Pierre Gaviniès |

Pierre Gavinies

Mmodzi mwa oyimba violin ku France azaka za m'ma 1789 anali Pierre Gavignier. Fayol amamuyika limodzi ndi Corelli, Tartini, Punyani ndi Viotti, akupereka chithunzi chosiyana cha mbiri yake. Lionel de la Laurencie amapereka mutu wonse kwa Gavinier mu mbiri ya chikhalidwe cha violin yaku France. Zolemba zingapo zidalembedwa za iye ndi ofufuza aku France azaka za XNUMX-XNUMX. Chidwi chowonjezereka ku Gavigne sichinangochitika mwangozi. Ndiwodziwika kwambiri mugulu la Enlightenment lomwe lidawonetsa mbiri ya chikhalidwe cha ku France mu theka lachiwiri lazaka za zana la XNUMX. Atayamba ntchito yake panthawi yomwe absolutism yaku France idawoneka yosagwedezeka, Gavignier adawona kugwa kwake mu XNUMX.

Mnzake wa Jean-Jacques Rousseau komanso wotsatira kwambiri filosofi ya olemba mabukuwa, omwe ziphunzitso zawo zinawononga maziko a malingaliro a anthu olemekezeka ndikuthandizira kuti dziko lisinthe, Gavignier adakhala mboni ndi kutenga nawo mbali pa "nkhondo" zowopsya. luso, lomwe linasintha moyo wake wonse kuchokera ku rococo wolemekezeka kwambiri kupita ku zisudzo zochititsa chidwi za Gluck ndi kupitirira apo - kupita ku mbiri yakale yachitukuko ya nthawi yachisinthiko. Iyenso adayenda njira yomweyi, akuyankha mwachidwi ku chilichonse chomwe chikupita patsogolo. Kuyambira ndi ntchito za kalembedwe kolimba, adafikira ndakatulo za sentimentalist zamtundu wa Rousseau, sewero la Gluck ndi zinthu za ngwazi za classicism. Anadziŵikanso ndi khalidwe lolingalira bwino la akatswiri a ku France, omwe, malinga ndi Buquin, "amapatsa chidwi chapadera ku nyimbo, monga gawo lofunikira la chikhumbo chachikulu cha nthawi zakale."

Pierre Gavignier anabadwa pa May 11, 1728 ku Bordeaux. bambo ake, Francois Gavinier, anali luso zida, ndi mnyamata kwenikweni anakulira pakati pa zida zoimbira. Mu 1734 banja anasamukira ku Paris. Panthawiyo Pierre anali ndi zaka 6. Ndani kwenikweni amene adaphunzira ndi violin sakudziwika. Zolemba zimangowonetsa kuti mu 1741, Gavignier wazaka 13 adapereka makonsati awiri (wachiwiri pa Seputembara 8) muholo ya Concert Spirituel. Lorancey, komabe, amakhulupirira kuti ntchito ya nyimbo ya Gavignier inayamba chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri m'mbuyomo, chifukwa achinyamata osadziwika sakanaloledwa kuchita mu holo yotchuka ya konsati. Kuonjezera apo, mu konsati yachiwiri, Gavinier adasewera limodzi ndi woimba nyimbo wotchuka wa ku France L. Abbe (mwana) Leclerc's Sonata kwa ma violin awiri, omwe ndi umboni wina wa kutchuka kwa woimbayo. Makalata a Cartier ali ndi mawu ofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane: mu konsati yoyamba, Gavignier adapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake ndi ma caprice a Locatelli ndi concerto ya F. Geminiani. Cartier amanena kuti wopeka, amene anali mu Paris pa nthawi imeneyo, ankafuna kuti apereke ntchito ya concerto yekha Gavignier, ngakhale unyamata wake.

