambiri ku Argentina, komwe kwa nthawi yaitali imatengedwa ngati chida cha dziko - imapangidwa kumeneko kwa mawu atatu kapena anayi. Pokhala ndi mizu yaku Germany, bandoneon imadziwikanso ku Germany, komwe imaphunzitsidwa m'magulu anyimbo.

Koma chifukwa cha kukula kwake kocheperako, phokoso lapadera komanso chidwi chokulirapo cha tango, bandoneon ikufunika osati m'maiko awiriwa, komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Zimamveka solo, mu gulu limodzi, m'magulu oimba a tango - kumvetsera chida ichi ndikosangalatsa. Palinso masukulu ambiri ndi zothandizira kuphunzira.

Odziwika kwambiri a bandoneonists: Anibal Troilo, Daniel Binelli, Juan José Mosalini ndi ena. Koma "Great Astor" ali pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri: zomwe zimangofunika "Libertango" yake yotchuka - nyimbo yoboola pomwe zolemba za dreary zimasinthidwa ndi nyimbo zophulika. Zikuwoneka kuti moyo wokha umamveka mmenemo, ndikukukakamizani kulota za zosatheka ndikukhulupirira kukwaniritsidwa kwa loto ili.