Piccolo chitoliro: ndichiyani, phokoso, kapangidwe, mbiri

Piccolo chitoliro ndi chida chapadera choimbira: chimodzi mwaching'ono kwambiri potengera miyeso yonse, ndi imodzi mwapamwamba kwambiri potengera mawu. Zimakhala zosatheka kukhala pawekha, koma pakupanga magawo a nyimbo, chitoliro cha mwana ndichofunikira kwenikweni.

Kodi chitoliro cha piccolo ndi chiyani

Nthawi zambiri chidacho chimatchedwa chitoliro chaching'ono - chifukwa cha kukula kwake. Ndi mtundu wa chitoliro wamba, wa gulu la woodwind zoimbira nyimbo. Mu Chitaliyana, dzina la chitoliro cha piccolo limamveka ngati "flauto piccolo" kapena "ottavino", mu Chijeremani - "kleine flote".

Chodziwika bwino ndikutha kumveketsa mawu apamwamba omwe chitoliro wamba sichimafika: piccolo imamveka mokweza ndi octave yonse. Koma sizingatheke kuchotsa zolemba zochepa. Timbre ikuboola, kuyimba mluzu pang'ono.

Kutalika kwa piccolo ndi pafupifupi 30 cm (ndi 2 nthawi zazifupi kuposa chitoliro chokhazikika). Zopangira - nkhuni. Osapezeka pulasitiki, zitsulo zitsanzo.

Kodi piccolo imamveka bwanji?

Phokoso losamveka lopangidwa ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono kanapangitsa kuti olembawo aganizire za anthu otchulidwa m'nthano. Zinali za fano lawo, komanso kupanga chinyengo cha mabingu, mphepo, phokoso la nkhondo, kuti piccolo chitoliro chinagwiritsidwa ntchito mu oimba.

Mtundu womwe ukupezeka pachidacho umachokera pa cholemba "re" cha kukoma kwachiwiri kotsatira mpaka "mpaka" wa octave yachisanu. Zolemba za piccolo zimalembedwa motsika octave.

Zitsanzo zamatabwa zimamveka zofewa kuposa pulasitiki, zitsulo, koma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kusewera.

Phokoso la Piccolo ndi lowala kwambiri, lowutsa mudyo, lokwera kwambiri moti limagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka sonority ku nyimboyo. Imakulitsa kukula kwa zida zina zamphepo za okhestra, zomwe, chifukwa cha luso lawo, sizimatha kudziwa bwino nyimbo zapamwamba.

Chida chipangizo

Piccolo ndi kusiyana kwa chitoliro chokhazikika, kotero mapangidwe awo ndi ofanana. Pali magawo atatu akulu:

1. mutu. Ili pamwamba pa chida. Amakhala ndi dzenje la jekeseni wa mpweya (khushoni ya khutu), cork yokhala ndi kapu yoyikidwapo.
2. Thupi. Gawo lalikulu: pamwamba pali ma valve, mabowo omwe amatha kutseka, kutseguka, kuchotsa mitundu yonse ya phokoso.
3. Bondo. Makiyi omwe ali pabondo amapangidwira chala chaching'ono cha dzanja lamanja. Chitoliro cha piccolo chilibe bondo.

Kuphatikiza pa kusowa kwa bondo, zosiyanitsa za piccolo kuchokera ku mtundu wamba ndi:

• miyeso yaying'ono yolowera;
• reverse-conical mawonekedwe a gawo la thunthu;
• kutsegulira, ma valve ali pamtunda wocheperako;
• kukula konse kwa piccolo ndi kocheperako ka 2 kuposa chitoliro chodutsa.

Mbiri ya piccolo

Omwe adatsogolera piccolo, chida chakale champhepo flageolet, adapangidwa ku France kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX. Ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa mbalame kuimba nyimbo za mluzu, komanso ankaimba nyimbo zankhondo.

The flageolet anali wamakono, potsirizira pake kukhala osiyana kotheratu ndi palokha. Choyamba, thupi linapatsidwa mawonekedwe a conical kaamba ka chiyero cha mawu. Mutu unapangidwa kuti ukhale wothamanga kwambiri, kuyesa kupeza mwayi wokhudza dongosolo. Pambuyo pake, nyumbayo inagawidwa m’zigawo zitatu.

Chotsatira chake chinali kamangidwe kamene kamatha kutulutsa phokoso lambiri, pomwe ma harmonic amamveka ngati osasangalatsa.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, chitolirocho chidakhala pamalo amphamvu m'magulu oimba. Koma zinayamba kuoneka ngati lero, chifukwa cha khama la German mbuye, flutist, wolemba Theobald Boehm. Amaonedwa kuti ndi atate wa chitoliro chamakono: zoyeserera zamayimbidwe za ku Germany zidapereka zotsatira zodabwitsa, zitsanzo zabwino nthawi yomweyo zidakopa mitima ya akatswiri oimba ku Europe. Bem adayesetsa kukonza mitundu yonse ya zitoliro zomwe zilipo, kuphatikiza chitoliro cha piccolo.

Chida ntchito

M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, chitoliro cha piccolo chidagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu m'magulu a symphony ndi amkuwa. Kuisewera ndi ntchito yovuta. Kukula kochepa kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutulutsa mawu, zolemba zabodza zimawonekera kwambiri kuchokera kwa ena onse.

Nyimbo za orchestra zimaphatikizanso chitoliro chimodzi cha piccolo, nthawi zina ziwiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyimbo za chipinda; limba concerto limodzi ndi piccolo si zachilendo.

Chitoliro chaching'ono chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pochirikiza mawu apamwamba pakuyimba kwa gulu loimba. Olemba otchuka (Vivaldi, Rimsky-Korsakov, Shostakovich) adakhulupirira chida chayekha m'magawo.

Chitoliro cha piccolo ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono, kooneka ngati chidole, kopanda phokoso lomwe nyimbo zodziwika bwino kwambiri sizimamveka. Ndi gawo lofunikira la oimba, kufunikira kwake sikungatheke.