Pambuyo pa sewero la 1741, dzina la Gavignier lizimiririka pazithunzi za Concert Spirituel mpaka kumapeto kwa 1748. Kenako amapereka zoimbaimba ndi ntchito yaikulu mpaka 1753. amatsatira. Ambiri mwa olemba mbiri yake amanena kuti adakakamizika kuchoka ku Paris mobisa chifukwa cha nkhani yachikondi, koma, asananyamuke kupita ku masewera a 1753, adamangidwa ndikukhala m'ndende chaka chonse. Maphunziro a Lorancey samatsimikizira nkhaniyi, koma samatsutsanso. M'malo mwake, kuzimiririka modabwitsa kwa woyimba violini ku Paris kumagwira ntchito ngati chitsimikiziro cha izi. Malinga ndi Laurency, izi zikhoza kuchitika pakati pa 1759 ndi 4. Nthawi yoyamba (1753-1759) inabweretsa Gavignier kutchuka kwambiri mu nyimbo za Paris. Othandizana nawo m'masewera ndi ochita masewera akuluakulu monga Pierre Guignon, L. Abbe (mwana), Jean-Baptiste Dupont, woimba nyimbo Blavet, woimba Mademoiselle Fell, yemwe adachita naye mobwerezabwereza Concerto yachiwiri ya Mondonville ya Violin ndi Voice ndi Orchestra. Iye amapikisana bwino ndi Gaetano Pugnani, amene anabwera ku Paris mu 1748. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, mawu ena otsutsa iye anali kumvekabe panthaŵiyo. Choncho, mu ndemanga imodzi ya 1759, adalangizidwa kuti "ayende" kuti apititse patsogolo luso lake. Maonekedwe atsopano a Gavignier pa siteji ya konsati pa April 1753, 1752 potsiriza anatsimikizira malo ake otchuka pakati pa oimba nyimbo za ku France ndi ku Ulaya. Kuyambira tsopano, ndemanga zokondweretsa zokha zimawonekera za iye; amafanizidwa ndi Leclerc, Punyani, Ferrari; Viotti, atamvetsera masewera a Gavignier, anamutcha "French Tartini".

Ntchito zake zimawunikidwanso bwino. Kutchuka kodabwitsa, komwe kudapitilira theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 1759, kudapezedwa ndi Romance yake ya Violin, yomwe adayichita molowera mwapadera. Romance idatchulidwa koyamba pakuwunika kwa XNUMX, koma kale ngati sewero lomwe lakopa omvera: "Monsieur Gavignier adachita konsati ya nyimbo zake. Omverawo anamvetsera kwa iye mwakachetechete ndipo anawomba m’manja kaŵiri, kupempha kuti abwerezenso chikondicho. Mu ntchito ya Gavignier ya nthawi yoyamba panali zinthu zambiri za kalembedwe gallant, koma mu Romance panali kutembenukira kwa kalembedwe kanyimbo kamene kanatsogolera ku sentimentalism ndipo kunawuka ngati kutsutsana ndi kumveka bwino kwa Rococo.

Kuyambira 1760, Gavignier anayamba kufalitsa ntchito zake. Woyamba wa iwo ndi mndandanda wa "6 Sonatas kwa Violin Solo ndi Bass", woperekedwa kwa Baron Lyatan, mkulu wa asilikali a ku France. Mwachidziwitso, m'malo mwa ziganizo zokwezeka komanso zowoneka bwino zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatengera kuyambika kwamtunduwu, Gavignier amadziika yekha ku ulemu wobisika m'mawu awa: "Chinachake mu ntchitoyi chimandilola kuganiza mokhutitsidwa kuti mudzavomera ngati umboni. maganizo anga enieni pa inu” . Ponena za zolemba za Gavignier, otsutsa amawona kuti amatha kusinthasintha mosalekeza mutu wosankhidwa, kuwonetsa zonse mwanjira yatsopano komanso yatsopano.

Ndizofunikira kuti pofika zaka za m'ma 60 zokonda za alendo ochezera holo zinali kusintha kwambiri. Chidwi choyambirira ndi "mawonekedwe okongola" a kalembedwe ka Rococo kolimba komanso kovutirapo kakutha, ndipo kukopa kokulirapo kumawu akuwululidwa. Mu Concert Spirituel, limba Balbair amachita concertos ndi makonzedwe ambiri a lyric zidutswa, pamene Zeze Hochbrücker amachita zolembedwa wake kwa zeze wa mawu minuet Exode, etc. Ndipo mu kayendedwe ka Rococo kuti sentimentalism wa classicist mtundu, Gavignier wotanganidwa kutali ndi malo otsiriza.

