Kurai: kufotokoza kwa chida, kapangidwe, mbiri, mitundu, kupanga, momwe kusewera

Kurai adawonekera kale, adagawidwa pakati pa Bashkir, Chitata padziko lapansi. Izo poyambirira ntchito limodzi ndi nyimbo za maukwati, maholide, lero ndi mbali ya oimba ndi ensembles.

Kurai ndi chiyani

Kurai amatchulidwa kuti ndi gulu la zida zoimbira zamphepo. Koposa zonse, amafanana ndi chitoliro. Zikuwoneka ngati chitoliro chachitali chokhala ndi mpweya wotuluka pathupi.

Zitsanzo zimasiyana kukula: kutalika kumayambira 120-1000 mm. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi lilime logunda mkati, zomwe zimakulolani kuti musinthe mawu omwe mumatulutsa.

Chida choyambirira cha chidacho chinali tsinde zouma za zomera za banja la Umbelliferae. Zitsanzo zamakono zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzitsulo zosiyanasiyana: zitsulo, matabwa.

Kukula, timbre, diatonic range of kurai zimadalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana: kukula, zinthu, kapangidwe kake. Pafupifupi, chidacho chili ndi ma octave atatu athunthu muzosungira zake. Mulingowo ndi wophatikiza masikelo akulu akulu a pentatonic.

Kurai kumveka kwachilendo: wopatsa moyo, wowoneka bwino, wodekha. Zimakhala zovuta kuyimba nyimbo ku nyimbo zotere, nthawi zambiri zimatsagana ndi kuyimba kwapakhosi.

chipangizo

Chipangizocho ndi chophweka - thupi lalitali lolunjika, lopanda mkati. Nthawi zina lilime limakhala m'bokosilo. Mabowo ali kumbali yakunja: pomanga chimodzi kapena zingapo, woyimbayo amatulutsa mawu ofunikira malinga ndi kutalika ndi timbre.

Kutalika kwa chida, chiwerengero cha mabowo pa thupi ndi osiyana. Classic model ili ndi magawo awa:

• kutalika - 570-800 mm;
• kutalika - 20 mm;
• chiwerengero cha mabowo - 5 (4 amakongoletsa kutsogolo kwa mlandu, 1 - kumbuyo);
• m'mimba mwake - 5-15 mm.

Mbiri yakale

Zolemba zoyamba zimatchula za kurai kuyambira zaka za XNUMX-XNUMX. Koma mbiri yake ndi yayitali kwambiri: sizidziwika bwino kuti chidacho chidabadwa liti. Chitata, Bashkirs akhala akusewera kuyambira kalekale.

Zida zoimbira ngati chitoliro zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ngakhale isanabwere nthawi yathu, zinali zofala, zopezeka pafupifupi chikhalidwe chilichonse padziko lapansi. Zikuoneka kuti Kurai anabwera kwa Atatars, Bashkirs ochokera ku Asia oyandikana nawo - Mongols, Kazakhs.

Kwa nthawi yaitali, panali mkangano pakati pa Bashkortostan ndi Tatarstan, amene mwa anthu angatchule kuti Kurai "chida chawo" cha dziko. Chowonadi chinakhala kumbali ya Bashkiria: dziko la Republic linakwanitsa kuyika chida ngati chizindikiro cha dera. Masiku ano amaonedwa kuti ndi chida cha dziko la Bashkir, ngakhale kuti Chitata kurai sichiri chofala.

Chiyambi cha Kurai, malinga ndi nthano ya Bashkir, chikugwirizana ndi mnyamata yemwe anapulumuka imfa yankhanza chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa chida choimbira. Ataponyedwa kunja ndi khan woipa m'nkhalango yowirira, iye, alibe chochita, anapanga chitoliro kuchokera ku tsinde la chomera, tsiku lililonse ankasewera pa izo, pang'onopang'ono kupita patsogolo. Chotero mozizwitsa, posakhalitsa anadzipeza ali pafupi ndi kwawo. Anthu a m'mudzimo adathamangira ku phokoso la nyimbo yokongola, adaphunzira momwe khan adachitira ndi anyamatawo, adathamangira ku nyumba yachifumu, adagonjetsa wolamulirayo. Ndipo Kurai anakhala bwenzi lokhazikika la Bashkirs, monga chizindikiro cha kupulumutsidwa ku zowawa.

Poyamba, amuna okhawo ankaimba chidacho. Kuraists (anthu omwe amasewera kurai) asanagwire ntchito, nthawi zonse ankanena zomwe zinali - nthano, nthano, nthano. Anthu ameneŵa ankalemekezedwa kwambiri, popeza anali olemba ndakatulo, oimba, opeka nyimbo, akatswiri a nthano za anthu onse amene anali ogwirizana.

