Herbert von Karajan (Herbert von Karajan) |

Herbert von Karajan

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Mmodzi mwa otsutsa odziwika bwino a nyimbo adamutcha Karayan "Chief Conductor of Europe". Ndipo dzinali ndi loona kawiri - kunena kwake, mu mawonekedwe ndi zomwe zili. Zowonadi: pazaka khumi ndi theka zapitazi, Karajan watsogolera oimba nyimbo zabwino kwambiri ku Europe: wakhala wotsogolera wamkulu wa London, Vienna ndi Berlin Philharmonic, Vienna Opera ndi La Scala ku Milan, zikondwerero zanyimbo ku Bayreuth, Salzburg. ndi Lucerne, Society of Friends of Music ku Vienna ... Karayan adagwira zambiri mwazolembazi nthawi imodzi, osakwanitsa kuwuluka pa ndege yake yamasewera kuchokera ku mzinda wina kupita ku umzake kuti athe kuyeserera, konsati, kusewera, kujambula pamarekodi. . Koma iye anatha kuchita zonsezi, ndipo, kuwonjezera, ankayenda mozama padziko lonse lapansi.

Komabe, tanthauzo la "wotsogolera wamkulu wa ku Europe" lili ndi tanthauzo lakuya. Kwa zaka zingapo tsopano, Karajan wasiya ntchito zake zambiri, akungoyang'ana pa kutsogolera Berlin Philharmonic ndi Salzburg Spring Chikondwerero, chomwe iye mwini adachikonza kuyambira 1967 komanso komwe adapanga zisudzo za Wagner ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri. Koma ngakhale tsopano palibe wochititsa pa kontinenti yathu, ndipo mwina padziko lonse (ndi zotheka kupatula L. Bernstein), amene akanatha kupikisana naye mu kutchuka ndi ulamuliro (ngati ife tikutanthauza otsogolera m'badwo wake) .

Karajan nthawi zambiri amafaniziridwa ndi Toscanini, ndipo pali zifukwa zambiri zofananira izi: otsogolera awiriwa amafanana kukula kwa luso lawo, kukula kwa kawonedwe kawo ka nyimbo, ndi kutchuka kwawo kwakukulu. Koma, mwinamwake, kufanana kwawo kwakukulu kungatengedwe kukhala kodabwitsa, nthawi zina kosamvetsetseka luso lokopa chidwi cha oimba ndi anthu, kuti apereke kwa iwo mafunde osawoneka opangidwa ndi nyimbo. (Izi zimamveka ngakhale muzojambula zojambulidwa.)

Kwa omvera, Karayan ndi wojambula wanzeru yemwe amawapatsa mphindi zokumana nazo kwambiri. Kwa iwo, Karajan ndi wotsogolera yemwe amawongolera mbali zonse za luso la nyimbo - kuchokera ku ntchito za Mozart ndi Haydn kupita ku nyimbo zamakono za Stravinsky ndi Shostakovich. Kwa iwo, Karayan ndi wojambula yemwe amachita mwanzeru mofanana pa siteji ya konsati komanso m'nyumba ya opera, kumene Karayan monga wotsogolera nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi Karayan monga wotsogolera siteji.

Karajan ndiyolondola kwambiri popereka mzimu ndi chilembo chilichonse. Koma masewero ake aliwonse amadziwika ndi chisindikizo chakuya cha umunthu wa wojambulayo, womwe ndi wamphamvu kwambiri moti umatsogolera osati oimba okha, komanso oimba nyimbo. Ndi manja a laconic, opanda chikoka chilichonse, nthawi zambiri amanyansidwa, "olimba", amaika gulu lililonse la ochestra ku chifuniro chake chosagonjetseka, amakoka omvera ndi chikhalidwe chake chamkati, amamuwululira kuya kwa filosofi ya nyimbo zazikuluzikulu za nyimbo. Ndipo pa nthawi ngati zimenezi, thupi lake laling'ono limaoneka lalikulu!

Ma opera ambiri adapangidwa ndi Karajan ku Vienna, Milan ndi mizinda ina. Kuwerengera mndandanda wa otsogolera kungatanthauze kukumbukira zabwino zonse zomwe zimapezeka m'mabuku oimba.

Tinganene zambiri ponena za kumasulira kwa Karajan kwa ntchito zapayekha. Ma symphonies ambiri, ndakatulo za symphonic ndi zidutswa za oimba ndi oimba a nyengo zosiyanasiyana ndi anthu adachitidwa m'makonsati ake, olembedwa ndi iye pa zolemba. Tiyeni tingotchula mayina owerengeka. Beethoven, Brahms, Bruckner, Mozart, Wagner, Verdi, Bizet, R. Strauss, Puccini - awa ndi olemba pa kutanthauzira kwa nyimbo zomwe luso la wojambula limawululidwa mokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, mwachitsanzo, ma concert a Karajan m'dziko lathu m'zaka za m'ma 60 kapena Verdi's Requiem, zomwe Karajan ku Moscow anachita ndi ojambula a Da Scala Theatre ku Milan adachita chidwi chosakumbukika kwa onse omwe adamumva.

Tinayesa kujambula chithunzi cha Karayan - momwe amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Inde, ichi ndi chithunzi chabe, chojambula chamzere: chithunzi cha kondakitala chimadzaza ndi mitundu yowoneka bwino mukamamvetsera nyimbo zake kapena nyimbo zake. Zatsala kuti tikumbukire chiyambi cha njira yopangira za ojambula ...

Karajan anabadwira ku Salzburg, mwana wa dokotala. Luso lake ndi chikondi chake pa nyimbo zidadziwonetsera koyambirira kotero kuti ali ndi zaka zisanu adachita poyera ngati woyimba piyano. Kenako Karajan anaphunzira pa Salzburg Mozarteum, ndipo mkulu wa sukulu yoimba nyimbo imeneyi, B. Paumgartner, anam’langiza kuti azichita. (Kufikira lerolino, Karajan akadali woyimba piyano wabwino kwambiri, ndipo nthaŵi zina amaimba piyano ndi zidutswa za zeze.) Chiyambire 1927, woimba wachichepereyo wakhala akugwira ntchito monga kondakitala, choyamba mu mzinda wa Austria wa Ulm, ndiyeno ku Aachen, kumene anakhala mmodzi wa oimba nyimbo. omaliza maphunziro apamwamba kwambiri ku Germany. Kumapeto kwa zaka makumi atatu, wojambulayo adasamukira ku Berlin ndipo posakhalitsa adatenga udindo wa kondakitala wamkulu wa Opera ya Berlin.

Nkhondo itatha, kutchuka kwa Karajan posakhalitsa kunadutsa malire a Germany - kenaka anayamba kumutcha "wotsogolera wamkulu wa ku Ulaya" ...

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969