Mu 1760, Gavinier amayesa (kamodzi kokha) kuti apange zisudzo. Adalemba nyimbo za sewero lamasewera la Riccoboni "Imaginary" ("Le Pretendu"). Zinalembedwa za nyimbo zake kuti ngakhale sizinali zatsopano, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi ma ritornellos amphamvu, kumverera kozama mu trios ndi quartets, ndi piquant zosiyanasiyana mu Arias.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60, oimba odabwitsa Kaneran, Joliveau ndi Dovergne adasankhidwa kukhala otsogolera a Concert Spirituel. Ndikufika kwawo, zochitika za konsati iyi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Mitundu yatsopano ikukula mosalekeza, yokonzekera tsogolo labwino - symphony. Pamutu wa oimba ndi Gavignier, monga bandmaster wa violin woyamba, ndi wophunzira wake Capron - wachiwiri. Gulu loimba limakhala losinthasintha kotero kuti, malinga ndi magazini ya nyimbo ya ku Paris ya Mercury, sikofunikiranso kusonyeza chiyambi cha muyeso uliwonse ndi uta poimba nyimbo za symphonies.

Mawu ogwidwa mawu kwa owerenga amakono amafuna kufotokozera. Kuyambira nthawi ya Lully ku France, osati mu opera, komanso mu Concert Spirituel, gulu la oimba linkalamulidwa mosasunthika ndi kumenyana ndi ndodo yapadera, yotchedwa battuta. Idakhalapo mpaka zaka za m'ma 70. Wotsogolera sewero lachifalansa amatchedwa "batteur de mesure" mu opera yaku France. Phokoso losautsa la trampoline linamveka m’holo yonseyo, ndipo anthu a ku Paris osasunthikawo anapatsa wochititsa operayo dzina lakuti “wotema nkhuni.” Mwa njira, kumenya nthawi ndi battuta kunachititsa imfa ya Lully, yemwe anavulaza mwendo wake ndi izo, zomwe zinayambitsa magazi poizoni. Mu nthawi ya Gavignier, mtundu wakale uwu wa utsogoleri wa orchestra unayamba kuzimiririka, makamaka pakuyimba kwa symphonic. Ntchito za woyendetsa, monga lamulo, zinayamba kuchitidwa ndi wothandizira - violinist, yemwe adawonetsa chiyambi cha bar ndi uta. Ndipo tsopano mawu akuti "Mercury" amamveka bwino. Ophunzitsidwa ndi Gavignier ndi Kapron, oimba oimba sanafunikire osati kuchititsa battuta, komanso kusonyeza kugunda ndi uta: oimba anasanduka gulu langwiro.

M'zaka za m'ma 60, Gavinier monga wojambula ali pachimake cha kutchuka. Ndemanga zimazindikira mawonekedwe apadera a mawu ake, kumasuka kwa luso laukadaulo. Osachepera kuyamikiridwa Gavignier komanso ngati wolemba. Komanso, panthawiyi, adayimira njira zapamwamba kwambiri, pamodzi ndi Gossec wamng'ono ndi Duport, akutsegula njira ya kalembedwe kachikale mu nyimbo za ku France.

Gossec, Capron, Duport, Gavignier, Boccherini, ndi Manfredi, omwe ankakhala ku Paris mu 1768, anapanga gulu lapafupi lomwe nthawi zambiri linkakumana mu salon ya Baron Ernest von Bagge. Chithunzi cha Baron Bagge ndichodabwitsa kwambiri. Uwu unali mtundu wamba wodziwika bwino m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, yemwe adapanga malo ochitira nyimbo kunyumba kwake, wotchuka ku Paris. Pokhala ndi chikoka chachikulu pagulu komanso kulumikizana, adathandizira oimba ambiri omwe akufuna kuyimirira. Saluni ya baron inali ngati "gawo loyesa", kudutsa kumene ochita masewerawo adapeza "Concert Spirituel". Komabe, oimba otchuka a ku Paris adakopeka naye kwambiri ndi maphunziro ake a encyclopedic. N'zosadabwitsa kuti bwalo anasonkhana mu salon yake, kuwala ndi mayina a oimba kwambiri Paris. Woyang'anira wina wa zaluso zamtundu womwewo anali waku banki waku Paris La Poupliniere. Gavignier nayenso anali naye paubwenzi. “Pupliner anatenga yekha makonsati abwino koposa a nyimbo amene anali kudziwika panthaŵiyo; oimba ankakhala naye ndi kukonzekera pamodzi m'mawa, modabwitsa mwamtendere, ma symphonies omwe ankayenera kuchitidwa madzulo. Oimba onse aluso ochokera ku Italy, oimba, oimba ndi oimba analandiridwa, anaikidwa m'nyumba yake, kumene amadyetsedwa, ndipo aliyense anayesa kuwala pamasewera ake.