Zida zakale zinali zonyowetsedwa ndi madzi zisanachitike. Seweroli linkatsagana nthawi zambiri ndi kuyimba kwapakhosi.

M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, akatswiri ndi osonkhanitsa nthano adachita chidwi ndi chida cha Chitata (Bashkir). Kurai adafufuzidwa mosamala, adafotokozedwa, adasankhidwa.

Mu 1998, Republican Kurai Union inakhazikitsidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba ku Ufa, cholinga chake chinali kukulitsa miyambo ya dziko, kusunga cholowa chauzimu, ndikuthandizira oimba omwe amadziwa luso la kuimba kurai.

Mitundu ya kurai

Kuphatikiza pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kurai, palinso zina zambiri zosinthidwa za kurai:

• Kopshe. Chitoliro chotseguka chautali chokhala ndi mabowo awiri. Zonsezi zili kutsogolo: choyamba ndi zala 2 kuchokera pansi, chotsatira ndi zala zisanu pamwamba.
• Agach. Chitoliro cha mluzu chamatabwa. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yodziwika bwino - mapulo, viburnum, mtedza. Chiwerengero cha mabowo ndi osiyana - 4-6. Kutalika - 25-30 cm.
• Mkuwa. Chida chowombera mluzu. Zopangira - mkuwa, siliva, aluminiyamu. The awiri a chitsanzo ndi 20-23 mm, thupi kutalika 26-26,5 cm. Chiwerengero cha mabowo ndi 7.
• Kazan. Chitoliro chotalika chooneka ngati koni. Maziko ali kale pamwamba ndi 10-15 mm. Kutalika konse ndi 58-80 cm. Mabowo a Play alipo mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 2, 5,6,7, XNUMX.
• Nogai. Longitudinal chitoliro chitoliro chokhala ndi mabowo awiri, kutalika kwa thupi 69 - 77,5 cm. Amaonedwa ngati mtundu wa kurai wachikazi.
• Kurai kuchokera ku udzu. Okonzeka ndi lilime, ndi wa gulu la aerophones. Maziko a thupi anali udzu wa mbewu phala. Chiwerengero cha mabowo chinadulidwa mwakufuna kwa woimba. Lilime laling'ono, pafupifupi masentimita 2 m'litali ndi mamilimita angapo m'lifupi, linadulidwa mu gawo lotsekedwa la udzu.

Mukuchita bwanji

Malinga ndi ma canon onse, chida chowerengeka chiyenera kupangidwa kuchokera kumitengo ya maambulera. Izi ndi zabwino:

• mngelo wamkulu;
• mphamvu;
• mtengo mtengo

Chomera chosankhidwa sichiyenera kukhala ndi zolakwika, zikhale zosalala, ngakhale kuchokera mkati ndi kunja. Nthawi yabwino yosonkhanitsa zinthu ndikutha kwa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Ogasiti, kutha kwa maluwa a zitsamba.

Chitsanzo chosankhidwa chimadulidwa pamizu, zouma bwino m'chipinda chotetezedwa ku kuwala. Kuyanika panja ndizotheka. Tsinde likangouma kwathunthu, limapatsidwa kutalika kofunikira, mabowo amadulidwa mumtengo wofunikira.

Concert Kurai amapangidwa kuchokera ku sliced ​​​​veneer. Ukadaulowu udakhala ndi zovomerezeka mu 1976, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kupanga zida m'mabizinesi ogulitsa. Njirayi sichitha nthawi yambiri, ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono komanso zamakono.

Momwe mungasewere kurai

Kusewera kurai kumafuna kulamulira bwino mpweya. Phokoso la kutalika kofunidwa limachotsedwa potseka (kutsegula) mabowo omwe ali pambali pa thupi. Kuchuluka kwa mabowo, kuchulukirachulukira kwa choimbiracho, kumakulitsa luso lake lotulutsa mawu.

Woimbayo amaika thupi pakati pa mano, ndikuphimba pang'ono ndi mlomo wapamwamba, ndikutsegula pang'ono mlomo wapansi, mosiyana. Nsonga ya lilime imakhala m'mphepete mwa chida. Pa Sewero, milomo sitseka, lilime silituluka m'mphepete. Mutha kuchita izi pophunzira zambiri, kuphunzitsidwa nthawi zonse.

Nyimbo zamtundu wa kurai zimatsagana ndi kuyimba kwapakhosi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito chida

Kurai ndi gawo la oimba a zida wamba, organically amawoneka mu ensembles kuchita Bashkir, Chitata nyimbo. Oyenera kuimba nyimbo zanyimbo, zovina. Chidacho nthawi zambiri chimakhala solo - mawu ake osangalatsa safunikira kuwonjezeredwa.