Luigi Cherubini |

Luigi Cherubini

Mu 1818, L. Beethoven, poyankha funso lakuti amene tsopano ali wopeka kwambiri (kupatula Beethoven mwiniwake), anati: “Cherubini.” "Munthu wapadera" adatcha katswiri wa ku Italy G. Verdi. Ntchito za Cherubiniev zinayamikiridwa ndi R. Schumann ndi R. Wagner. Brahms anali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi nyimbo za Cherubini, zomwe zimatchedwa opera "Medea" "ntchito yokongola", yomwe adagwidwa modabwitsa. Anapatsidwa ngongole ndi F. Liszt ndi G. Berlioz - akatswiri ojambula zithunzi, omwe, komabe, analibe ubale wabwino kwambiri ndi Cherubini: Cherubini (monga wotsogolera) sanalole kuti woyamba (monga mlendo) aphunzire ku Paris. Conservatory, ngakhale adalandira yachiwiri makoma ake, koma sanakonde.

Cherubini adalandira maphunziro ake oimba nyimbo motsogozedwa ndi abambo ake, Bartolomeo Cherubini, komanso B. ndi A. Felici, P. Bizzari, J. Castrucci. Cherubini anapitiriza maphunziro ake ku Bologna ndi G. Sarti, wotchuka kwambiri wopeka, mphunzitsi, ndi mlembi wa nyimbo ndi nthano ntchito. Polankhulana ndi wojambula wamkulu, woimba wachinyamatayo amamvetsetsa luso lovuta la counterpoint (polyphonic polyphonic writing). Pang'onopang'ono ndikuzidziwa bwino, amalowa nawo mchitidwe wamoyo: amaphunzira mitundu ya tchalitchi cha misa, litany, motet, komanso mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya opera-seria ndi opera-buffa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiteji a mzinda wa opera ndi siteji. Malamulo amachokera ku mizinda ya ku Italy (Livorno, Florence, Rome, Venice. Mantua, Turin), ochokera ku London - pano Cherubini akutumikira monga woimba wa khoti mu 1784-86. Luso la woimba analandira kuzindikira lonse European ku Paris, kumene Cherubini anakhazikika mu 1788.

Moyo wake wonse wopitilira komanso njira yolenga ikugwirizana ndi France. Cherubini ndi munthu wodziwika mu French Revolution, kubadwa kwa Paris Conservatory (1795) kumalumikizidwa ndi dzina lake. Woimbayo adapereka mphamvu zambiri ndi luso ku bungwe lake ndi kukonza: choyamba monga woyang'anira, ndiye pulofesa, ndipo potsiriza monga wotsogolera (1821-41). Pakati pa ophunzira ake pali olemba nyimbo zazikulu F. Ober ndi F. Halevi. Cherubini anasiya ntchito zingapo za sayansi ndi njira; izi zidathandizira kupanga ndi kulimbikitsa ulamuliro wa Conservatory, womwe pamapeto pake unakhala chitsanzo cha maphunziro aukadaulo kwa masukulu achichepere ku Europe.

Cherubini anasiya chuma chambiri choimba. Iye sanangopereka ulemu kwa pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya nyimbo zamakono, komanso adathandizira kupanga zatsopano.

M'zaka za m'ma 1790 pamodzi ndi anthu a m'nthawi yake - F. Gossec, E. Megul, I. Pleyel, J. Lesueur, A. Jaden, A. Burton, B. Sarret - woimbayo amapanga nyimbo ndi nyimbo, maulendo, kusewera maulendo olemekezeka, zikondwerero, miyambo yamaliro Revolutions ("Republican Song", "Hymn to the Brotherhood", "Hymn to the Pantheon", etc.).

Komabe, kupambana kwakukulu kwa kulenga kwa woimbayo, komwe kunatsimikizira malo a wojambula m'mbiri ya chikhalidwe cha nyimbo, kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi nyumba ya opera. Cherubini opera m'ma 1790 ndi zaka makumi angapo zoyambirira zazaka za zana la XNUMX. fotokozani mwachidule mbali zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za seria ya ku Italy, tsoka lanyimbo lachifalansa (mtundu wanyimbo zabwino kwambiri zamakhothi), zisudzo zaku France komanso sewero laposachedwa la wokonzanso zisudzo KV Gluck. Amalengeza kubadwa kwa mtundu watsopano wa opera: "Opera of Salvation" - ntchito yodzaza ndi zochitika zomwe zimalemekeza kulimbana ndi chiwawa ndi nkhanza za ufulu ndi chilungamo.

Zinali zisudzo za Cherubini zomwe zinathandiza Beethoven posankha mutu waukulu ndi chiwembu cha opera yake yokha komanso yotchuka Fidelio, mu chikhalidwe chake cha nyimbo. Timazindikira mawonekedwe awo mu sewero la G. Spontini la The Vestal Virgin, lomwe linali chiyambi cha nyengo ya zisudzo zazikulu zachikondi.

Kodi ntchito zimenezi zimatchedwa chiyani? Lodoiska (1791), Eliza (1794), Masiku Awiri (kapena Wonyamula Madzi, 1800). Osatchuka kwambiri masiku ano ndi Medea (1797), Faniska (1806), Abenseraghi (1813), omwe zilembo zake ndi zithunzi zanyimbo zimatikumbutsa zambiri zamasewera, nyimbo ndi zida za KM Weber, F. Schubert, F. Mendelssohn.

Nyimbo za Cherubini zinali ndi zaka za m'ma 30. mphamvu yaikulu yochititsa chidwi, monga umboni wa chidwi cha oimba Russian: M. Glinka, A. Serov, A. Rubinstein, V. Odoevsky. Wolemba wa ma opera a 6, ma quartets 77, ma symphonies, 2 romances, 11 requiems (mmodzi wa iwo - mu C wamng'ono - adachitidwa pamaliro a Beethoven, yemwe adawona mu ntchitoyi yekha chitsanzo chotheka), misa XNUMX, motets, antiphons ndi ntchito zina, Cherubini sayiwalika m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Nyimbo zake zimachitidwa pazigawo zabwino kwambiri za opera ndi masiteji, olembedwa pa galamafoni.

S. Rytsarev