Mu 1763, Gavignier anakumana Leopold Mozart, amene anafika kuno ku Paris, woyimba zeze wotchuka kwambiri, mlembi wa sukulu wotchuka, anamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri European. Mozart adalankhula za iye ngati virtuoso wamkulu. Kutchuka kwa Gavignier monga wolemba nyimbo kungayesedwe ndi chiwerengero cha ntchito zake zomwe anachita. Nthawi zambiri adaphatikizidwa m'mapulogalamu a Bert (March 29, 1765, March 11, April 4 ndi September 24, 1766), woyimba zeze wakhungu Flitzer, Alexander Dön, ndi ena. M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, kutchuka kwamtunduwu sikuchitika kawirikawiri.

Pofotokoza khalidwe la Gavinier, Lorancey analemba kuti anali wolemekezeka, woona mtima, wokoma mtima komanso wopanda nzeru. Chotsatirachi chinawonekera bwino pokhudzana ndi nkhani yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ku Paris kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60 zokhudzana ndi ntchito zachifundo za Bachelier. Mu 1766, Bachelier adaganiza zokhazikitsa sukulu yojambula, yomwe amisiri achichepere a Paris, omwe analibe njira, adatha kulandira maphunziro. Gavignier anatenga gawo lachangu pakupanga sukulu. Anapanga makonsati 5 omwe adakopa oimba odziwika bwino; Legros, Duran, Besozzi, komanso, gulu lalikulu la oimba. Ndalama zomwe zapezeka pamakonsati zidapita ku thumba la sukulu. Monga "Mercury" adalemba, "azojambula anzanga adagwirizana pakuchita zinthu zolemekezeka." Muyenera kudziwa makhalidwe omwe analipo pakati pa oimba a m'zaka za m'ma XVIII kuti amvetse momwe zinalili zovuta kuti Gavinier apereke zopereka zotere. Ndipotu, Gavignier anakakamiza anzake kuti athetse tsankho la kudzipatula kwa anthu oimba ndikuthandizira abale awo mu luso lachilendo.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 70, pa moyo wa Gavignier panachitika zochitika zazikulu: imfa ya abambo ake, omwe anamwalira pa September 27, 1772, ndipo posakhalitsa - pa March 28, 1773 - ndi amayi ake. Panthawiyi, nkhani zachuma za "Concert Spirituel" zidagwera pansi ndipo Gavignier, pamodzi ndi Le Duc ndi Gossec, adasankhidwa kukhala otsogolera bungwe. Ngakhale kuti anali ndi chisoni, Gavinier anayamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama. Otsogolera atsopanowa adapeza pangano labwino kuchokera ku mzinda wa Paris ndikulimbitsa gulu la oimba. Gavignier anatsogolera violin yoyamba, Le Duc wachiwiri. Pa Marichi 25, 1773, konsati yoyamba yokonzedwa ndi utsogoleri watsopano wa Concert Spirituel inachitika.

Atalandira cholowa cha makolo ake, Gavignier anasonyezanso makhalidwe ake chibadwidwe wa wonyamula siliva ndi munthu wosowa wauzimu kukoma mtima. Bambo ake, opanga zida, anali ndi kasitomala wamkulu ku Paris. Panali ndalama zokwanira zolipira zomwe sizinalipidwe kuchokera kwa omwe anali ndi ngongole m'mapepala a wakufayo. Gavinier anawaponya pamoto. Malinga ndi anthu a m'nthawi imeneyo, izi zinali zosasamala, chifukwa pakati pa omwe anali ndi ngongole sanali osauka okha omwe amavutika kulipira ngongole, komanso olemera omwe sanafune kuwalipira.

Kumayambiriro kwa 1777, pambuyo pa imfa ya Le Duc, Gavignier ndi Gossec anasiya utsogoleri wa Concert Spirituel. Komabe, mavuto aakulu azachuma ankawayembekezera: chifukwa cha vuto la woimba Legros, kuchuluka kwa mgwirizano wobwereketsa ndi mzinda wa Paris Bureau kunawonjezeka kufika pa 6000 livres, chifukwa cha malonda apachaka a Concert. Gavignier, yemwe adawona kuti chigamulochi chinali chosalungama komanso mwachipongwe, adalipira mamembala a orchestra zonse zomwe anali nazo mpaka kumapeto kwa utsogoleri wake, akukana chindapusa chake pamakonsati 5 omaliza. Chotsatira chake chinali chakuti anapuma pa ntchito popanda njira iliyonse yopezera zofunika pa moyo. Anapulumutsidwa ku umphawi ndi ndalama zosayembekezereka za 1500 livres, zomwe zinaperekedwa kwa iye ndi Madame de la Tour, wokonda kwambiri luso lake. Komabe, annuity inaperekedwa mu 1789, ndipo ngati iye anailandira pamene kusinthaku kunayamba sikudziwika. Mwinamwake ayi, chifukwa adatumikira mu oimba a Theatre ya Rue Louvois kwa malipiro a 800 livres pachaka - ndalama zochulukirapo kuposa zochepa panthawiyo. Komabe, Gavignier sanazindikire kuti udindo wake ndi wochititsa manyazi ndipo sanataye mtima.

Pakati pa oimba a Paris Gavignier anali ndi ulemu waukulu ndi chikondi. Kumayambiriro kwa kusinthaku, ophunzira ake ndi abwenzi adaganiza zokonzekera konsati yolemekeza okalamba ndipo adayitana akatswiri a zisudzo kuti achite izi. Panalibe munthu mmodzi yemwe akanakana kuchita: oimba, ovina, mpaka Gardel ndi Vestris, anapereka mautumiki awo. Iwo adapanga pulogalamu yayikulu ya konsati, pambuyo pake sewero la ballet Telemak limayenera kuchitidwa. Chilengezocho chinasonyeza kuti "Chikondi" chodziwika bwino cha Gavinier, chomwe chidakali pamilomo ya aliyense, chidzaseweredwa. Pulogalamu yopulumuka ya konsatiyi ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Mulinso "symphony yatsopano ya Haydn", manambala angapo a mawu ndi zida. Symphony ya konsati ya violin awiri ndi oimba adayimba ndi "abale a Kreutzer" - Rodolphe wotchuka ndi mchimwene wake Jean-Nicolas, yemwenso ndi woimba nyimbo zaluso.

M’chaka chachitatu cha chisinthiko, Msonkhanowu unapereka ndalama zambiri zothandizira asayansi odziwika bwino komanso akatswiri aluso a Republic. Gavignier, limodzi ndi Monsigny, Puto, Martini, anali m’gulu la anthu olandira penshoni paudindo woyamba, amene anali kulipidwa ma livre 3000 pachaka.

Pa 18 Brumaire wa chaka cha 8 cha Republic (November 1793, 1784), National Institute of Music (future Conservatory) idakhazikitsidwa ku Paris. The Institute, titero, adalandira Royal School of Singing, yomwe idakhalapo kuyambira 1794. Kumayambiriro kwa XNUMX Gavignier adapatsidwa udindo wa pulofesa woimba violin. Iye anakhalabe pa udindo umenewu mpaka imfa yake. Gavinier anadzipereka kuphunzitsa mwakhama ndipo, ngakhale kuti anali wokalamba, adapeza mphamvu zoyendetsera ndikukhala pakati pa oweruza kuti agawire mphoto pamipikisano yosungiramo zinthu zakale.

Monga woyimba zeze, Gavignier adasungabe luso mpaka masiku otsiriza. Chaka chimodzi asanamwalire, adalemba "24 matine" - maphunziro otchuka, omwe akuphunziridwabe m'mabwalo osungira zinthu masiku ano. Gavignier adazichita tsiku ndi tsiku, komabe ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zopezeka kwa oyimba zeze omwe ali ndi njira yotukuka kwambiri.

Gavignier anamwalira pa September 8, 1800. Musical Paris analira imfa imeneyi. Malo a maliro adapezeka ndi Gossek, Megul, Cherubini, Martini, omwe adabwera kudzapereka ulemu wawo womaliza kwa mnzake wakufayo. Gossek adapereka ulemu. Motero inatha moyo wa mmodzi wa violinists wamkulu wa XVIII atumwi.

Gavignier anali kufa atazunguliridwa ndi abwenzi, osilira ndi ophunzira m'nyumba yake yocheperako ku Rue Saint-Thomas, pafupi ndi Louvre. Iye ankakhala pansanjika yachiwiri m’nyumba ya zipinda ziwiri. Zipangizo zomwe zinali m'kholamo zinali ndi sutikesi yakale yoyendera (yopanda kanthu), choyimbira nyimbo, mipando ingapo ya udzu, chipinda chaching'ono; m'chipinda chogona munali tebulo lovala chimney, zoyikapo nyali zamkuwa, tebulo laling'ono lamatabwa, mlembi, sofa, mipando inayi ndi mipando yokwezedwa ku Utrecht velvet, ndi bedi lopemphapempha: sofa yakale yokhala ndi misana iwiri, yokutidwa. ndi nsalu. Katundu yense sanali wokwanira 75 francs.

Kumbali ya moto, panalinso chipinda chokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zowunjika mulu - makola, masitonkeni, ma medallions awiri okhala ndi zithunzi za Rousseau ndi Voltaire, "Zoyeserera" za Montaigne, ndi zina, golide, ndi chithunzi cha Henry. IV, winayo ali ndi chithunzi cha Jean-Jacques Rousseau. M'chipindacho mumagwiritsidwa ntchito zinthu zamtengo wapatali pa 49 francs. Chuma chachikulu kwambiri pacholowa chonse cha Gavignier ndi violin yolembedwa ndi Amati, violin 4 ndi viola ndi abambo ake.

Mbiri ya Gavinier ikuwonetsa kuti anali ndi luso lapadera lokopa akazi. Zinkaoneka kuti “ankakhala nawo ndi kuwakhalira moyo.” Komanso, iye nthawizonse anakhalabe French weniweni mu mtima wake chivalrous kwa akazi. M'malo osuliza komanso oyipa, omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu aku France azaka zisanachitike chisinthiko, m'malo omasuka, Gavignier anali wosiyana. Anasiyanitsidwa ndi khalidwe lonyada komanso lodziimira payekha. Maphunziro apamwamba ndi malingaliro owala zidamufikitsa pafupi ndi anthu aunikiridwa a nthawiyo. Nthawi zambiri ankawoneka m'nyumba ya Pupliner, Baron Bagge, ndi Jean-Jacques Rousseau, yemwe anali naye paubwenzi. Fayol akunena zoseketsa za izi.

Rousseau adayamikira kwambiri zokambirana ndi woimbayo. Tsiku lina anati: “Gavinier, ndikudziwa kuti umakonda ma cutlets; Ndikukuitanani kuti mulawe.” Atafika ku Rousseau, Gavinier adamupeza akukazinga cutlets kwa mlendo ndi manja ake. Laurency akugogomezera kuti aliyense ankadziwa bwino mmene zinalili zovuta kwa Rousseau yemwe nthawi zambiri ankacheza ndi anthu kuti azicheza ndi anthu.

Kuopsa koopsa kwa Gavinier nthawi zina kunkamupangitsa kukhala wosalungama, wokwiya, wokwiya, koma zonsezi zinkaphimbidwa ndi kukoma mtima kwakukulu, ulemu, ndi kulabadira. Iye anayesa kuthandiza aliyense wosoŵa ndipo anachita zimenezo mopanda chidwi. Kuyankha kwake kunali kodziwikiratu, ndipo kukoma mtima kwake kunawonedwa ndi anthu onse okhala naye. Anathandiza ena ndi malangizo, ena ndi ndalama, ndipo ena pomaliza mapangano opindulitsa. Makhalidwe ake - okondwa, omasuka, ochezeka - adakhalabe choncho mpaka atakalamba. Kung’ung’udza kwa mkuluyo kunalibe khalidwe lake. Zinam'patsa chikhutiro chenicheni popereka ulemu kwa akatswiri ojambula achichepere, anali ndi malingaliro ochulukirapo, kuzindikira nthawi yabwino komanso zatsopano zomwe zidabweretsa luso lake lokonda.

Ali m'mawa uliwonse. odzipereka ku pedagogy; anagwira ntchito ndi ophunzira ndi chipiriro chodabwitsa, chipiriro, changu. Ophunzirawo ankamukonda ndipo sanaphonye phunziro limodzi. Anawathandiza m'njira iliyonse, ndikuyika chikhulupiriro mwa iyemwini, kupambana, m'tsogolomu zaluso. Ataona munthu wodziwa kuimba, ankamutenga ngati wophunzira ngakhale zinali zovuta bwanji kwa iye. Atangomva Alexander Bush wamng'ono, adanena kwa abambo ake kuti: "Mwana uyu ndi chozizwitsa chenicheni, ndipo adzakhala mmodzi mwa ojambula oyambirira a nthawi yake. Ndipatseni ine. Ndikufuna kutsogolera maphunziro ake kuti athandize kukulitsa luso lake loyambirira, ndipo ntchito yanga idzakhala yophweka, chifukwa moto wopatulika ukuyaka mwa iye.

Kusaganizira kwake kotheratu ndalama kunakhudzanso ophunzira ake: “Sanavomerepo kutenga chindapusa kwa awo odzipereka ku nyimbo. Komanso, nthawi zonse ankakonda ophunzira osauka kuposa olemera, omwe nthawi zina ankadikirira kwa maola angapo mpaka iye atamaliza maphunziro ake ndi wojambula wina wachinyamata wopanda ndalama.

Nthawi zonse ankaganizira za wophunzirayo komanso tsogolo lake, ndipo akaona kuti munthu wina sangathe kuimba violin, ankayesetsa kumusamutsira ku chida china. Ambiri ankasungidwa pa ndalama zawozawo ndipo nthaŵi zonse, mwezi uliwonse, ankaperekedwa ndi ndalama. Nzosadabwitsa kuti mphunzitsi woteroyo anakhala woyambitsa wa sukulu yonse ya oimba violin. Tidzatchula anzeru kwambiri, omwe mayina awo anali odziwika kwambiri m'zaka za XVIII. Awa ndi Capron, Lemierre, Mauriat, Bertom, Pasible, Le Duc (wamkulu), Abbé Robineau, Guerin, Baudron, Imbo.

Gavinier wojambulayo adasiyidwa ndi oimba otchuka a ku France. Pamene L. Daken anali ndi zaka 24 zokha, sanalembe mawu oti dithyrambic ponena za iye. Uta bwanji! Mphamvu zake, chisomo! Uyu ndi Baptiste mwiniwake. Adandigwira mtima wanga wonse, ndasangalala! Amalankhula ndi mtima; zonse zimanyezimira pansi pa zala zake. Amapanga nyimbo za ku Italy ndi ku France ndi ungwiro wofanana ndi chidaliro. Zowoneka bwino bwanji! Ndipo malingaliro ake, okhudza mtima ndi achifundo? Kodi nkhata zamaluwa za laurel, kuwonjezera pa zokongola kwambiri, zakhala zilumikizidwe mpaka liti kukongoletsa nsonga zazing'ono zotere? Palibe chosatheka kwa iye, akhoza kutsanzira chirichonse (ie kumvetsa masitayelo onse - LR). Akhoza kudziposa yekha. Paris onse amabwera akuthamanga kuti amumvetsere ndipo samamva mokwanira, ali wokondwa kwambiri. Za iye, tinganene kuti talente sikudikira mithunzi ya zaka ... "

Ndipo nayi ndemanga ina, yocheperapo dithyrambic: “Gavinier kuyambira kubadwa ali ndi mikhalidwe yonse yomwe woyimba zeze angafune: kukoma kosangalatsa, luso lamanzere ndi uta; amawerenga bwino kwambiri pa pepala, momasuka modabwitsa amamvetsetsa mitundu yonse, komanso, sizimamutengera kalikonse kuti adziwe njira zovuta kwambiri, zomwe ena amathera nthawi yayitali akuphunzira. Kusewera kwake kumaphatikiza masitayelo onse, kukhudza kukongola kwa kamvekedwe, kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito.

Za luso lodabwitsa la Gavinier kuti achite ntchito zovuta kwambiri zimatchulidwa m'mbiri yonse. Tsiku lina, munthu wina wa ku Italy, atafika ku Paris, anaganiza zosiya kuimba voolini. M'ntchito yake, adagwira nawo amalume ake, a Marquis N. Pamaso pa kampani yayikulu yomwe idasonkhana madzulo kwa Pupliner wachuma waku Paris, yemwe adasungabe gulu loimba lopambana, a Marquis adalimbikitsa Gavignier kuti aziimba konsati yomwe idaperekedwa mwapadera kuti achite izi. ndi wolemba wina, wovuta kwambiri, ndipo pambali pake, adalembanso mwadala moyipa. Poyang'ana zolembazo, Gavignier adapempha kuti akonzenso ntchitoyo tsiku lotsatira. Kenaka marquis ananena modabwitsa kuti iye anapenda pempho la woyimba zeze “monga kuthaŵirako kwa awo amene amadzinenera kukhala okhoza kuimba pang’onopang’ono nyimbo iliyonse imene akupereka.” Kupweteka Gavignier, popanda kunena mawu, anatenga violin ndi kuimba concerto mosazengereza, popanda cholemba chimodzi. A Marquis adayenera kuvomereza kuti machitidwewo anali abwino kwambiri. Komabe, Gavignier sanakhazikike mtima ndipo, potembenukira kwa oimba omwe adatsagana naye, adati: "Amuna, Monsieur Marquis adandisangalatsa chifukwa cha momwe ndimamupangira konsati, koma ndili ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi malingaliro a Monsieur Marquis pamene Ndimasewera ndekha ntchito imeneyi. Yambiraninso!” Ndipo adasewera concerto m'njira yoti izi, ponseponse, ntchito yocheperako idawonekera mu kuwala kwatsopano, kosinthika. Kunamveka bingu la kuwomba m'manja, zomwe zikutanthauza kupambana kwathunthu kwa wojambulayo.

Makhalidwe a Gavinier amatsindika kukongola, kufotokozera komanso mphamvu ya mawu. Wotsutsa wina analemba kuti oimba violin anayi a ku Paris, omwe anali ndi liwu lamphamvu kwambiri, akusewera pamodzi, sakanatha kuposa Gavignier mu mphamvu yoimba komanso kuti ankalamulira mwaufulu gulu la oimba 50. Koma iye anagonjetsa anthu a m’nthaŵi yake mowonjezereka ndi kuloŵerera, kufotokoza momveka bwino kwa maseŵerowo, kukakamiza “monga kuti alankhule ndi kuusa moyo violin yake.” Gavignier anali wotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha machitidwe ake a adagios, zidutswa zapang'onopang'ono komanso zowonongeka, zomwe zinali, monga momwe adanenera panthawiyo, ku gawo la "nyimbo zapamtima".

Koma, moni watheka, mawonekedwe osazolowereka a mawonekedwe a Gavignier ayenera kuzindikirika ngati malingaliro ake obisika a masitayelo osiyanasiyana. Anali patsogolo pa nthawi yake pankhaniyi ndipo akuwoneka kuti akuyang'ana chapakati pazaka za zana la XNUMX, pomwe "luso lotengera luso" lidakhala mwayi waukulu kwa osewera.

Gavignier, komabe, anakhalabe mwana weniweni wa zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu; kuyesetsa kwake kuyimba nyimbo za nthawi zosiyanasiyana ndi anthu mosakayikira kuli ndi maziko a maphunziro. Pokhala wokhulupirika ku malingaliro a Rousseau, kugawana nzeru za Encyclopedists, Gavignier anayesa kusamutsa mfundo zake muzochita zake, ndipo talente yachilengedwe inathandiza kuti zikhumbozi zitheke.

Ameneyo anali Gavignier - Mfalansa weniweni, wokongola, wokongola, wanzeru komanso wanzeru, wokhala ndi kukayikira kochenjera, kunyoza, komanso nthawi yomweyo wachifundo, wokoma mtima, wodzichepetsa, wosavuta. Ameneyo anali Gavignier wamkulu, yemwe Paris woimba nyimbo adasilira ndipo adanyadira kwa theka la zaka.

L. Raaben